| 释义 |
maltha|ˈmælθə|
Also anglicized 5 malthe.
[a. L. maltha, a. Gr. µάλθα, µάλθη mixture of wax and pitch.]
1. A kind of cement made by mixing pitch and wax, or lime and sand, with other ingredients.
c1420Pallad. on Husb. i. 1115 Conuenyent hit is to knowe, of bathis..what malthis hote & colde Are able,..To make hit hool and watir wel to holde. 1601Holland Pliny II. 595 Concerning Maltha, it was wont to be made of quicke and new lime: for they tooke the limestone and quenched it in wine, which done, presently they punned it with swines grease and figs. 1703Moxon Mech. Exerc. 243 There is other Morter..very hard and durable, as may be seen at Rome,..which is called Maltha, from a kind of Bitumen Dug there;..But their Cement differs from both the Malthas in Composition and use. 1847Smeaton Builder's Man. 123 Maltha, or Greek Mastic. This is made by mixing lime and sand..and making it into a proper consistency with milk or size, instead of water.
2. The name anciently given to some viscid form of bitumen; applied by Kirwan to the ‘semi-compact’ variety of ‘mineral pitch’ or asphaltum, and by later mineralogists variously to ‘mineral tar’ and to ozocerite (Kirwan's ‘mineral tallow’).
1601Holland Pliny I. 46 In a citie of Comagene, named Samosatis, there is a pond, yeelding forth a kind of slimie mud (called Maltha) which will burne cleare. 1727–41Chambers Cycl. s.v., Natural maltha is a kind of bitumen, wherewith the Asiatics plaster their walls. 1796Kirwan Elem. Min. II. 46 Species IV. Mineral Pitch, Asphaltum... Second Variety. Semi Compact. Maltha. Erdiges Erdpech of Werner. Its colour dark reddish, or blackish brown... I shall denote it by the name of Maltha. 1799W. Tooke View Russian Emp. I. 292, A watery vapour..which collected in pitchers is..so richly impregnated with naphtha, but still more with maltha, that the inhabitants take both and use the latter as tar. 1807T. Thomson Chem. (ed. 3) II. 455 Sea wax, or maltha, is a solid substance found on the Baikal lake in Siberia. 1865Watts Dict. Chem., Maltha, the mineral tallow of Kirwan, said to have been found on the coast of Finland. It resembles wax. 1868Proc. Amer. Philos. Soc. X. 455 Maltha, or mineral tar,..is more nearly allied to tar..than to oil. |