| 释义 |
▪ I. Marxism1|ˈmɑːksɪz(ə)m|
[f. Marx (see Marxian a.1 and n.1) + -ism, or ad. F. Marxisme, G. Marxismus.]
The political and economic theories of Marx, esp. that, as labour is basic to wealth, historical development, following scientific laws determined by dialectical materialism, must lead to the violent overthrow of the capitalist class and the taking over of the means of production by the proletariat. Cf. dialectical a. 1 b.
1897Social-Democrat Dec. 365 Marxism, as generally conceived, is a catastrophic theory rather than a theory of development. 1903Social Democrat Feb. 88 Both ultra-revolutionaryism and opportunism..rest in contradistinction to Marxism on an ideological or quasi-ideological basis. 1908H. G. Wells New Worlds for Old xi. 251 It seemed to me, that fatalistic Marxism crumbled down to dust. 1920Q. Rev. Apr. 477 M. Millerand..was throwing sops to the Cerberus of unchained Marxism. 1935F. A. von Hayek Collectivist Econ. Planning i. 18 It is essentially in this form that Marxism has been interpreted by the social-democratic parties on the Continent. 1959Overstreet & Windmiller Communism in India ii. xx. 488 But according to Marxism, the prime movers of history were not nations but classes. 1968J. H. Kautsky Communism & Politics of Devel. iv. 76 Leninism is an adaptation of Marxism, a product of the industrialized West, to the conditions of an underdeveloped country.
So ˈMarxism-ˈLeninism, the doctrines of Marx as interpreted and put into effect by Lenin; Leninism; official communist interpretation of the doctrines of Marx as implemented by Lenin developed as a set of principles to guide policy and behaviour. Cf. Leninism.
1932(title) The Marxist Library: works of Marxism-Leninism. 1934[see dialectical a. 1 b]. 1936J. Strachey Theory & Pract. Socialism iv. xxviii. 356 The science [sc. Marxism] is now sometimes referred to as ‘Marxism-Leninism’. 1946tr. Lenin's Sel. Works Pref. 13 The revolutionary theory of Marxism-Leninism ‘gives practical workers the power of orientation,..faith in the victory of our cause’ (Stalin). 1948[see Leninism]. 1966P. Heath tr. Wetter's Soviet Ideology Today 328 The struggle against the various revisionist tendencies gave birth to Marxism-Leninism. 1970D. James Ché Guevara xv. 312 But it is revolutionary thought outside Marxism-Leninism with which Ché Guevara appears to have most in common. 1973Listener 26 July 118/2 The Chinese leadership..still has this notion of China as the homeland of Marxism-Leninism.
▪ II. Marxism2
see Marxian a.2 and n.2 |