| 释义 |
▪ I. lump, n.1|lʌmp|
Also 4–6 lomp(e, lumpe, (5 lumppe).
[ME. lump; not found in the early Teut. dialects; cf. early mod.Du. lompe (now lomp) rag; Du. lomp, LG. lump adj., coarse, heavy, rude; Ger. (from Du. or LG.) lumpen rag, lump ragamuffin; Sw. lump (Da. 16th c.) rag is from Ger. A sense nearer to that of the Eng. word occurs in Da. (16th c.) lump(e lump, Norw. and Sw. dial. lump block, stump, log, lumpe a sort of cake.
The ulterior etymology is quite uncertain. Usually the word has been regarded as cogn. w. lap n.1 It might perh. be connected with OE. (ge)limpan, pa. pple. (ge)lumpen, to happen, the original notion being that of such a quantity as chance determines—such a portion as may offer itself, and not any measured or intentionally shaped piece.]
1. a. A compact mass of no particular shape; a shapeless piece or mass; often with implication of excessive size, protuberant outline, or clumsiness. Also ellipt., = lump of sugar.
a1300Cursor M. 2869 (Cott.) Men findes lumpes [Gött. lompis] on þe sand O þer [read with Gött. Of ter] nan finer in þat land. c1375Sc. Leg. Saints xliii. (Cecile) 461 [He] gert men with lumpis of led dyng hyme til he ves ded. c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) xii. 50 Men may find..grete lumppes þaroff, ȝa as grete as a hors, casten vp on þe land. 1426Lydg. De Guil. Pilgr. 17834, I put vp many a lompe off bred In-to my sak. 1508Kennedie Flyting w. Dunbar 462 Thow spewit, and kest out mony a lathly lomp. 1581G. Pettie tr. Guazzo's Civ. Conv. ii. (1586) 59 Wee must frame all the bodie in such sorte, that it seeme neither to bee of one whole immoueable lumpe, neyther yet to be altogether loosely disioynted. 1601Shakes. All's Well iii. vi. 30 When your Lordship sees..to what mettle this counterfeyt lump of ours [Theobald 1726 suggests oare] will be melted. 1656Cowley Pindar. Odes, Nemæan Ode v, Nature herself, whilst in the Womb he was, Sow'd Strength and Beauty through the forming Mass, They mov'ed the vital Lump in every part. 1728Pope Dunc. i. 102 So Watchful Bruin forms, with plastic care, Each growing lump, and brings it to a Bear. 1728E. Smith Compleat Housewife (ed. 2) 213 When 'tis fine draw it into dry Bottles, and put a Lump of Sugar into every Bottle. 1738Swift Pol. Conversat. 95 She gives the Child a lump of Sugar. 1860Tyndall Glac. ii. xxv. 365 A tin vessel filled with lumps of lead and iron as a weight. 1899H. James Awkward Age iii. xi. 101 Sugar?—isn't that the way to say it? Three lumps? 1901Speaker 5 Jan. 375/2 American methods of handling do not readily lend themselves to the preservation of the coal in large lumps. a1916‘Saki’ Toys of Peace (1919) 24 Little friendly questions about weak or strong tea, how much, if any, sugar, milk, cream, and so forth. ‘Is it one lump? I forgot.’ 1922H. S. Walpole Cathedral i. v. 85 No, I'm afraid I don't—thank you, Mrs. Sampson. One lump, please.
b. a lump in one's throat: (a) a swelling in the throat; (b) a feeling of tightness or pressure in the throat due to emotion. popular.
1803Med. Jrnl. IX. 552 She feeling a lump, to use her own expression, in her throat, which obstructed her swallowing. 1863Mrs. H. Wood Verner's Pride lvi. (1888) 361 A lump was rising in Lionel's throat. a1878Princess Alice in Biog. Sk. (1884) 34 A lump always comes into my throat when I think of it.
c. lump of clay: applied disparagingly to the human body, or to a person stigmatized as ‘soulless’.
a1400Cursor M. 27647 (Galba) Þou man þat in erth I say and wers þan a lump of clay. 1567Satir. Poems Reform. iii. 7 Ane King at euin, with Sceptur, Sword, and Crown, At morne bot ane deformit lumpe of clay. 1591Shakes. 1 Hen. VI, ii. v. 13 Yet are these Feet, whose strengthlesse stay is numme, Vnable to support this Lumpe of Clay. c1680Beveridge Serm. (1729) I. 338 Being freed from these lumps of clay,..we shall be made like to the glorious angels. 1763Churchill Gotham iii. 175 One of the herd, a lump of common clay, Inform'd with life, to die and pass away. [1855Tennyson Maud i. xvi. i, This lump of earth has left his estate The lighter by the loss of his weight.]
d. transf. and fig.
