| 释义 |
Manchester|ˈmæntʃɪstə(r)|
The name of a large city in Lancashire, historically the chief centre of the cotton manufacture.
1. a. Used attrib. or as adj. chiefly in the names of various cotton goods produced there, as Manchester cottons, etc. Also Manchester-man (see quot. 1851). Manchester terrier, a small, short-coated, black and tan terrier of the breed so called, once particularly popular in the Manchester area; also absol.; cf. black and tan (black a. 14). Manchester wares, cotton goods manufactured at Manchester; hence Manchester warehouse, Manchester warehouseman.
1552Act 5 & 6 Edw. VI, c. 6 §1 All and everie Cottonnes called Manchester Lancashire and Chesshire Cottonnes... And..all Clothes called Manchester Rugges otherwise named Frices. 1580R. Hitchcock Pol. Plat F ij, At Rone in Fraunce..be solde our Englishe wares, as Welche and Manchester Cottons [etc.]. 1704Jrnl. Ho. Comm. 27 Jan. 499/2 Linnen and Woollen cloth and other goods called Manchester Wares. 1762Lond. Chron. 18–20 Mar. XI. 266/2 Blue Manchester velvets, with gold cords..are generally the uniform of Bum-bailiffs [etc.]. 1794W. Felton Carriages (1801) I. 24 A strong Manchester tape, called web. 1795J. Aikin Descr. Manchester 183 When the Manchester trade began to extend. 1851Mayhew Lond. Labour (1864) I. 419/1 The packmen are sometimes called Manchester-men. These are the men whom I have described as the sellers of shirtings, sheetings, &c. 1851in Illustr. Lond. News (1854) 5 Aug. 119/1 [Occupations of People.] Manchester-warehouseman. 1858Simmonds Dict. Trade, Manchester and Glasgow Warehouse, a sale depository for all kinds of cotton goods. 1894R. B. Lee Hist. & Descr. Mod. Dogs Gt. Brit. & Ireland: Terriers iv. 75 The Kennel Club acknowledged it as the ‘Manchester’ terrier, as well as by its own name of the black and tan. 1899Daily News 9 Jan. 2/4 Unlawfully applying a certain false trade description to ‘Manchester linen’. 1943‘C. Dickson’ She died a Lady v. 37 A so-called Manchester terrier sprang on the front of the chair. 1971F. Hamilton World Encycl. Dogs 461 The only acceptable color for a Manchester Terrier is black-and-tan. Ibid., Manchesters are very attractive little dogs equally at home in town or country.
b. In the names of various colours, as Manchester black, Manchester brown, Manchester yellow.
1862O'Neill Dict. Calico Printing, etc. 24 What was called Manchester black, was obtained by first steeping in galls or sumac, then [etc.]. 1870J. W. Sclater Man. Colours 113 Manchester Yellow (Jaune d'Or, Naphthylamine Yellow), the most splendid yellow colouring matter known, prepared from napthalin. a1873F. C. Calvert Dyeing, etc. (1876) 472 ‘Manchester yellow’ or ‘Martius' yellow’,..gives a very pure gold colour on silk and wool. 1885[see Bismarck 1]. 1957Encycl. Brit. II. 828/2 Bismarck brown (Manchester brown), prepared by the action of nitrous acid on m-phenylene diamine, contains triaminoazobenzene.
2. Manchester school: a name first applied by Disraeli to the body of politicians, led by Cobden and Bright, who, before the repeal of the Corn Laws, held their meetings at Manchester and advocated the principles of free trade. It was afterwards extended by their opponents to the party who supported those leaders on other questions of policy. Also, in Manchester policy, etc., used derisively to designate a policy of laissez-faire and self-interest.
1848Disraeli Sp. Ho. Comm. 10 Mar., in Hansard 417 The great leaders of the school of Manchester..laid down this principle, that you were to buy in the cheapest and sell in the dearest market. 1849― Sp. 6 July ibid. 1495, I say the Manchester school. I have a right to use that phrase, for I gave them that name. I gave it them with all respect. 1851Bright in G. B. Smith Life & Sp. (1881) I. 345 [In an address to his constituents.] Now, we are called the ‘Manchester Party’, and our policy is the ‘Manchester policy’, and this building I suppose is the schoolroom of the ‘Manchester School’. I do not repudiate that name at all. I think it is an honour [etc.]. 1881Morley Cobden I. vi. 151 When we look back upon the affairs of that time [1854], we see that there were two policies open. Lord Palmerston's was one, the Manchester policy was the other. 1882J. Rae in Contemp. Rev. Jan. 101 They repudiate the Manchester idolatry of self-interest. 1902B. Kidd West. Civiliz. xi. 405 The inherent tendency of all economic evils to cure themselves if simply left alone—the characteristic doctrine of the Manchester school of thought in England.
3. absol. or n. Some kind of cotton fabric.
1777F. Burney Early Diary (1889) II. 169 Betsy..had a very showy striped pink and white Manchester. 1799W. Tooke View Russian Emp. III. 509 Cotton-manufactories..make..coarse muslin, manchester,..&c.
4. slang. The tongue. ? Obs.
1812in J. H. Vaux Flash Dict. 1820Lond. Mag. I. 26/1 If, instead of bidding her hold her manchester, he had attended to her advice. 1823Grose's Dict. Vulgar Tongue.
Hence ˈManchesterdom [formed after G. Manchesterthum, a word used by German socialists]; ˈManchesterism, the principles advocated by or attributed to the ‘Manchester school’; ˈManchesterist, one who supports Manchesterism.
1882J. Rae in Contemp. Rev. Jan. 101 Much of his [Todt's] work is devoted to show the..inner antagonism of Christianity and Manchesterdom... The merely nominal Christian..is always a spiritual Manchestrist, worshipping laissez faire, laissez aller, with his whole soul. 1883Shuttleworth in Pall Mall G. 29 Nov. 10/1 Manchesterism, which enriched the few at the expense of the many. 1898J. A. Hobson Ruskin vi. 134 Manchesterism, which is sometimes taken as the type of commercial selfishness. |