| 释义 |
▪ I. maple|ˈmeɪp(ə)l|
Also 4–5 mapil(l, -ul(le, -el, 7 mayple.
[OE. *mapel, *mapul, only in mapeltréow maple tree, and in mapulder of the same meaning: cf. OS. mapulder (Gallée), MLG. mapeldorn.
The late ON. mǫpur-r (rare—1) seems to be an alteration of the Eng. word after the synonymous but unconnected ON. mǫsurr: see mazer. Beside the OTeut. type *maplo- represented in the Eng. and OS. word, there was a synonymous *matlo- represented in OHG. maȥȥaltra, mod.G. maszholder; the relation between these two forms has not been explained.]
1. a. Any of the trees or shrubs of the genus Acer, flourishing in northern temperate regions, many of which are grown for shade or ornament, some valued for their wood, and some for a sugar product. The Common Maple is Acer campestre. The fruit of these trees is a double-winged samara or ‘key’.
770[see maple tree]. a1366Chaucer Rom. Rose 1384 Maples, asshe, ook, asp, planes longe. c1386― Knt.'s T. 2065 Mapul. 1590Spenser F.Q. i. i. 9 The Maple seeldom inward sound. 1632T. Morton New Eng. Canaan ii. ii. (1637) 65 Mayple,..very excellent, for bowles. 1732Gentl. Mag. II. 673 The Maple blushing gratifies the Sight. 1856Whittier Ranger v, Silver birches, golden-hooded, Set with maples, crimson-blooded.
b. With qualifying word, applied to various species of the genus Acer: e.g.
bird's-eye maple (cf. 2) = sugar maple; black or black sugar maple, A. nigrum; Cretan maple, A. creticum; dwarf maple, A. glabrum (Cent. Dict. 1890); goose-foot maple = striped maple (ibid.); great or greater maple = sycamore maple; hairy maple, A. barbatum; hard maple = sugar maple; hedge maple, Acer campestre; Italian maple, A. Opalus; Montpellier maple, A. monspessulanum, found in southern France; mountain maple, A. spicatum, found on mountains in North America; Norway maple, A. platanoides; red or red-flowering, scarlet or scarlet-flowering maple, A. rubrum; rock maple = sugar maple; silver, silver-leaved, or white maple, A. dasycarpum, of eastern North America; soft maple, ‘either the red or the silver maple’ (Cent. Dict.); striped maple, A. pennsylvanicum (or striatum), moosewood; sugar maple, A. saccharinum of North America, which yields maple-sugar; swamp maple = red maple; sycamore maple, A. Pseudo-platanus (see sycamore); vine maple, A. circinatum (Cent. Dict.). Also ash-leaved maple, any tree of the genus Negundo; box-elder.
1597Gerarde Herbal iii. cxii. 1300 The great Maple, not rightly called the Sycomore tree..is a stranger in England. 1797Encycl. Brit. (ed. 3) s.v. Acer. 1800 Med. Jrnl. IV. 246 The sugar and silver maple, Acer saccharinum, and A. dasycarpon. 1866Treas. Bot. 1876Burroughs Winter Sunshine (1895) 93 Soft maple makes a very fine white sugar. 1906Westm. Gaz. 13 Nov. 12/2 Every lane is aflame with hedge-maples. 1957M. Hadfield Brit. Trees 376 Common Maple. Acer campestre Linnaeus. Hedge maple, field maple. Usually a small tree..but also seen in hedge-rows as a pollard or, owing to repeated cutting, a shrub.
2. a. The wood of any of these trees. bird's-eye maple (see bird's-eye 4). curled maple: a wood in which the grain is much undulated or contorted, obtained from the broad-leaved, red, and sugar maples. mottled maple, Russian maple (see quot. 1875).
