| 释义 |
Machiavellian, a. and n.|ˌmækɪəˈvɛlɪən|
Forms: 6 Macciavelian, 6–7 Mac(h)avil(l)ian, Machevelian, -vilian, Machivil(l)ian, 7 Macchiavilian, Matchia-, Matchievil(l)ian, 7–8 Machiavil(l)ian, 7–9 -velian, 6– Machiavellian.
[f. Machiavel or Machiavelli + -ian.]
A. adj. Of, pertaining to, or characteristic of Machiavelli, or his alleged principles; following the methods recommended by Machiavelli in preferring expediency to morality; practising duplicity in statecraft or in general conduct; astute, cunning, intriguing.
1579J. Stubbes Gaping Gulf C viij, Thys absurd manner of reasoning is very Macciauelian logick. 1592Greene Groat's W. Wit (1617) 35 Is it pestilent Machiuilian policie that thou hast studied? 1613Chapman Revenge Bussy D'Ambois Plays 1873 II. 159 These are your Macheuilian Villaines. 1631Gouge God's Arrows i. xix. 26 What got that Machivillian politician Achitophell. 1637–50Row Hist. Kirk (1842) 162 Divide et regna is an old Matchiavilian maxime and trick. 1653A. Wilson Jas. I 185 The true way of Treaties is with Christian, not Machiavelian policy. 1722W. Bond Ded. to Hartcliffe's Virtues 5 The refined Matchiavillian thinkers have..altered the very nature of ethicks. 1790Burke Fr. Rev. Wks. V. 158 Where men follow their natural impulses, they would not bear the odious maxims of a Machiavelian policy. 1848Thackeray Van. Fair xxiii, So this Machiavellian captain of infantry cast about him for some..stratagem. 1878E. Jenkins Haverholme 63 Conducting his party with Machiavellian subtlety.
B. n. A follower of Machiavelli; one who adopts Machiavelli's principles in statecraft or in general conduct.
1568Satir. Poems Reform. ix. 113 This false Machivilian. 1598Marston Pygmal. ii. 145 A damn'd Macheuelian Holds candle to the deuill for a while. 1608Willet Hexapla Exod. 320 Protagoras with the Machiauellians..were doubtful whether there were any God. 1647Husbandman's Plea agst. Tithes 91 Never any Machivilian, or cruell State Politician..could never have devised a more effectuall way. 1668R. Steele Husbandman's Calling vii. (1672) 187 He hath need of discretion..that he be neither monk nor Matchevillian. 1710Steele Tatler No. 193 ⁋3 During this Retreat the Machiavilian was not idle, but secretly fomented Divisions. 1814Scott Let. to J. B. S. Morritt 30 Apr., An awful lesson to sovereigns that morality is not so indifferent to politics as Machiavellians will assert.
Hence ˌMachiaˈvellianism, the principles and practice of Machiavelli or of the Machiavellians, the employment of cunning and duplicity in statecraft or in general conduct; an instance of this. † Machiaˈvellianize v., to practise Machiavellianism (Blount Glossogr. 1656). † Machiaˈvellianly adv., in a Machiavellian manner.
1626Bernard Isle of Man (1627) 104 The Bills of Inditement framed by those false informers..Formalitie..Machiavillianisme, Statisme..against Christian Conference. 1640Howell Dodona's Gr. 173 Behold a notable peece of machiavillianisme. 1660Evelyn News fr. Brussels Misc. Writ. (1805) 198 This impress he hath so Machiavelianly, and with such art and cunning, besprinkled and scattered over the whole paper. 1711W. King tr. Naude's Ref. Politics i. 19 The courts..where these Machiavilianisms are so common. 1882Palgrave in Grosart Spenser's Wks. IV. p. xxv, The Machiavellianism of the sixteenth century. |