| 释义 |
Manchu, n. and a.|mænˈtʃuː|
Also Manchew, Manchoo, Manchow, Mantcheou, Mantchoo, Mantchu, etc.
[Manchu, ‘pure’, the name of a tribe descended from the Nü-chên Tartars.]
A. n.
1. A member of a Tungusic race inhabiting Manchuria, which conquered China in 1644 and was the ruling class until the Revolution in 1912.
[1655A. Semedo Hist. China iii. 292 He used to cry out in their Language Hoo Manzu.] 1697L. Le Compte Mem. Journey through China i. i. 17 One of the Petty Kings of the Eastern Tartary..whose subjects called Mouantchéou..entered the Province of Leauton with a numerous Army. 1736R. Brookes tr. Du Halde's Gen. Hist. China IV. 86 The places belonging to the Mantcheoux have Mantcheou Names. 1759Universal Hist., Mod. IV. 278 Here the present empire of the eastern Tatars, or Manchews..had its beginning. 1821G. Staunton tr. Narr. Chinese Embassy 152 The Mantchoos and the Mongals bear a great resemblance to each other. 1883S. W. Williams Middle Kingdom (new ed.) I. i. 44 The Manchus are an agricultural or a hunting people. 1940E. Pound Cantos lviii. 77 Tai Tsong..Forbad manchus marry their sisters.
2. The language of the Manchus.
1822G. Staunton Misc. Notes China 95 Table of Contents of a Chinese and Mantchoo-Tartar Dictionary. 1888H. E. M. James Long White Mountain 132 Yet, so wonderful are the ways of men, the Court and the people alike are now abandoning Manchu for the cumbrous and barbarous Chinese. 1920Contemp. Rev. Apr. 526 Ferdinand Verbiest..to please Kang-hi had learnt Manchu.
B. adj. Of or pertaining to the Manchus, their country (Manchuria), or their language.
1736R. Brookes tr. Du Halde's Gen. Hist. China IV. 90 A great Number of Mantcheou Mandarins. 1770W. Guthrie New Geogr. Gram. 472 The Chinese went to war with the Manchew Tartars. 1844C. Fox Jrnl. 22 Aug. (1972) 153 They gave him a hymn to translate into the Manchow language. 1848S. W. Williams Middle Kingdom II. 562 Out of a Manchu population of four thousand..not more than five hundred survived. 1882Encycl. Brit. XIV. 96/1 Tobacco..grown in the province [sc. Manchuria] being greatly prized throughout the Chinese empire under the name of ‘Manchu leaf’. 189819th Cent. Jan. 163 The Manchu dynasty is the cement that holds the heterogeneous components of the Chinese Empire together. 1948N. Whymant China Manual i. 16 The Manchu leader..mounted the throne and in 1644 the Ch'ing or Manchu dynasty began. 1972T. Shabad China's Changing Map ii. 45 The criteria used by the Chinese Communists in distinguishing a Manchu ethnic group are not entirely clear. 1972Mainichi Daily News (Japan) 6 Nov. 17/6 The authors have no acquaintance with Korean or Manchu grammar. |