1576Fleming Panopl. Epist. 282 The man who is a lumpe or masse of foolishnesse, is the onely occasion of this motion. 1594Shakes. Rich. III, i. ii. 57 Blush, blush, thou lumpe of fowle Deformitie. 1624Middleton Game at Chess iv. iv. 81 Is it that lump of rank ingratitude. 1821Lamb Elia Ser. i. Old & New Schoolm., Some neglected lump of nobility or gentry. 1876Mozley Univ. Serm. ii. 26 We come across some obstinate lump of evil that will not give way.
e. A great quantity; a ‘lot’, ‘heap’. Also pl. ‘lots’, ‘heaps’. slang. or dial.
1523Skelton Garl. Laurel 733, I am not ladyn of liddyrnes with lumpis. 1549Coverdale, etc. Erasm. Par. James 25 He that is pressed with sondry lumpes of sorowes. 1713J. Warder True Amazons (ed. 2) 32 Now we are sure of a good lump of Honey. 1728P. Walker Life Peden (1827) 118 Nothing will convince this Generation but Judgments, and a surprising Lump of them upon the West of Scotland. 1841L. Hunt Seer (1864) 11 The merrier and happier they are in general, the greater the lumps of pain they can bear. 1869Blackmore Lorna D. xv, Colonel Harding owed him a lump of money. 1880Antrim & Down Gloss., Lump..(2) A quantity. ‘A lump of people’. 1896Farmer Slang s.v., ‘I like that a lump’.
f. = lump work (lump n.1 9). Of persons: those who contract to do work ‘in the lump’, i.e. for a lump sum.
[a1852H. Mayhew London Labour (1861) II. 330/1 The first man who agrees to the job takes it in the lump, and he again lets it to others in the piece.] 1902Eng. Dial. Dict. III. 691/1 You can do it either by the day or lump. 1969Daily Mail 3 Sept. 2/1 He then spelt out exactly how the thousands of ‘labour only’ sub-contractors—‘The Lump’ in building trade slang—deprive the Treasury of more than {pstlg}3 million a year. 1970Daily Tel. 27 May 11/1 In the building industry, the outgoing government argues, this employment of a quarter of a million men—known as ‘the Lump’ because it accepts a lump sum for its work and attends to its own tax and social insurance problems—has resulted in widespread tax and National Insurance evasion. 1972Times 21 Nov. 21/2 They attribute much of the confusion in the building ‘jungle’, as they often call it, to the operations of the ‘lump’, the growing number of labour-only sub-contractors and ‘self-employed’. 1973Guardian 22 Feb. 9/5 A Bill which would prohibit ‘lump’ labour in the building and construction industry was given a formal first reading in the Commons... There had been a definite increase in the lump in the past 10 years. 1974Shelter News Easter 3/2 Some companies already party to the agreement admit a limited use of lump labour and argue very convincingly that they have little choice if they are to meet completion dates.
g. U.S. slang. A parcel of food given to a tramp or vagrant. Cf. Eng. dial. lump, a luncheon (see E.D.D.).
1912D. Lowrie My Life in Prison ix. 105, I noticed he had a lump (lunch) with him. 1914Jackson & Hellyer Vocab. Criminal Slang 56 Lump, current chiefly amongst yeggs, hobos, and the indigent. A donation of victuals intended for consumption outside the house. 1926J. Black You can't Win vi. 67 She'll give you a sit-down for yourself, chances are, but bring back a ‘lump’ for us. 1931‘D. Stiff’ Milk & Honey Route xiv. 161 It may be that he has the boy along only to wash his clothes or to bum his lumps. 1967K. Allsop Hard Travellin' xviii. 214, I met a husky burly taking of his rest And he flagged me with a big lump and a can.
h. pl. Hard knocks, scolding.
1935Jrnl. Abnormal Psychol. XXX. 363 Lumps, get the, to [be] beaten up. 1949[see foot n. 29]. 1970J. H. Gray Boy from Winnipeg 32 My father would sit and take his verbal lumps, saying nothing. 1971B. Malamud Tenants 130 Now I take my lumps, he thought. Maybe for not satisfying Mary.
2. a. Applied spec. (chiefly fig. in Biblical use) to the mass of clay taken up by a potter or sculptor for one operation, and to the mass of dough intended for one baking.