1396–7Durham Acc. Rolls (Surtees) 214, ix sawsars de Mapill. 1663Cowley Ess., Agric. Wks. 1710 II. 714 He seats him in a Throne of Maple. 1664Evelyn Sylva x. 28 The Maple..was of old held in equal estimation almost with the Citron; especially the Bruscum, the French-Maple, and the Peacocks-tail-Maple. 1805Wordsw. Prel. i. 515 The naked table, snow-white deal, Cherry or maple. 1847W. Darlington Amer. Weeds, etc. (1860) 92 The wood of the Red Maple—especially that variety or form of it, known as Curled Maple. 1875Ure's Dict. Arts III. 216 The Russian maple is thought to be the wood of a birch tree... The bird's eye maple is the American variety... The mottled maple is a commoner variety.
b. The colour of maple.
1853Heal & Son Catal. 60/1 Wardrobes, japanned maple, or any colour for gentlemen's use. 1926–7Army & Navy Stores Catal. 297/2 Oil Varnish stains..in the following colours..Mahogany, Rosewood, Maple, Satinwood. 1967[see duck's egg c].
3. attrib. and Comb., as maple forest, maple grove, maple leaf, maple timber; † maple warr (= knot in tree), maple wood; quasi-adj. with sense ‘made of maple wood’, as in maple chair, maple cup, maple dish; maple-leaved, maple-timbered adjs. Also maple beer, a beverage made from maple sap; † maple biscuit, some kind of confectionery; † maple block, a block of maple wood on which tobacconists cut tobacco; maple-borer, an insect which bores the wood of maples (Cent. Dict. 1890); maple bush, the mountain maple, Acer spicatum; maple candy, a sweet made from maple sap; maple disease, a disease of certain maples caused by the fungus Phyllosticta acericola (Cent. Dict.); maple eye, in graining, an eye-shaped mark like those found in maple wood; † maple face, a spotted face; so maple-faced a.; maple grey, a kind of grey pea; maple-honey U.S., the uncrystallized part of the sap of the sugar maple (Bartlett Dict. Amer. 1859); maple key, the fruit of a maple-tree (see key n.1 14); maple knob (see quot.); maple leaf, a representation of the leaf of the maple tree (as an emblem of Canada); maple molasses U.S., a syrup obtained by evaporating maple sap or dissolving maple sugar (Cent. Dict.); maple pea, a variety of garden pea with wrinkled seeds; = maple rouncival; also absol.; maple rouncival, a kind of rouncival pea (cf. maple grey); maple sugar N. Amer., the sugar obtained by evaporation from the sap of certain maples; maple sugary, a maple sugar factory; maple swamp, a swamp in which maple is the prevailing tree; maple syrup= maple-molasses hence maple-syruping vbl. n.; maple syrup (urine) disease, a rare condition which is usu. fatal at a very early age or (if the infant survives) leads to mental deficiency, and is caused by the absence of an enzyme which decarboxylates various metabolites of the amino-acids leucine, isoleucine, and valine, so that these substances are present in high concentrations in the blood and urine and impart a characteristic smell of maple syrup to the latter. Also maple-root, tree.
1788Amer. Museum IV. 350/1 *Maple beer.—To every 4 gallons of water (while boiling) add a quart of maple melasses. 1857‘Porte Crayon’ Virginia Illustr. i. 23 The table was spread with the best in the house—cold bread and meat..maple beer. 1973L. Russell Everyday Life Colonial Canada viii. 103 Spruce beer, made from the tender twigs of that tree, and maple beer, from the late, weak sap fermented with hops.
1755Mem. Capt. P. Drake II. iii. 45 A Flask of Pontack,..with Cakes, *Maple Biscuits, and other Sweetmeats [at Allost, in Flanders].
1610B. Jonson Alch. i. iii, He has his *maple block, his siluer tongs.
1821Schoolcraft Trav. 162 The small red twigs of the..*maple bush.
1840N.Y. Mirror 4 Apr. 37/2 Your great dealers in Newtown pippins and *maple candy. 1879Morning Chron. (Halifax, Nova Scotia) 2 July 1/8 The average boy and a good sized lump of maple candy, form the materials from which we might deduct self-evident conclusion regarding the facility with which attachments are formed in early life. 1975Times 22 Apr. 6 The Prince of Wales samples maple candy while visiting a sugar camp near Ottawa.
