| 释义 |
Mapuche, n. and a.|mæˈpʊtʃɪ|
Pl. unchanged or with -s.
[Native name f. Mapuche mapu land, country + che people.]
A. n.
1. A member of any of the Araucanian Indian peoples of central Chile and Argentina.
Early Spanish settlers in Chile identified three distinct groups of Araucanian Indian peoples; the Picunche in the north, the Huilliche in the south, and the Mapuche. Only the Mapuche survive unassimilated, and, consequently, their name has become almost synonymous with Araucanian.
1922L. E. Elliott Chile Today & Tomorrow ii. 26 The ‘Changos’ of the coastal border took up a permanent position as friends just as the Mapuches (Araucanians) took up a permanent position as enemies. 1929A. Edwards Peoples of Old 9 From Aconcagua to the Chacao Channel and the Gulf of Reloncaví the Kingdom of Chile was inhabited by the Mapuches, the indigenous race who regarded themselves as autochthonous. 1973Black Panther 20 Oct. 14/1 At the Mapuche Indian reservation, all the male Mapuches the military could catch were killed or severely beaten. 1974Encycl. Brit. Macropædia XVII. 120/2 In response to the colonists' demands for more Indian labour, Spanish troops attempted to conquer the southern Araucanians, the Mapuche and Huilliche. 1985R. A. Croese in Klein & Stark S. Amer. Indian Lang. xxi. 784 The Spanish conquistadores called the Mapuches Araucanians. 1988Nat. Geographic July 67 Most Chileans are surprised when I tell them that at least 400,000 of us are Mapuche. Ibid. In 1541 he [sc. conquistador Pedro de Valdivia] proclaimed Spanish rule, founded Santiago, and demanded land and gold of the Mapuche and related tribes, collectively called Araucanians.
2. The language of these peoples. Cf. Araucanian n. 2.
1941M. W. Nichols Bibliogr. Guide Materials Amer. Spanish 65/2 Vol. I..contains a list of 134 words entering Chilean Spanish from Mapuche. 1977Word 1972 XXVIII. 241 Lenz investigated the indigenous Indian language of Chile—Araucan or Mapuche, as it is sometimes called. 1977C. F. & F. M. Voegelin Classification & Index World's Lang. 287 Araucanian = Araukan..= Mapuche. 200,00. Chile..; also Argentina.
B. adj. Of or pertaining to the Mapuche or their language.
1961L. C. Faron (title) Mapuche social structure. 1974Encycl. Brit. Macropædia I. 662/1 The Mapuche culture, also in Chile, relates tales characterized by fairly long narratives about..supernatural characters. 1977Language LIII. 264/2 The Araucanian or Mapuche language is currently spoken by about 200,000 Indians in Chile and 40,000 in Argentina. 1985R. A. Croese in Klein & Stark S. Amer. Indian Lang. xxi. 785 The active use of the Mapuche language is greatly diminished, if not totally gone in some areas. |