1526Tindale Rom. ix. 21 Hath nott the potter power over the claye, even off the same lompe to make one vessell vnto honoure, and a nother vnto dishonoure? ― 1 Cor. v. 6 Knowe ye not that a lytell leven sowereth the whole lompe of dowe? [1611 leaueneth the whole lumpe.] a1633G. Herbert Church, Holy Comm., Before that sin turned flesh to stone And all our lump to leaven. 1643Shakes. Hen. VIII, ii. ii. 45 All mens honours Lie like one lumpe before him, to be fashion'd Into what pitch he please. 1847A. M. Gilliam Trav. Mexico 272 The meddlesome Puritan,..attempting to leaven the whole lump, will, I am afraid, often make the cake all dough. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) IV. 504 We have taken up a lump of fable, and have used more than we needed. 1884H. W. S. Secret Happy Life i. 14 The lump of clay would never grow into a beautiful vessel.
†b. Hence, allusively, the whole mass or quantity of anything. Also, the ‘mass’, ‘bulk’, great majority. Obs.
1576Fleming Panopl. Epist. 87 Now by this little crop, iudge you of the whole lumpe. 1659Fuller App. Inj. Innoc. ii. 14 Who..calleth the whole Lump of English Papists, the Catholick Party. 1674Hickman Hist. Quinquart. (ed. 2) 81 God had not such a love for the whole lump of mankind, as to [etc.]. 1709Steele Tatler No. 137 ⁋2 The Lump of these [Swearers] may, I think, be very aptly divided into the common Distinction of High and Low. 1711― Spect. No. 4 ⁋7 The thoughtless Creatures who make up the Lump of that Sex.
†3. An aggregate of units; a congeries, heap, clump, cluster; occas. a group (of persons). Obs.
1375Barbour Bruce xv. 229 About him slayne lay his menȝe All in a lump, on athyr hand. c1380Wyclif Wks. (1880) 447 Lordis of þis world þat mayntenen lumpis of þes ordris and þer housis and possessiouns. a1400Morte Arth. 2230 Thus he layes one þe lumppe, and lordlye þeme served. 1611Bible 1 Sam. xxv. 18 An hundred clusters [marg. Or, lumps] of raisins, and two hundred cakes of figges. ― 2 Kings xx. 7 Take a lumpe of figs. 1632Lithgow Trav. x. 469 Vermin, which lay crawling in lumps..about my body: yea, hanging in clusters about my beard. Ibid. x. 500 Lumpes of Wals, and heapes of stones. 1781Archer in Naval Chron. XI. 283 They [ships] drew up into a lump.
4. a. A protuberance, swelling, or excrescence, esp. one caused by disease or injury in an animal body.
c1475Pict. Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 784/16 Hec ffalaa, a lumpe of a walle. 1513Douglas æneis iv. ix. 87 The lump betuix the new born folis ene. 1631Googe's Heresbach's Husb. (ed. Markham) 237 The Camell with two lumpes upon the backe. 1738[see 5 f]. 1804Med. Jrnl. XII. 320 Hard lumps appeared on the spots which had been covered by the pustules. 1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VIII. 894 The growths [of Xanthoma] occur either as thin flat plates..or as nodules or lumps. Mod. I knocked my head and got a lump on my forehead.
b. Naut. (Cf. lumpy a. 1 b.)
1849N. Kingsley Diary (1914) 53 The farther north we get the more our anxiety is increased, as those big lumps are not quite eradicated from our minds yet. 1857C. Gribble in Merc. Marine Mag. (1858) V. 3 Ship..shipping heavy lumps of water on deck. 1865Athenæum 23 Sept. 414/1 He..chuckles over lumps of the sea. 1872Talmage Serm. 107 There was what sailors call ‘a big lump of a sea’.
5. Phrases with preps., belonging to the preceding senses.
†a. at a lump: in one mass; in a single piece or quantity.
b. by the lump (rarely by lump): = in the lump.
†c. by lumps: by instalments, piecemeal.
