| 释义 |
▪ I. madder, n.1|ˈmædə(r)|
Forms: 1 mædere, mæddre, mæderu, 3–7 mader, 4–5 madyr, (5 madur, maddyre, madre), 5–6 maddre, 6–7 mather, (8 maddar), 4– madder.
[OE. mædere wk. fem. corresp. to ON. maðra in place-names (Sw. madra, dial. mådra, måra, Norw. modra, maure); app. related in some way are MDu., MLG. mêde (mod.Du. mede, mee), madder.
The word in OE. and ON. could not originally have denoted the exotic Rubia, but probably belonged to various species of the allied genera Asperula and Galium, some of which are still used as substitutes for madder. In Iceland, Sweden, and Norway, it is now applied chiefly to Galium boreale; in Sweden also to Asperula tinctoria (Dyer's Woodruff), while Rubia tinctorum is called röd madra and krapp. In the mod. Wiltshire dialect madder is used for the Sweet Woodruff (Asperula odorata); the madder(s or mather applied in several dialects to the Stinking Camomile is prob. a distinct word (see maythe).]
1. a. A herbaceous climbing plant, Rubia tinctorum, having rough hairy stems and bearing panicles of small yellowish flowers: cultivated, esp. in Holland and France, for the dye obtained from it (see 2). Called also dyer's madder.
c1000Sax. Leechd. I. 154 Ðeos wyrt þe man gryas & oðrum naman mædere nemneð byð cenned fyrmust in lucania. c1050Herbarium in Sax. Leechd. I. 24 Herba gryas þæt is mæderu [v.r. mædere]. c1265Voc. Plants in Wr.-Wülcker 608/27 Rubea, mader. 14..Voc. ibid. 576/22 Cressula, Mader. c1440Promp. Parv. 319/1 Madyr, herbe. 1562Turner Herbal ii. 118 The stalkes of madder are foure squared, longe, rough lyke vnto the stalkes of gooshareth. 1688R. Holme Armoury ii. 76/2 The Garden Madder hath a long rough leaf. 1758P. Miller (title) The Method of cultivating Madder, As it is now practised by the Dutch in Zealand. 1846McCulloch Acc. Brit. Empire (1854) I. 109 Madder has been attempted to be raised [in England], but without success. 1882Holden Hum. Osteol. (ed. 6) 33 The colouring principle of the madder (Rubia tinctorum) has a strong affinity for phosphate of lime.
b. With specific qualification, applied to other plants. Bengal madder, Rubia cordifolia (Treas. Bot. 1866). field madder (see field n. 20). hog's madder (see hog n.1 13 d). Indian madder, (a) R. cordifolia; (b) Oldenlandia umbellata (Treas. Bot.). petty madder, the genus Crucianella. wild madder, (a) R. peregrina, native to the south-west of England; (b) Galium Mollugo.
14..Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 570/10 Candeo, wylde madur. 1578Lyte Dodoens iv. lxxiii. 537 There be two sortes of Madder, the tame Madder..and the wild Madder. 1597Gerarde Herbal 961, 1 Rubia tinctorum, Red Madder. 2 Rubia syluestris, Wilde Madder. 3 Rubia marina, Sea Madder. 1760J. Lee Introd. Bot. App. 318 Petty Madder, Crucianella. 1776Withering Bot. Arrangem. Vegetables I. 81 Madder. Mollugo. Goosegrass... Wild Madder, Great Bastard Madder. 1813Ainslie Mat. Med. Hindostan 87 Bengal Madder, Rubia Manjith Roxb.
2. a. The root of this plant, employed medicinally or as a source of colouring matter; the dye-stuff or pigment prepared from this.
The chief colouring matters contained in madder are alizarin and purpurin. The ‘Turkey red’, used in dyeing cotton, is prepared from madder.
1347–8Rolls of Parlt. II. 215/2 Come il ait fait avenir en Engleterre xi pokes de madder a Lenn. c1374Chaucer Former Age 17 No mader [v.rr. madyr, madder], welde, or wood no litestere Ne knew. 1389in Eng. Gilds (1870) 358 Euerych a cart y'lade wt mader, þt comeþ to selle, twey pans. 1436Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 180 Yit marchaundy of Braban and Selande, The madre and woode that dyers take on hande To dyne wyth. 1579Langham Gard. Health (1633) 377 Madder. The root is sharp and bitter, and therefore purgeth the liuer and the milt. 1581Act 23 Eliz. c. 9 §3 Wherein no Mather shalbe used. 1601R. Johnson Kingd. & Commw. (1603) 28 It bringeth forth great quantitie of mather, very perfect woade, but no great store. 1747Cooke in Hanway Trav. (1762) I. iv. lv. 258 These Tartars trade..with the Russians with their madder. 1846J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) II. 311 Sulphur and madder are the best alterants in foulness of the skin or habit. 1882W. T. Suffolk in Sci. Gossip Mar. 50 Avoid..cochineal colours; the madders are the only safe substitutes.
b. With defining word, indicating a special kind or quality, as bale-madder, bunch-madder, fat-madder, pipe-madder; sometimes with designation adopted from Du., as mull madder, umbro madder; crap-madder [crap n.2], corruptly crop-madder, grape-madder, the best quality of madder.
1640in Entick London (1766) II. 168 Crop madder, and all other bale madder..Fat madder..Mull madder. a1661Fuller Worthies, Kent ii (1662) 57 Madder..there are three kinds thereof. 1. Crop-Madder. 2. Umber-Owe. 3. Pipe or Fat-Madder. 1765Museum Rust. IV. 176 The best umbro madder, imported from Holland. 1797Encycl. Brit. (ed. 3) X. 400/2 The commodity, when manufactured, is distinguished into different kinds, as grape-madder, bunch-madder, &c. The grape-madder is the heart of the root.
