| 释义 |
maar Geol.|mɑː(r)|
Pl. ‖ maare, maars.
[G. dial., ‘crater-lake’.]
a. (Usu. with capital initial.) One of the craters or crater-lakes of the Eifel district in Germany.
b. Any volcanic crater which does not lie in a cone and was formed by a single explosive event (and is usu. occupied by a lake).
1826Edin. Jrnl. Sci. V. 152 The craters of this country [sc. Prussia] have nearly, without exception, become bodies of water, or Maare, as they are called by the natives. Ibid. 154 To the S.E. of Steffler, lies a small maar, or crater-lake. Ibid. 156 The water in the three lakes appears to stand at the same level... One only, the Schalkenonchrener maar, has any visible outlet. 1882A. Geikie Text-bk. Geol. 560 Occasionally, as in some of the Maare of the Eifel, these non-volcanic fragments constitute most of the débris. 1895Bull. Philos. Soc. Washington XII. 251 The maars are of still rarer occurrence, and represent the antithetic phase of volcanism. 1933R. A. Daly Igneous Rocks & Depths of Earth viii. 161 Maars are relatively flat-floored craters of explosion at vents that are either coneless or else provided with inconspicuous cones. Ibid., Reck has recently published..fine illustrations of maars in Abyssinia. 1968R. W. Fairbridge Encycl. Geomorphol. 681/1 Maare sometimes resemble calderas. 1971Nature 30 July 330/2 The lake occupies the crater of a maar—a volcanic eruption crater lying below the general level of the surrounding country and surrounded by a low tuff ring. |