†d. in a lump: the whole together; all at once.
e. in the lump (occas. † in lump): taking things as a whole without regard to detail; in the mass; in gross; wholesale.
f. all of a lump: altogether, in a heap; also, swollen so as to appear one lump.
a.1596Bp. W. Barlow Three Serm. iii. 113 There are men.. to set out all at a lump in one day, not forethinking of an ensuing want. 1658–9Burton's Diary (1828) IV. 47, I shall not be against the Judges, or the officers sitting there, but not to give all things away at a lump. 1686tr. Chardin's Trav. Persia 337, I propounded to him to take all at a Lump, and never to make two Bargains. 1697tr. C'tess D'Annoy's Trav. (1706) 220 This prodigious quantity of Silver, which comes all at a lump, is spread over all the World.
b.1522MS. Acc. St. John's Hosp. Canterb., Paied for a certen of bryk by the lumpe of my lord of Seynt Gregorys xijd. 1699Bentley Phal. 383, I must now consider half a Dozen of Mr. B's Pages by the Lump. 1737Bracken Farriery Impr. (1757) II. 277, I would not by the Lump decry any Body of People. 1760–72tr. Juan & Ulloa's Voy. (ed. 3) I. 283 Other species of provisions are sold by the lump, without weight or measure. 1784R. Bage Barham Downs 257, ‘I accept of your conditions by the lump’, replies the Professor. 1864Slang Dict., Lump-work, work contracted for, or taken by the lump. 1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk. s.v., By the lump, a sudden fall out of the slings or out of the top; altogether.
c.1576Gascoigne Philomene xviii, Common peoples love by lumpes, And fancie comes by fits.
d.1640Lenthall in Rushw. Hist. Coll. (1721) IV. 18 Were we not all in a lump by them intended to be offered up to Moloch? 1666Temple Let. to Ld. Arlington Wks. 1731 II. 13 Whatever his Majesty's resolves to do, ought to be sudden, and in a Lump. 1709Steele Tatler No. 106 ⁋2, I..asked him, Whether he would..sell his Goods by Retail, or designed they should all go in a Lump? 1812Examiner 24 Aug. 542/1 If we..condemn, to use a vulgar expression, in a lump, we exasperate those whom we would wish to amend. 1825Bentham Ration. Reward 154 When reward, instead of being bestowed in a lump, follows each successive portion of labour. 1923H. G. Wells Men like Gods i. viii. 143 We shall all be..judged in a lump. 1934G. B. Shaw Too True to be Good Pref. 9 The unqualified assertion that the rich, in a lump, are miserable.
e.1624Bp. R. Montagu Immed. Addr. 133 All they..haue met with and obserued in lumpe. 1637R. Humfrey tr. St. Ambrose ii. 41 He chose rather to sell the corne..then to give it away in the lumpe. 1676G. Towerson Decalogue 22 How far they were from erring..I come now to shew, and that both in the lump and the retail. 1727Pope, etc. Art Sinking 86 A great genius takes things in the lump, without stopping at minute considerations. 1791Gentl. Mag. 20/1 The Whitfieldians railed at rector, curate, doctrine, service, &c. &c. all in the lump. 1848Mrs. Carlyle Lett. II. 28 Poor human creatures..I am heartily sorry for them, severally, and in the lump. 1901‘A. Hope’ Tristram of Blent x. 117 ‘You seem to dislike the daughter too..’ ‘Oh, I take the family in the lump’.
f.c1681Hickeringill Trimmer vi. Wks. 1716 I. 385 Answer them by lump, for they are all of a lump. 1708Nelson in Phil. Trans. XXVI. 141 The violence of the Thunder and Lightning..melted a Watch and the Chain all of a Lump. 1738Swift Pol. Conversat. 100 She must be hurt for certain..her head is all of a Lump. 1873Routledge's Yng. Gentl. Mag. Mar. 197 Oil-skin jacket and trousers,..and high boots, into which he dropped all of a lump.
6. Applied to persons.
a. As a term of opprobrium: A heavy, dull person. (Cf. 1 c.)
1597Pilgr. Parnass. i. 80 All foggie sleepers and all idle lumps. 1714Mandeville Fab. Bees ii. (1733) 159 What awkward Lumps have I known, which the Dancing-master has put limbs to! 1735Dyche & Pardon Dict., Lump,..a heavy, dull, unapprehensive Person. c1800K. White Athanatos 39 Poems (1830) 124 A sluggish senseless lump to lie. 1888A. Wardrop Poems & Sk. 202 The muckle diled lump didna like to spoil the nicht's performance.
b. A big sturdy creature. ? dial.
1630R. Johnson's Kingd. & Commw. iv. 509 He being a corpulent man presumed to follow his pleasures..At last, this lumpe was extinguished. 1842S. Lover Handy Andy viii. 76 They were comely lumps of girls. 1879G. F. Jackson Shropsh. Word-bk., Lump, a good-sized child... ‘How big are your children?’ ‘Oh, they bin lumps’. 1887Hall Caine Deemster xx, When we were lumps of lads.
