| 释义 |
▪ I. Marxist, n.1 and a.1|ˈmɑːksɪst|
[f. as Marxism1 + -ist or ad. F. Marxiste, G. Marxist.]
A. n. A follower of Marx's theories or doctrines; a member of a political organization with international affiliations which is based on Marxism.
1886[see Guesdist]. 1889E. Simcox Diary 18 Sept. in K. A. McKenzie Edith Simcox & George Eliot (1961) 56 The Anarchists [were] bestowing most of their attention on the Marxists. 1908H. G. Wells New Worlds for Old xv. 350 Those ‘class war’ ideas of the Marxist that have been superseded in English socialism. 1918B. Miall tr. Hamon's Lessons of World-War vii. 206 They [sc. German Social Democrats] professed to be Marxists..and they were acting as supporters of the capitalist class in the war which was then commencing. 1928E. & C. Paul tr. Stalin's Leninism 210 Comrade Trotsky is apparently unmindful of the fact that Lenin (who was surely a Marxist!)..was writing of ‘the need for an immediate transfer of all power into the hands of the revolutionary democracy’. 1938J. F. Scanlan tr. Mauriac's Communism & Christians 209 Marx himself was a person in revolt against the world, but Marxists can no longer be such. 1947Henderson & Parsons tr. Weber's Theory Social & Econ. Organization ii. 199 There is the type, which includes especially the Marxists, which is evolutionary. 1964D. Caute Communism & French Intellectuals iv. i. 263 The first generation of communist intellectuals in France were conspicuously immature Marxists.
B. adj. Of or pertaining to Marxism. Freq. in Comb.
1897Social-Democrat Dec. 367 It [sc. the Italian Socialist party] is gradually losing the catastrophic character with which the Marxist teachings have stamped it. 1928E. & C. Paul tr. Stalin's Leninism 349 In other words, Leninism includes all that Marx taught, with the addition of Lenin's contribution to the Marxist treasury. 1938J. F. Scanlan tr. Mauriac's Communism & Christians 209 In such a case judgements and condemnations of the moral kind take the place of psychological theses, and this is the defect of the whole Marxist theory of man. 1949J. Lindsay Marxism & Contemporary Sci. ix. 223 One brief example will serve to show how essential Marxist method has beaten against the Hegelian dualism. 1957J. S. Huxley Relig. without Revelation (rev. ed.) iii. 63 Marxist Communism is much better organised and more competent [than Nazism], but its purely materialist basis has limited its efficacy. 1957Times Lit. Suppl. 25 Oct. 645/3 What had been the house of the local Marxist-Socialist party, who had left it filthy. 1959Encounter Jan. 20/1 In the West, where thought tends to be either Marxist-materialistic or Christian-supernatural..it is difficult to envisage a religion not based on transcendental hopes and promises. 1964Daily Tel. 15 Jan. 14/2 It is not sufficient to make Marxist-sounding speeches,..or even to embrace Mr. Khruschev. All these things Dr. Castro has done before. 1969R. C. Tucker Marxian Revolutionary Idea vi. 213 The history of radical movements, Marxist ones included, suggests that Mao's fear of the coming deradicalization of Chinese communism is well founded. 1973Times 28 June 16/7 A Labour Party led by Mr Wilson and controlled, to the extent that it already is, by its Marxist wing.
So ˈMarxist-ˈLeninism, = Marxism-Leninism; ˈMarxist-ˈLeninist a., of, pertaining to, or characteristic of Marxism-Leninism; cf. Leninist-Marxist. Also Marˈxistically adv.
1933in K. Marx Critique Gotha Programme Introd. 8 The successes of socialist construction are the result of a revolutionary Marxist-Leninist policy. 1937J. M. Murry Necessity of Pacifism iii. 49 Those Socialists who imagine that Marxism, or Marxist-Leninism will either supply, or stiffen it, imagine a vain thing. 1938New Statesman 15 Jan. 87/1 The wretched Mensheviks were Marxistically correct in supporting the Provisional Government.., but they found their attitude difficult to explain to hungry workers and mutinous sailors. 1940tr. Stalin's Leninism 653 There is hardly need to dwell on the cardinal importance of Party propaganda, of the Marxist-Leninist training of our people. 1945Koestler Yogi & Commissar iii. ii. 173 A question which automatically cropped up in every marxistically trained mind. 1948J. Towster Political Power in U.S.S.R. 9 Interests of the Soviet Union cannot be deduced only from a study of the..Marxist-Leninist Ideology. 1957Times Lit. Suppl. 6 Dec. 731/2 The Titoists regard Stalinism as the negation of Marxist-Leninist principles. 1963Z. A. Jordan Philos. & Ideology iii. xi. 228 By denying that knowledge is relative to the mind, Marxist-Leninist thinkers put reality beyond the reach of the mind. 1966Listener 20 Oct. 559/3 Marxist-Leninist philosophy is a dark room in which you're looking for a black cat, and there is no cat, but every so often you shout: ‘I've got it! I've got it!’ 1970New Society 5 Mar. 408/1 Marxist-leninist theory has tended to play down the specific nature of agricultural production, which limits its applicability to developing countries. 1973Denver Q. VIII. ii. 94 The long-term goal is the elimination of the capitalist bourgeois society, and within the universities, the gradual replacement of conservative professors with Marxistically trained and oriented scholars. 1975New Yorker 21 Apr. 141/1 The Hanoi Communists are not, as far as is known, dogmatic Marxist-Leninists.
▪ II. Marxist, a.2 and n.2
see Marxian a.2 and n.2 |