| 释义 |
‖ macula|ˈmækjʊlə|
Pl. -æ.
[L.]
1. A spot or stain. Chiefly in scientific use: Astron. one of the dark spots in the sun; Min. a spot in a mineral due to the presence of particles of some other mineral; Ent. (see quot. 1826); Path. a spot or stain in the skin, now esp. one which is permanent; Anat. any of various structures which have the appearance of a spot; spec. the macula lutea (see below).
c1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 247 Macula is a wem in a mannys iȝe. 1690T. Burnet Th. Earth iii. xi. 97 The Body of the Sun may contract..some Spots or Maculæ greater than usual. 1722Quincy Lex. Physico-Med. (ed. 2) Macula, is applied by Physicians to express any Spots upon the Skin, whether those in Fevers, or scorbutick Habits. 1766Ann. Reg. 92/2 The spot or macula on the sun, mentioned to have appeared lately. 1802Playfair Illustr. Hutton. Theory 298 Rectangular maculæ of feltspar. 1826Kirby & Sp. Entomol. IV. 285 Macula (Macula), a larger indeterminately shaped spot. 1849Saxe Times 152 Their honoured name Bears..some maculae of shame. 1867–77G. F. Chambers Astron. i. i. 7 In the equatorial zones of the Sun dark spots or maculae. 1877Roberts Handbk. Med. (ed. 3) I. 111 The maculæ on the skin which are observed during life are frequently persistent after death. 1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VIII. 640 In all cases a deeply pigmented macula remains. 1901Phil. Trans. R. Soc. B. CXCIV. 74 Fundus oculi (right eye) of the Lemurine Douroucouli. The macula is present, but the macula ring has disappeared. 1932S. Zuckerman Social Life Monkeys x. 153 Since the eyes of the lower mammal are usually set more to the sides than to the front of the head..a specially sensitive area or macula is not developed. 1952Sci. News XXIII. 73 When an object is fixed, the eyes are directed towards it in such a way that it is focused on the central spot of the retina—the area for acute vision, known as the macula. 1964[see crista].
2. Anat. and Path. Used in various mod.L. collocations, as macula densa [(K. W. Zimmermann 1929, in Zeitschr. f. mikrosk.-anat. Forschung XVIII. 529), f. L. densus thick, dense], a small mass of cells of uncertain function closely associated with the juxtaglomerular cells; macula lutea [L. luteus yellow], an oval, yellowish area near the centre of the retina, where visual acuteness is most pronounced; the yellow spot.
1836–9R. B. Todd Cycl. Anat. & Physiol. II. 530/1 Its bottom..presents a sieve-like spot, macula cribrosa. 1848Dunglison Dict. Med. Sci. (ed. 7) 370/1 Foramen centrale et limbus luteus retinæ; the central foramen and yellow spot of the retina; discovered by Sömmering. Macula lutea. 1857Ibid. (rev. ed.) 560/2 Maculæ albæ, white spots, seen on serous membranes..and which appear to be the result of previous inflammatory action. 1942Lancet 3 Oct. 394/2 Zimmerman [sic] first recognised the different appearance of the cells of the distal tubule most closely applied to the afferent arteriole in its juxtaglomerular portion. In this part, the ordinary tubular cells seem aggregated, and become in some species much higher and more columnar. Because of this grouping together of nuclei, and the impression of increased density of epithelial cells produced, Zimmerman called this the macula densa. 1952Macula densa [see juxtaglomerular a.]. 1962Gray's Anat. (ed. 33) 1302 The pyramid and adjoining part of the elliptical recess [of the internal ear] are perforated by a number of holes (macula cribrosa superior). 1967G. M. Wyburn et al. Conc. Anat. viii. 206/2 In the centre of the retina is the yellow spot, the macula lutea. 1968Macula densa [see juxtaglomerular a.]. |