7. Technical senses.
a. A bloom or loop of malleable iron.
[1686, etc.: see loop n.4 1.] 1875in Knight Dict. Mech.
b. A kind of paving brick or tile (see quot. 1881).
1787W. Marshall Norfolk (1795) II. 383 Lumps, barn⁓floor bricks. 1833Loudon Encycl. Cottage, etc. Archit. §599 The Welsh or Stourbridge lumps at the sides should form with those of the back an angle of forty-five degrees or upwards. 1881Young Every Man his own Mechanic §1224 ‘Lumps’ which are thicker than tiles range in size from 12 in. to 36 in.
c. A barge or lighter used in dockyards.
1796Lond. Chron. 2 June 528 A lump from the dockyard has this moment conveyed three new cables on an end to the Hind. 1858Simmonds Dict. Trade, Lumps,..dock⁓yard barges. 1867in Smyth Sailor's Word-bk.
d. In firearms: (a) The nipple-seat on a gun-barrel; (b) ‘In a break-joint breech-loader, an iron block on the barrel which descends into a recess in the action’ (Cent. Dict.).
1844Regul. & Ord. Army 106 A new lump for swivel, brazed and fitted on carbine. 1875‘Stonehenge’ Brit. Sports i. i. ii. §1. 27 The accident which sometimes occurs when from defective brazing the barrels and the lump part company. 1881Greener Gun 198 A steel lump placed underneath the barrels, which engages in the face of the breech-action when the gun is closed.
e. Calico woven in long lengths.
1897Textile Stocks & Ex. Gaz. 25 Oct., 150 lumps 9/8 Shirtings.
f. Mining, S. Staffordsh. (See quot.)
1883Gresley Gloss. Coal-mining, Lumps, coal of largest size by one.
8. slang. The workhouse (see also quot. 1933).
1874Hotten Slang Dict. 219 Lump, the workhouse; also called the Pan. 1898J. D. Brayshaw Slum Silhouettes 146 If Sal can't bury me, the ‘Lump’'ll have to. 1933‘G. Orwell’ Down & Out xxxii. 236 These..are some of the cant words now used in London... The lump—the casual ward. 1972G. F. Newman You Nice Bastard 347 In the lump, in the workhouse.
9. attrib. and Comb.: lump-lac, lump-tobacco; lump-account, an account in which items are ‘lumped’ together without particulars or details; lump-coal (see quot. 1881); † lump cotton, some species of cotton plant, prob. Gossypium barbadense; lump gold, gold in nuggets; † lump-love, ? cupboard-love; lump stone (see quot.); lump sugar, loaf sugar broken into lumps or cut into cubes; lump-sugary a., suggestive of lump-sugar; lump sum, a sum which covers or includes a number of items; lump work, work which is contracted for ‘in the lump’.
a1700B. E. Dict. Cant. Crew, Dutch Reckoning,..a verbal or *Lump-account without particulars.
1877Raymond Statist. Mines & Mining 288 The combustion is far more perfect than can be brought about with *lump-coal. 1881― Mining Gloss. s.v. Coal, Lump [coal] includes the largest lumps as they come from the mine.
1640Parkinson Theat. Bot. 1552 Gossipium, The Cotton tree or plant..2 Gossipium frutescens annum [sic]. The bush of *lumpe Cotton. 1657W. Coles Adam in Eden clxxiv, The bush of lump cotton..riseth out of the ground with an upright stemme.
1898Daily News 28 Jan. 5/7 Where it crosses the creeks, *lump gold is plentiful.
1815Kirby & Spence Introd. Entomol. I. x. 317 In this country..it is distinguished by the names..*Lump-lac when melted and made into cakes. 1873Beeton's Dict. Commerce s.v. Lac, Lump lac is the deposit [of lac] formed into cakes. 1909Chambers's Jrnl. Sept. 585/2 The body has a dry, lump-sugary appearance.
17..Old Song (N.), Now he ate, and he drank, and he kiss'd, and he toy'd, And all the delights of *lump-love he enjoy'd.
1829Glover's Hist. Derby i. 91 There are lamellar gritstone of this class, capable of sustaining great heat; these are formed into round plates, called pye, pot, or *lump stones, and are used in the iron forges.
1657R. Ligon Barbadoes (1673) 95 Making it into whites, which is that we call *Lump-Sugar in England. 1731P. Shaw Three Ess. Artif. Philos. 31 The Art of refining Sugar into the different kinds of Clay'd, Lump, Loaf, &c. 1854Dickens Hard T. ii. vi. 184 The bread was new and crusty, the butter fresh, and the sugar lump.
