| 释义 |
Macassar|məˈkæsə(r)|
[The name (in the native form Mangkasara) of a district in the island of Celebes.]
1. Macassar ebony, the dark-coloured wood of Diospyros celebica and related species from Celebes and the Andaman Islands. Macassar oil, an unguent for the hair, grandiloquently advertised in the early part of the 19th century, and represented by the makers (Rowland and Son) to consist of ingredients obtained from Macassar. The name has subsequently been given commercially to various natural products imported from the East, e.g. to the oils expressed from the seeds of Schleichera trijuga, Carthamus tinctorius, and the berries of Stadtmannia Sideroxylon. (Hence Macassar-oiled a., anointed with this oil.) Macassar poison, the gum of a tree, with which the Malays poison their arrows.
1666–7Phil. Trans. II. 417 Whether it be true, that the onely Antidote hitherto known, against the..Macassar⁓poison, is humane Ordure, taken inwardly? 1797Encycl. Brit. (ed. 3) X. 357/1 Macassar Poison,..called ippo in the Macassar and Malayan tongue. 1809Alex. Rowland jun. (title) Essay on..the Human Hair, with Remarks on the Virtues of the Macassar Oil. 1819Byron Juan i. xvii, In virtues nothing earthly could surpass her, Save thine ‘incomparable oil,’ Macassar! 1831E. J. Trelawny Adv. Younger Son III. 280 [The author professes to have met in Celebes with] the oleaginous extract from a fruit-tree, since that period become so notorious in Europe, (by name I mean,)—Macassar oil. 1842S. Lover Handy Andy x. 99 He ran his fingers through his Macassar-oiled ringlets. 1889G. S. Boulger Uses of Plants vii. 177 Those [sticks] most commonly cut out of the solid log are Oak..home-grown; Ceylon or Macassar Ebony..; and the Palmyra Palm. 1896Brannt Fats & Oils (ed. 2) II. 82 Macassar oil..is obtained from the seed of Schleichera trijuga..Considerable quantities of the oil were formerly imported, but what at present comes into commerce under the name of ‘macassar oil’ is mostly a mixture of cocoa-nut oil and ylang-ylang extract, coloured red with alkannin. 1920A. L. Howard Man. Timbers of World 76 (heading) Ebony, macassar... This wood is imported in large billets and round logs... The colour ranges from dark brown to black, and a large proportion of the logs are streaked with yellow or yellowish brown, some very handsomely figured pieces being occasionally found. 1936Nature 9 May 790/2 Counter front..in finely figured macassar ebony. 1947J. C. Rich Materials & Methods of Sculpture x. 288 Macassar ebony, or Coromandel,..is considered by many wood carvers to be inferior to African ebony. 1972Handbk. Hardwoods (Building Res. Establishment) (ed. 2) 68 In Macassar ebony pale to medium brown zones contrast with black wood.
2. Also Macasar, Makasar, Makassar, Mangkasar, Mungkasar. A native or inhabitant of Macassar; the name of their language. Also attrib. or as adj.
1808Asiatick Researches X. 194 The dialect of Mungkásar or Macassar, the bravest and most renowned of the Búgís tribes, differs..from the Búgís proper... I have formed a short radical vocabulary of both the Búgís and Mungkásar [languages]. 1816T. S. Raffles On Malayu Nation 125 To the collection that has already been made of the various laws and usages of the Malays, Sumatrans, Javanese, Bugis, Macasars and Sulus, may be added the compendium of the Muhammedan law of inheritance. 1817― Hist. Java II. xi. 162 By the aid of the Dutch..the Makásar chief was driven from his post. 1840J. Brooke Jrnl. 14 Feb. in R. Mundy Narr. Events Borneo & Celebes (1848) I. vii. 106 From his residence at Tetiagi..he transmits information to the Makassar government. 1886Misc. Papers relating to Indo-China (Straits Branch R. Asiatic Soc.) I. xii. 108 The descriptive catalogues of the extensive Bugis and Makassar literature..may now be consulted. 1911Encycl. Brit. V. 598/1 The Macassars are well-built and muscular, and have in general a dark-brown complexion. 1968Ibid. V. 132/2 They [sc. the Toradja tribe] came under a Bugis and Makasarese civilizing influence... The Bugis and Makasars..came into touch with Hindu culture in southern Celebes..and later were converted to Islam. Ibid. XIV. 654/1 Gaily coloured, plaited basketry is an outstanding feature of Makasarese markets... The people, the Mangkasaras or Makasars, are a branch of the Malay people, similar to but not identical with the Bugis, who inhabit the same region. |