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antagonize, v.|ænˈtægənaɪz|
[ad. Gr. ἀνταγωνίζ-εσθαι to struggle against, vie with, rival; f. ἀντί against + ἀγωνίζ-εσθαι to struggle, f. ἀγών a contest: see agon.]
†1. trans. To compete with, vie with, rival. Obs.
1634T. Herbert Trav. 211 The Dodo which for shape and rarenesse may antigonize the Phœnix of Arabia.
2. To act in antagonism to, struggle against, contend with, oppose actively.
1742Bailey, Antagonize, to act the Part of an Opponent in arguing, to oppose, to contradict. 1773in Johnson, and 1818in Todd [only from Bailey]. 1818Keats Endym. (1851) 81 Like one huge Python Antagonising Boreas. 1865Masson Rec. Brit. Philos. 48 A so-called Scottish Philosophy of Common Sense to antagonize all this mass of English and imported Sensationalism.
b. In England, antagonizing forces must be of the same kind, but in the political phraseology of U.S. a person may antagonize (i.e. oppose) a measure.
1882Boston Evg. Transcr. 4/3 Ex-Secretary Windom did not hesitate openly to antagonize ex-Secretary Sherman's bill. Ibid. 8/5 The Democrats on the committee have given notice of a determination to antagonize this and all other bills for the admission of Territories as States.
3. Phys. To counteract the action of (the opposite muscle).
1840Penny Cycl. XVI. 65/1 These fibres..have a constant tendency to antagonize the adductor muscle. 1860Lewes Phys. Com. Life II. x. 280 The body is balanced by an incessant shifting of the muscles, one group antagonising the other. 1870Rolleston Anim. Life 56 The ligament divaricates, when not antagonized by the adductor muscles.
4. Hence: To counteract or neutralize the action of (any force).
1833Sir J. Herschel Astr. viii. 285 Perpetual contest between conservative and destructive powers..so antagonizing one another as to prevent the latter from ever acquiring an uncontrollable ascendancy. 1860Emerson Cond. Life (1861) i. 17 If Fate follows and limits power, power attends and antagonizes Fate. 1861F. H. Ramadge Cur. Consump. 49 The tumefaction of latent catarrh..is sufficient to antagonize consumption.
5. intr. To act in antagonism.
1861Hulme Moquin-Tandon ii. vi. i. 318 These organs..act from above downwards, but without antagonizing.
6. trans. To render antagonistic, make an antagonist.
1882Echo 20 Feb. 2/4 The very doing of this work..antagonises certain sections of the people whose interests are supposed to be prejudiced by legislative changes.
Add:[4.] b. Physiol. To inhibit or interfere with the action or effect of (a biologically active substance).
1875A. S. Taylor Poisons (ed. 3) viii. 52 Attempts have been made..to antagonize animal poisons, such as that of rabies. 1906W. E. Dixon Man. Pharmacol. xxxii. 438 Physostigmine..is..antagonised by the atropine group of drugs. 1949H. W. Florey et al. Antibiotics II. xxi. 812 Glutathione and thiothreonine antagonized the anti-bacterial action of penicillin. 1969Times 7 July 5/7 Drugs known to have an effect in reducing inflammation, presumably because they antagonize various of the substances released in the lungs. 1990Jrnl. Developmental Physiol. XIV. 29/2 Treatment..with indomethacin has been shown to antagonize the ethanol-induced suppression of fetal breathing movements. |