1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., *Lump sum, a full payment of arrears, and not by periodical instalments of money. 1883T. Hardy in Longm. Mag. July 266 He..receives a lump sum of 2l. or 3l. for harvest work. 1900J. T. Fowler in Durham Acc. Rolls (Surtees) 729 The rents of each place are entered in a lump sum.
1851C. Cist Sk. Cincinnati in 1851 244 Charles Bodmann..manufactures *lump tobacco.
1851Mayhew Lond. Labour (1864) II. 373/2 The natural tendency is for piecework to pass into *lump-work. Ibid. 374/2 ‘Lump’ work, ‘piece’ work, work by ‘the job’, are all portions of the contract system. The principle is the same. 1892Star 17 Mar. 3/3 There are three systems of payment—day work, piece work, and lump work; and lump work is the curse of the lot.
▪ II. lump, n.2|lʌmp|
Also 6–7 lumpe, 7 lompe.
[Found also as MLG. lumpen (Diefenbach), MDu. lompe, G. lump, lumpfisch, F. lompe; hence mod.L. (specific name) lumpus, It., Sp. lumpo. By foreign etymologists it has commonly been supposed to be of Eng. origin, a use of lump n.1, with reference to the bulky figure of the fish; but the Du. and LG. forms are known from earlier examples than the Eng. Cf. Du. lomp heavy.]
1. A spiny-finned fish of a leaden-blue colour and uncouth appearance, Cyclopterus lumpus, characterized by a suctorial disk on its belly with which it adheres to objects with great force (whence its name of lump sucker); the sea-owl.
The arctic species is C. spinosus.
1545Elyot Dict., Faber, a fyshe of the Spanyshe sea..is lyke to be that fyshe, whyche is called a lump. 1591Lyly Endimion iii. iii, For fish these; crab, lumpe, and powting. 1601Holland Pliny II. 428 The Lompe, Paddle or sea-Owle, a fish called in Latin orbis. 1655Moufet & Bennet Health's Improv. (1746) 247 Lumps are of two sorts, the one as round almost as a Bowl, the other resembling the Fillets of a Calf. a1672[see cock-paddle]. 1828Fleming Hist. Brit. Anim. 190. 1844 Knickerbocker XXIV. 471 We discussed the merits of dun-fish,..lump, halibut,..and trout. 1867[see bagaty, baggety]. 1969A. Wheeler Fishes Brit. Isles & N.-W. Europe 345 (heading) Lumpsucker (Sea Hen, Hen-fish, Lump).
2. Comb.: lump-fish, lump sucker, = 1.
1620Venner Via Recta iv. 76 Lompe-fish. The Lumpe or Lompe, is a fish so named from his shape and likenesse, and is in taste agreeable to the name. 1743Parsons in Phil. Trans. XLII. 385 The Phoca..is rather like a Lump⁓fish, and almost triangular. 1835Kirby Hab. & Inst. Anim. II. xvii. 121 Under the name of lump-fishes I include all those whose ventral fins unite to form a disk or sucker by which they are enabled to adhere to the rocks. 1885C. F. Holder Marvels Anim. Life 21 The lump-fish is..accredited with being a nest builder. 1969H. Horwood Newfoundland 223 A lumpfish that I weighed on a pier-head in Conception Bay a few years ago went over thirty pounds. 1972Country Life 30 Nov. 1541/3 You can afford to entertain with the real thing [sc. Sevruga caviar] and not pass off Danish Lumpfish roe (dyed black) as a substitute. 1974Observer (Colour Suppl.) 15 Dec. 76/2 The lumpfish, known also as the cock- or hen⁓paddle on account of the thick crest shaping its back, is a creature of character. Ibid., There is lumpfish caviare, which comes dyed black, and pearly, in small glass pots from Iceland and Denmark. 1766Pennant Zool. (1776) III. 117 Lump sucker. 1836Yarrell Brit. Fishes (1859) II. 343 The Lump Sucker is remarkable for its very grotesque form. 1883Fisheries Exhib. Catal. (ed. 4) 105 A Lump Sucker, caught at S. Leonards. 1959A. Hardy Fish & Fisheries x. 193 Another surprise in this first haul was a lumpsucker Cyclopterus lumpus which I had previously decided to leave out of the book, thinking it to be an entirely coastal species... Its body is covered with little protuberances giving it a somewhat toad-like appearance; but it is bright with a pink hue on its lower parts. 1974Observer (Colour Suppl.) 15 Dec. 76/2 They [sc. the female lumpfish] swim off leaving the males in charge, who cling to the rock by means of a suction disc between the pelvic fins—hence yet another name, lumpsucker.
