| 释义 |
▪ I. lucern1 Obs. exc. Hist.|l(j)uːˈsɜːn|
Forms: 6 luzarne, lyserne, 6–7 lusern, luzern(e, 7 leuz-, lewzerne, lewxern, lucirne, luseran, 7– lucern(e.
[Prob. a. early mod.G. lüchsern adj., pertaining to the lynx, f. luchs lynx (see loss2); the word was app. introduced as a name for the fur of the lynx; for a similar instance of an adjective becoming a n., cf. marten.
The spelling lewxerne (quot. 1662), if not a misprint, is conclusive evidence in favour of this derivation. Etymologists have usually supposed the word to be an alteration of the OF. loucerve, leuserve, female lynx, a fem. of unexplained from corresponding to the masc. loup-cervier repr. L. lupus cervārius (Pliny) lynx, lit. ‘stag-hunting wolf’ (lupus wolf, cervārius adj. f. cervus stag). But this hypothesis does not account for the form of the Eng. word, nor can it be satisfactorily referred to the OF. loup cervin (as if L. *lupus cervīnus = lupus cervarius) of which Godef. gives one example. Possibly there may have been in OF. a confusion between loup-cervier and an adopted Teut. synonym.]
1. The lynx.
b. The skin or fur of the lynx, formerly held in high esteem.
1532–3Act 24 Hen. VIII, c. 13 §1 Ne also weare..any Furres of Blake Jenettes or Luserns. 1536Wardr. Acc. Hen. VIII in Archæologia IX. 249 With twelve lusarne skynnes. 1549in Egerton Papers (Camden) 11 That no man under the degree of an Erle, weare..any..sabel, luzarnes, or black genetes. 1578Parkhurst Let. in Hakluyt's Voy. (1600) III. 133 There are many other kinds of beasts, as Luzarnes and other mighty beastes like to Camels in greatnesse. 1585Sir W. Dixie's Pageant in Nichols Progr. Q. Eliz. I. 446 A straunger, straungly mounted, as you see, Seated upon a lusty Luzern's back. 1591G. Fletcher Russ. Commw. 10 Their beasts of strange kinds are the Losh, the Ollen,..the Lyserne, the Beauer, the Sable [etc.]. c1611Chapman Iliad xi. 417 As when a den of bloodie Lucerns [orig. θῶες] cling About a goodly palmed Hart. 1617Middleton Love & Antiq. Wks. (Dyce) V. 288 The Triumphant Chariot of Love..drawn with two luzerns. 1622Fletcher Beggars Bush iii. iii, The Polcat, Marterne and the rich skind Lucerne. 1628Dekker Brit. Hon. Wks. 1873 IV. 105 Two Luzernes, The Supporters of the Skinners Armes. 1662Stat. Irel. (1765) II. 406 Lewxerns skins the piece {pstlg}2 10s. 0d. 1698A. Brand Emb. Muscovy to China 59 Hereabouts are abundance of Lucerns and Sables, which are in great esteem among the Chineses. 1727Bailey vol. II, Lucern, a wild beast in Russia.
¶2. Used by Chapman for: A kind of hunting dog. (Cf. quot. c 1611 in 1.)
1607Chapman Bussy d'Ambois iii. Dram. Wks. 1873 II. 43 Let me haue My lucerns too (or dogges inur'd to hunt Beasts of most rapine).
▪ II. † lucern2 Obs.
[App. an erron. extension of luce1, after prec.]
The full-grown pike; = luce1.
1615Markham Pleas. Princes iv. (1635) 23 The Luce or Lucerne, which indeed is but the over-growne Pyke. |