1649Ogilby æneis viii. (1684) 292 A *Maple Chair, graced with a Lion's Skin.
1679Blount Anc. Tenures 7 The service of presenting the king with three *Maple-Cups on the day of his Coronation.
1634Milton Comus 391 Who would rob a Hermit of his Weeds, His few Books, or his Beads, or *Maple Dish?
1873E. Spon Workshop Receipts Ser. i. 424/2 Put in the *maple eyes by hand.
1633B. Jonson Tale of Tub ii. i, What! Rowle-powle! *Maple-face! All fellowes! 1650Bulwer Anthropomet. 159 Ere long these adulterate Colours will moulder, and then the old maple-Face appeares.
1607Middleton Five Gallants iv. vii, Yon unlucky, *maple-faced rascal.
1840Knickerbocker XVI. 267 A small and beautiful lake [with]..a rich tract of *maple forest on one side. 1910Kipling Rewards & Fairies 146 Still autumn sets the maple-forest blazing.
1805R. W. Dickson Pract. Agric. II. 583 The Marlborough gray, the horn gray, the *maple gray.
1876Encycl. Brit. IV. 773/2 A *maple grove..is..regarded as a valuable feature on a Canadian farm.
1664Evelyn Kal. Hort., Oct. (1679) 26 Ashen, Sycomor, and *Maple keys.
1858Homans Cycl. Comm. 1316/1 In addition to the above-named varieties [curled and bird's-eye maples], two other kinds occur in the wens, or excrescences, which grow on the trunk or roots of this tree... The most valuable variety is known by the name of Variegated *Maple-knob.
1418E. E. Wills (1882) 36 Wroght wit *mapil leues and fret of .iij. foill. 1860Trans. Lit. & Hist. Soc. Quebec IV. 20 The Mayflower..I am told is the emblem of Nova Scotia, as the Maple leaf is of Canada. 1900Daily News 1 Jan. 3/2 The Canadians; the wearers of the maple leaf. 1964Globe & Mail (Toronto) 29 Oct. 1/9 A single maple leaf on a white field flanked by red bars will be recommended to the House of Commons today as Canada's new flag. 1967Canadian Antiques Collector Jan. 25/1 At least three different Maple leaf forms have been found in the pressed glass patterns of Canada.
1785H. Marshall Arbustrum Americanum 77 *Maple-leaved Liquidamber Tree or Sweet Gum. 1813H. Muhlenberg Catal. Plant. 32 Maple-leaved Mealy Tree (Viburnum acerifolium). 1930Maple-leaved [see London plane].
1804T. G. Fessenden Orig. Poems 29 The lips of my charmer are sweet, As a hogshead of *maple molasses. 1863‘G. Hamilton’ Gala-Days 225 A land flowing with maple molasses and sugar. 1897C. Durand Reminisc. 83 We made our household sugar, and luscious maple molasses, not mixed as it is now too often with water and common Muscovado sugar.
1733W. Ellis Chiltern & Vale Farming xxxii. 219 The *Maple is a larger and sweeter Pea for the Hog. 1744― Mod. Husbandman Mar. vi. 53 (heading) The Nature and Culture of the common and rouncival Maple Pea. 1960Farmer & Stockbreeder 23 Feb. 4/2 For maples interest is mostly restricted to seed lots. 1969Times 14 Jan. 8/6 One pigeon, encouraged by occasional rewards of maple peas fed to it..learnt to glide in a stationary position in a wind tunnel so that its performance could be measured.
1762Mills Syst. Pract. Husb. I. 466 The green and the *maple rouncivals require a stronger soil than the white.