▪ III. lump, v.1 Now dial.|lʌmp|
In 6 lompe.
[Cf. the synonymous lamp (see E.D.D.) and Du. lompen.]
trans. To beat, thresh; to beat or thresh out. Also absol., to thresh.
1546J. Heywood Prov. (1867) 47 But what neede we lumpe out loue at ones lashyng. 1550Coverdale Spir. Perle vi. (1588) 75 As the..laundresse washeth, beateth, lompeth, and clappeth the foule vnclenly and defiled clothes. 1821Clare Vill. Minstr. I. 65 Delving the ditch..Or lumping corn out in a dusty barn. Ibid. II. 31 The thresher once lumping, we heard him no more. 1847Halliwell, Lump. (1) To beat severely. Var. dial.
▪ IV. lump, v.2|lʌmp|
[Of symbolic sound; cf. dump, glump, grump, hump, mump.]
1. intr. To look sulky or disagreeable. (In early quots. always in collocation with lour.)
1577Stanyhurst Descr. Irel. in Holinshed Chron. (1807–8) VI. 5 They stand lumping and lowring..for that they imagine that their evill lucke proceedeth of him. 1581Rich Farewell Dd iv b, She beganne to froune, lumpe, and lowre at her housebande. 1593Tell-Troth's N.Y. Gift 19 At home they will lumpe and lower. 1594Lodge Wounds Civ. W. iv. i. F 2, How fare these Lords that lumping pouting proud Imagine how to quell me with their lookes? 1847Halliwell, Lump..(3) To be or look sulky. Devon.
2. trans. In antithesis with like: To be displeased at (something that must be endured). colloq.
1833Neal Down Easters I. vii. 104 Let 'em lump it if they don't like it. 1835–40Haliburton Clockm. Pref. (1862) 6 A man that would be guilty of such an action is no gentleman, that's flat, and if you don't like it you may lump it. 1878Mrs. Stowe Poganuc P. xi. 94, I'll buy clothes as I see fit, and if anybody don't like it, why they may lump it, that's all. 1893Grant Allen in R. Blathwayt's Interviews Pref. 11 Whether we like him or lump him, he [the Interviewer] is master of the situation.
▪ V. lump, v.3|lʌmp|
[f. lump n.1
Cf. lumping ppl. a. 2, which occurs much earlier than the verb.]
1. trans.
a. To melt down into a lump.
b. To form or raise into lumps.
c. To cover with lumps.
1797M. Robinson Walsingham (1805) IV. xc. 256 Topas nicked the family plate, and has lumped it by this time, with my pink diamond into the bargain. 1852Meanderings of Mem. I. 12, I the mattress spread, And equal lay whatever lumps the bed. 1879G. Meredith Egoist xxiii, An old cuirass..lumped with a strange adhesive concrete. 1893Earl Dunmore Pamirs II. 293 Ploughed fields, one of which was ‘lumped up’ for melon planting, each lump a mound about two feet high.
2. To put altogether in one ‘lump’, mass, sum, or group, without discrimination or regard for particulars or details; to take, consider, or deal with ‘in the lump’.
a. simply. spec. in Taxonomy: To classify (plants and animals) without using minute variations as a basis for the establishment of a large number of different species or genera. Cf. lumper n. 3.
1624Bp. R. Montagu Immed. Addr. 84 They agree not long with and amongst themselues,..let them be lumped or consorted as they would haue it, as they please. 1721C. King Brit. Merch. I. 223 They are as much out in their Estimation..as they are in their other goods, which they lump at above 480000l. whereas they amount only to 168884l. 1781F. Burney Diary Mar., I have been..provokingly interrupted in writing this, that I must now finish it by lumping matters at once. 1840Marryat Poor Jack xiii, They always lump the petty officers and common seamen. 1852H. C. Watson Cybele Britannica III. 8 Early training under the late Professor Graham, and geographical convenience, are very likely to have given to me..a predisposition to ‘lump’ species. 1884Browning Ferishtah, Camel-Driver, Man lumps his kind i' the mass. God singles thence Unit by unit. 1893Lydekker Horns & Hoofs 75 Dr. Gray (who certainly did not err on the side of ‘lumping’ species). 1945A. Young Prospect of Flowers xx. 151 Our Village Schoolmistress carries lumping to an extreme degree. 1962Mackworth-Praed & Grant Birds S. Third Afr. I. p. xi, It will be noted that we have not followed the modern trend of ‘lumping’ species and that we keep specific rank in this work for more birds than is usual nowadays. 1973Nature 30 Mar. 353/1 The general absence of subgenera and species groups [in Chiarelli's classification of primates], combined with some tendency to ‘lump’ has meant the virtual disappearance of certain significant distinctions.
b. to lump together (occas. lump up).
