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‖ mare clausum|ˈmɑːriː ˈklɔːzəm|
[L., closed sea, from the title of a Latin work (1635) by John Selden (1584–1654), English jurist, written in answer to Mare liberum (1609) by Grotius.]
A sea under the jurisdiction of a particular country.
This term and mare liberum originated during the struggle between England and the Netherlands in the 17th century.
1652M. Nedham tr. Selden's Of Dominion of Sea sig. g1 Mare Clausum is the Sea possessed in a private manner, or so secluded both by Right and Occupation, that it ceaseth to bee common. 1849J. Allen Navigation Laws Gt. Brit. iv. 34 Although at one time the professed admirers of Mare Liberum, the Dutch began to consider that Mare Clausum possessed more substantial charms. 1856Newsp. & Gen. Reader's Compan. 1. §1013 The Yellow Sea, which for ages has been, with few exceptions, a mare clausum, is now a mare liberum to all the world. 1911Encycl. Brit. XVII. 698/2 Mare clausum and mare liberum..in international law, terms associated with the historic controversy which arose out of demands on the part of different states to assert exclusive dominion over areas of the open or high sea. 1949Canad. Jrnl. Pol. & Social Sci. XV. 344 The old theory of mare clausum, under which coastal waters were sometimes fixed at sixty miles, one hundred miles, two days' journey, etc., from the shore, and under which claims were also made by agreement between two or more countries over an ocean common to them. 1973[see mare liberum]. |