3. The colour produced by madder dyes or pigments; also with defining word, as crimson madder. Also attrib. or adj.
1861Thornbury Turner I. 30 Of the yellow and madder sails..he took careful note. 1863Kingsley Water-Bab. 12 A crimson madder petticoat. 1886Ruskin Præterita I. 396 Shade cobalt through pink madder into yellow ochre for skies.
4. attrib. and Comb., as madder-bath, madder-croft, madder-crop, madder-dye, madder-dyeing, madder-field, madder-grinder, madder-ground, madder-miller, madder-pit, madder-plant, madder root, madder-stove, madder style, madder tribe; madder-printed adj. Also in names of colours produced by dyes or pigments in which madder is an ingredient, as madder-black, madder-brown, madder-lake, madder-purple, madder-red, etc. Also madder-bleach, a special method of bleaching cotton; madder-print, madder-printed cloth or cotton (Cent. Dict. 1890); madderwort Bot., Lindley's term for a plant of the family Galiaceæ.
1763W. Lewis Philos. Comm. Arts 420 The colour hence produced [sc. by madder upon blue cloth] is called *madder⁓black.
1909L. A. Olney Textile Chem. & Dyeing ii. 58 The *Madder Bleach... In calico printing..where a particularly clear and white ground is desired this form of bleach is used.
1897A. Page Afternoon Ride 63 Ineffaceable *madder brown—a pigment lost to art.
1{ddd} Newminster Cartul. (1878) 237 Juxta pontem de le *Madercroft.
1816J. Smith Panorama Sci. & Art II. 536 The use of archil gives a..bloom to the *madder dye.
1899Mackail W. Morris II. 34 Water..required for *madder-dyeing.
1901Westm. Gaz. 30 Aug. 3/1 The *madder fields of Alsace, of Southern France, and of Algeria have practically ceased to exist.
1851in Illustr. Lond. News 5 Aug. (1854) 119/1 *Madder-grinder.
1758P. Miller Cultiv. Madder 35 The Dutch always sow Grain upon their *Madder Ground.
1822J. Imison Sci. & Art II. 411 *Madder-lake.
1851in Illustr. Lond. News 5 Aug. (1854) 119/1 *Madder-miller.
1616Browne Brit. Past. ii. iii. 59 The bowels of our mother were not ript For *Mader-pits.
1758P. Miller Cultiv. Madder 7 A *Madder Plant, that has many of these [side] Roots, is called a well bearded Madder Plant.
1881W. Morris in Mackail Life (1899) II. 53 The best hanging would be the inclosed *madder-printed cotton.
1838T. Thomson Chem. Org. Bodies 392 Sulphuric acid..throws down the *madder-purple.
1727–52Chambers Cycl. s.v. Red, *Madder red is dyed with madder.
1744Phil. Trans. XLI. 390 These Callicoe-printers make use of the Rubia Tinctorum, or *Madder-root. 1757Act 31 Geo. II, c. 35 §5 For preventing the stealing or destroying of Madder roots.
1758P. Miller Cultiv. Madder 12 In the *Madder Stoves, the People work more by Night than Day.
1839Ure Dict. Arts 224 The *madder style [of calico-printing]..in which the mordants are applied to the white cloth..and the colours are afterwards brought up in the dye-bath.
1836Lindley Nat. Syst. Bot. 249 Order cxxxix. Stellatæ, or Galiaceæ. The *Madder Tribe.
1845― Sch. Bot. (ed. 14) 77 Order xxxiv. Galiaceæ—*Madderworts, or Stellates.
▪ II. madder, n.2 Anglo-Irish.|ˈmædə(r)|
Also meadar, mether.
[a. Irish meadar.]
A square wooden drinking vessel.
1720Swift Irish Feast in Misc. (1735) V. 14 Usquebagh to our Feast In Pails was brought up, An hundred at least, And a Madder our Cup. 1832Lady Morgan Mem. (1862) II. 337 The ‘madder’ so often mentioned in Irish song was a wooden Tankard, made square. 1886W. G. Wood-Martin Lake Dwellings Irel. i. v. 103 ‘Meadar’, or ‘Mether’, is the Irish designation for a species of drinking-cup.
▪ III. madder, v.|ˈmædə(r)|
[f. madder n.1]
trans. To treat or dye with madder.
c1461E.E. Misc. (Warton Club) 90 To a dosyne of violettes viij pownde of Madyre..and loke ȝe madere theme as ȝe do ȝour redys. 1464Rolls of Parlt. V. 562/1 That the same Wolle and Cloth be perfitly boyled and madered. 1530Palsgr. 616/1, I madder clothe to be dyed... Your vyolet hath nat his full dye but he is maddered. 1763W. Lewis Comm. Philos. Techn. 405 The..regulations for the French Dyers..require the cloth, after it has been blued, to be maddered. 1811Self Instructor 539 They are maddered higher than black.
Hence ˈmaddered ppl. a., ˈmaddering vbl. n.
c1461E.E. Misc. (Warton Club) 88 At ȝoure Maderynge ȝe schall take of the same wateris. 1581Act 23 Eliz. c. 9 §2 Where Clothes Karsies & Hosen..have been died with..a galled & mathered Black. 1808Nicholson's Jrnl. XXI. 44 On the maddering of Cotton and Linen Thread. 1839Ure Dict. Arts 787 There next follows..the galling, the aluming, the maddering. |