| 释义 |
marjoram|ˈmɑːdʒərəm|
Forms: α. 4–6 maiorane, 5 mageron, -am, maioron, -um, 6 maioram, -om, magerym, 6–7 majoram, 7 -an. β. (chiefly Sc.) 6 mar-, meriolyne, maryolayn, margelene, 7 majorlame. γ. 6. margerain, -am, -om(e, -um, -yn, marierum, -ierom, -ioram, -om, merierum, -gerum, 6–7 marierome, 7 -jerim, -jerom(e, -jorom, -gorum, Sc. margorie, 7–9 marjorum, 7– marjoram. (In the earlier forms i = j.)
[a. OF. majorane (13th c.), *marjoraine, whence F. (from 14th c.) by dissimilation marjolaine, = Pr. majorana, Sp. majorana, mayorana, now usually mejorana, Pg. mariorana, mangerona, It. majorana, maggiorana, Rumanian măgheran, med.L. majorāna (once majoraca or -us). The Rom. word has passed into the Teut. and other langs., as MDu. mayoleine, margelleine, meieraen (mod.Du. marjolein), MHG. margram, meigramme, meyeron, maigaron, maioran, etc. (mod.G. majoran, dial. meigram), Sw. mejram, Da. merian, Russian (? from G.) maeran, mod.Gr. µατζουράνα.
The ultimate etymology is obscure. Many of the Rom. forms appear to have been perverted by assimilation to L. mājor (It. maggiore, Sp. mayor) greater. There seems to be no adequate ground for the current assumption that the ultimate source is the L. amāracus (a. Gr. ἀµάρακος, -ον), which was in the Middle Ages identified, perh. correctly, with marjoram.]
Any plant of the genus Origanum (family Labiatæ); esp. O. vulgare, wild marjoram (common marjoram, field marjoram, † grove m.), a common plant in limestone or chalky districts, and O. Majorana, sweet marjoram († marjoram gentle, † English marjoram, † fine marjoram, knotted m.), an aromatic herb used in cookery. O. Onites is pot marjoram or winter marjoram, O. heracleoticum, winter sweet marjoram.
α1390Gower Conf. III. 133 Of Majorane his herbe is grounded. c1440Promp. Parv. 319/2 Mageram [K. maiorum, S. mageron, P., W. magerym, J. margeryn]. 1481Botoner Tulle of Old Age f 5 Rosemarynes, maiorons, gylofres. 1573Tusser Husb. (1878) 95 Maierom knotted, sowe or set at the spring. 1597Gerarde Herbal ii. ccvii. 539 Marierome is called..in English Sweete Marierome, Fine Marierome, and Marierome gentle; of the best sort Maiorane. 1601Holland Pliny I. 382 Maioran,..in Cyprus & at Mitylene, where great store of sweet Majoran grows.
β1513Douglas æneis i. x. 69 Tendir mariolyne [L. mollis amaracus] and sweit flouris. 1527Andrew Brunswyke's Distyll. Waters L vi b. 1570Satir. Poems Reform. xv. 10 Thow Lauand, lurk; thow time, be tint; Thow Margelene, swaif. 1689in Thanes of Cawdor (Spald. Club) 353, 1 unce Majorlame, 10s.
γ1523Skelton Garl. Laurel 906 With margerain ientyll, The flowre of goodlyhede. c1550Lloyd Treas. Health xv. E v b, Let thy teeth be washed with the decoction of wilde Margerum [1585 Margeram]. 1578Lyte Dodoens ii. lxix. 236 Origanum Heracleoticum. Spanish Origan. Bastard Margerom. Origanum syluestre. Wilde Origan. Groue Margerom. Ibid. 237 Marum quibusdam. English Margerom. 1597Gerarde Herbal ii. ccvii. 539 The pot Marierome is also called Winter Marierome. Ibid. ccix. 543 Tragoriganum. Goates Marierome. 1640Parkinson Theat. Bot. 12 The wilde or field Marjerome. 1656Marnettè Perf. Cook ii. 1 Take the tops of Time and Margerum and Winter Savoury, a handfull of each. 1689in Thanes of Cawdor (Spald. Club) 352 Sweit Margorie thrie drap, 6s. 1760J. Lee Introd. Bot. App. 318 Marjoram, winter sweet. 1856Miss Mulock J. Halifax xxi. (1859) 220 A plant of wild marjoram. 1882Garden 25 Feb. 137/1 Knotted Marjoram, sweet Savory, and Sweet Basil are much sought after in early spring.
b. attrib. and Comb., as marjoram bed, marjoram leaf; marjoram-leaved adj.; marjoram camphor, a camphor obtained from oil of marjoram (Watts tr. Gmelin's Handbk. Chem. 1860, XIV. 379).
1821Clare Vill. Minstr. I. 115 Thy Marjoram-beds so doubly sweet. 1811A. T. Thomson Lond. Disp. (1818) 277 Common Marjoram leaves. 1882Garden 4 Feb. 82/3 The Marjoram-leaved Toadflax. |