1692Sir T. P. Blount Ess. 103 Take the World in Gross, and lump it together. 1726Ayliffe Parergon 82 A compensation of Expences ought to be made, that is to say in English, the Expences ought to be lump'd together and divided. 1856Maxwell in Life viii. (1882) 239 A tendency in the human mind to lump up all causes, and give them an aggregate name. 1895F. Harrison in 19th Cent. Aug. 314 All systems of unorthodox philosophy are lumped together by him as mere forms of contemporary superstition.
c. to lump (together) in or into, occas. under.
1703De Foe Freeholder's Plea agst. Stockjobbing Elections Misc. 182 Our Liberties and Armies, and Fleets, and Parliaments, and Nation, are not Lump'd into Bargains. 1839J. Sterling Ess., etc. (1848) I. 326 Mr. Carlyle lumps under the same condemnation all introspection of a man's being. 1883Sir J. Bacon in Law Rep. 27 Ch. Div. 511 The premium and the principal are lumped in one sum. 1902Bond Lyly's Wks. II. 249 The..earlier work which I have lumped together under the wide title of Moralities.
d. to lump (something) into or (in) with (something else): see 2.
1796Bentham Prot. agst. Law Taxes (1816) 56 It comes lumped to him in the general mass of law charges: a heap of items, among which no vulgar eye can ever hope to discriminate. 1831T. L. Peacock Crotchet C. viii. Farmer Seedling lumps it in with his tithes... Lumps it in, sir! Lump in a charitable donation! 1857Hughes Tom Brown i. viii, ‘I won't’, said Tom,..lumping them all in his mind with his sworn enemy. 1874G. J. Whyte-Melville Uncle John II. xviii. 193 The General lumped him in with a body of dancing men..he was pleased to call the Light Brigade.
3.
†a. To pay in a lump sum. Obs. rare.
1755Mem. Capt. P. Drake I. xv. 147 The Turnkey proposed to us, to lump (as he called it) the coming down Money.
b. To lay the whole of (a particular sum of money) on a single object.
1864Derby Day iii. 32 He lumped it all upon an outsider, and backed him to win the Chester Cup. 1872Besant & Rice Ready Money Mort. v, If I only had a dollar in the world..I'd lump it all on my system.
4. intr. To collect together into a lump; to be formed or raised into lumps.
1720Robie in Phil. Trans. XXXI. 122 [To] cause the Ashes to lump or clodder together. 1852C. Morfit Tanning & Currying (1853) 397 Leather thus made..does not lump under the hammer. 1856Symonds in H. F. Brown Biog. (1895) I. 82, I have a new cover and cushion made for my chair. It is much fatter and more comfortable than the old one, which used to lump up all in a heap.
5. To move heavily, ‘stump’ along; to drop down like a lump.
1861F. W. Robinson No-Church Prol. (1863) 4 The old woman gave a snort like a sea-horse, lumped down in her bed, and drew her counterpane over her head. Ibid. viii. 61 He scrambled up with an oath, lumped down again in a sitting posture, and stared before him stupidly. 1879G. Meredith Egoist I. Prel. 4 They lump along like the old lob-legs of Dobbin the horse.
6. (Influenced by lumper n. 1.) To act as a lumper, to load or unload cargoes. Hence, (colloq.) to carry or shift (something heavy) about.
1890Barrère & Leland Dict. Slang II. 33/2 (Thieves), to lump the lighter, to be transported. In this case to lump signifies to load. 1905Westm. Gaz. 10 Oct. 10/1 He..soon had the squad of irregulars at hard work ‘lumping’ as heartily as any gang of dock labourers. 1911‘Kiwi’ On Swag 14 For a month or so [I] was lumping on the wharf at the Spit. 1925A. B. Armitage Cadet to Commodore vi. 43, I earned sixteen shillings a week by ‘lumping’ in the docks. 1946K. Tennant Lost Haven (1947) xiii. 201 ‘I promised her a salmon.’ He felt a fool lumping the great thing about. |