1720Phil. Trans. R. Soc. XXXI. 27 *Maple Sugar is made of the Juice of Upland Maple, or Maple Trees that grow upon the Highlands. 1784J. Belknap in B. Papers (1877) II. 181 A sauce composed of raspberries, cream, and maple sugar. 1852A. Cary Clovernook 74 Everyday in winter she used to feed them [sc. the bees] maple-sugar if she had it. 1885‘Mark Twain’ in Century Mag. XXXI. 195/2 We occupied an old maple-sugar camp. 1907Springfield (Mass.) Weekly Republ. 9 May 16 The Holyoke canoe club opened the river year with a maple-sugar eat at their club-house. 1921Daily Colonist (Victoria, B.C.) 30 Mar. 3/6 Up to the present the weather has not been favourable for the manufacture of maple sugar in the district of Quebec. 1931W. Cather Shadows on Rock v. i. 204 The country people had been coming..bringing maple sugar, spruce beer. 1969E. H. Pinto Treen 94/1 Maple Sugar Moulds... early 19th-century, carved wood moulds for maple sugar, from Quebec Province, Canada. 1974Country Life 3–10 Jan. 28/3 Maple sugar was..often the only source of sugar available to pioneers in the backwoods.
1890E. W. Gosse P. H. Gosse 95 A log-hut..a young *maple-sugary, and four tons of hay.
1667Early Rec. Providence, Rhode Island (1894) V. 317 Standing on the west Side of a *Maple Swampe. 1789J. Morse Amer. Geogr. 143 One species generally predominating in each soil has originated the descriptive names of..maple, ash and cedar swamps. 1855Knickerbocker XLVI. 225 Cutting hoop-poles in the maple swamps.
1849in Glimpses of Past (Missouri Hist. Soc.) (1933) I. 5 At the different houses they received sugar, coffee, lard, candles, flour, *maple syrup, [etc.]. 1885Outing Oct. VII. 77/1 A moment later, all smoking and puffy and swimming in maple sirup, it disappears. 1905Calkins & Holden Art of Mod. Advertising 113 Maple-sirup is a product to which justice has never been done. [1954J. H. Menkes et al. in Pediatrics XIV. 462 (heading) A new syndrome: progressive familial infantile cerebral dysfunction associated with an unusual urinary substance... A characteristic feature of their illness was the passage of urine with an odor strikingly similar to that of maple syrup. 1957Amer. Jrnl. Dis. Children XCIV. 571/2 (heading) Maple sugar urine disease.] 1959Brit. Med. Jrnl. 10 Jan. 90/1 (heading) ‘Maple syrup urine disease.’ An inborn error of the metabolism of valine, leucine, and isoleucine associated with gross mental deficiency. Ibid. 92/2 A disease which may be related to ‘maple syrup disease’. 1967Mrs. L. B. Johnson White House Diary 11 June (1970) 527 We went in to breakfast.., including blueberry pancakes, and, naturally, Vermont maple syrup. 1968Passmore & Robson Compan. Med. Stud. I. xi. 23/1 Maple syrup disease, so rare as to be a clinical curiosity, is an inborn error of metabolism. 1969New Scientist 3 July 10/1 Prevention of postnatal brain damage by dietary treatment has been reported in a number of other inborn errors of metabolism. Examples include galactosaemia, tyrosinosis, maple syrup urine disease and possibly homocystinuria. 1973J. Drummond Bang! Bang! You're Dead! xv. 39 A pretty girl, with a small cute body the colour of maple syrup.
1975Budget (Sugarcreek, Ohio) 20 Mar. 3/8, March 17—Very damp on the outside again. Ideal weather for maple *syruping.
1845C. M. Kirkland Western Clearings 3 He had purchased fine farming land and *maple timber.
1849Ex. Doc. 31st U.S. Congress 1 Sess. House No. 5. II. 631 At 7½ a.m., went over good *maple-timbered land to corner.
1579Spenser Sheph. Cal. Aug. 26 A mazer ywrought of the *Maple Warre.
17..Mortimer Husb. (J.), Of the rottenest *maple wood burnt to ashes they make a strong lye. 1805Med. Jrnl. XIV. 172 Maple wood is..much used for the lathe.
Hence mapled |ˈmeɪp(ə)ld| a., grown with maples.
1851Whittier Chapel of Hermits 371 This mapled ridge shall Horeb be.
▪ II. maple
variant of mapple Obs., a mop. |