| 释义 |
▪ I. zinc, n.|zɪŋk|
Forms: 7–9 zink, (7 zinke, 7–8 zinck), 8– zinc.
[ad. G. zink (of obscure origin), whence also late 17th c. F. zinc († zinch, † zin, † zain), Sw., Da. zink, etc., mod.L. zincum.]
1. a. A hard bluish-white metal (commercially known as spelter), brittle at ordinary temperatures, but malleable and ductile between 200° and 250°F.; obtained from various ores, esp. the sulphide (blende), the carbonate and silicate (calamine, smithsonite), and the red oxide (zincite), and used for roofing, for coating or ‘galvanizing’ sheet-iron, and for numerous other purposes; it forms several alloys, of which the best known is that with copper called brass. Chemical symbol Zn; atomic weight 65.
1651French Distill. v. 139 Any sulphurous, and imperfect metall, as Iron, Copper, or Zinke. 1731–3P. Shaw Chem. Lect. xviii. (1755) 409 We took six Ounces of Copper, and melted it in a Wind-Furnance, added to it an Ounce of Zink. 1813Sir H. Davy Agric. Chem. ii. (1814) 48 Zinc is one of the most combustible of the common metals. 1871Tyndall Fragm. Sci. (1879) II. xiv. 344 The metal zinc may be burnt in oxygen. 1878Browning Poets Croisic viii, Zinc's uncontrolled Flake-brilliance.
b. (with pl.) A plate of zinc used as the electropositive metal in a voltaic battery. (Cf. zincode.)
1876Preece & Sivewright Telegraphy 29 If the zincs are scraped clean and the solution of sal-ammoniac kept up.
c. Galvanized iron. Chiefly S. Afr. and W. Indies. Cf. zinc roof in sense 2 c below.
1873F. Boyle To Cape for Diamonds xix. 252 These hoppers are made of perforated zinc, or wire, the latter being preferable. 1953R. Mais Hills were Joyful Together i. vi. 57 Surjue went through a zinc fence—through a hinged zinc sheet in a zinc fence that looked like a solid stretch of iron sheeting down one side of a lane. 1973Eastern Province Herald (Port Elizabeth) 23 Jan., The brazier, zink bath and cooking utensils..were obtained from Coloureds in the area. 1977Daily Express 29 Jan. 7/3 All six members of the cast take turns to strip off and bathe in a zinc bath.
d. The zinc-covered bar of a café or public house; by metonymy, a café. (A gallicism.)
191419th Cent. Feb. 286 Elections are made or marred chez le marchand de vin, or, as the Parisians familiarly call him, le mastroquet... The ‘organised democracy marching towards the good of progress and liberty, etc.’..is in reality nothing else than the disorganised and demoralised plebs marching towards the zinc of the mastroquet. a1936Kipling Something of Myself (1937) iv. 81 My barmaid..had watched it [sc. evil] across the zinc she was always swabbing off. 1948W. Fortescue Beauty for Ashes xx. 148 We even supplied a little bar with a zinc and a motherly Frenchwoman to look after it. 1965V. Canning Whip Hand xii. 138, I..tottered to the nearest zinc, and called for a triple cognac. 1979A. M. Stein Rolling Heads vi. 103 The last of the cafés shut down—it was a laborers' zinc down a back street.
2. attrib. and Comb.
a. attrib. Made or consisting of zinc, as zinc dish, zinc filings, zinc gauze, zinc plate, zinc wire; containing or made with zinc, as zinc amalgam, zinc bath, zinc-lining, zinc lotion, zinc ointment, zinc ore, zinc plaster; spec. in names of chemical compounds, as zinc carbonate, zinc oxide, zinc salt, etc.; pertaining to or used in connexion with zinc, as zinc furnace.
b. objective and instrumental, as zinc-etching, zinc printing, zinc-worker; zinc-coated, zinc-covered, zinc-lined, zinc-plated, zinc-roofed, zinc-topped adjs.c. Spec. comb.: zinc-air a., applied to a type of primary cell employing a zinc anode, a porous carbon cathode able to utilize atmospheric oxygen, and an alkaline electrolyte; zinc-alum, -amide (see quots.); zinc-blende, native zinc sulphide = blende; zinc-bloom [tr. G. zinkblüthe (Karsten, 1808)], hydrous carbonate of zinc, hydrozincite; zinc chloride, a white, crystalline, deliquescent solid, ZnCl2, used as a preservative, a flux, and in Leclanché cells; zinc chromate, a toxic, yellow, water-insoluble powder, ZnCrO4, used as a pigment; zinc chrome = zinc yellow below; zinc-dust, zinc in the form of fine powder (often mixed with zinc oxide and other impurities), obtained by grinding, or in the extraction of zinc from its ores, and used as a deoxidizing agent and as a paint (see zinc-grey); zinc-foil, thin sheet zinc; zinc green, a mixture of zinc and cobalt oxides used as a pigment; zinc-grey, (a) zinc-dust obtained by grinding in oil, used as a preservative paint for ironwork; (b) a colour resembling that of zinc; zinc-iron, n. an alloy of zinc and iron; adj. consisting of zinc and iron; zinc-plate = zinc-foil; zinc-powder = zinc-dust; zinc roof S. Afr. and W. Indies, a corrugated roof of galvanized iron; zinc spar, an old name for native zinc carbonate (= calamine, smithsonite 2); zinc-spinel = gahnite (Dana Min. 1868); zinc-sponge (see quot.); zinc sulphide, (U.S.) sulfide, a yellow, water-insoluble powder, ZnS, used as a pigment and as a phosphor; zinc-vitriol, sulphate of zinc, white vitriol (Jameson Syst. Min., 1805, II. 35); zinc white, oxide of zinc used as a white paint; zinc yellow, a greenish-yellow pigment consisting principally of zinc chromate.
1970C. L. Mantell Batteries & Energy Systems vi. 63 These portable *zinc-air batteries are being used in man⁓pack transceivers, night vision devices, and space satellite communications. 1978Jrnl. Electrochem. Soc. CXXV. 333c/2 The Gould zinc-air button cell is..used in hearing aids and other devices which require a moderately high current.
1851Watts tr. Gmelin's Handbk. Chem. V. 46 Sulphate of Alumina and Zinc-oxide.—*Zinc-alum = ZnO,SO3 + Al2O3,3SO3 + 24Aq.
1839Ure Dict. Arts 166 Dilute muriatic acid, containing some wine stone and *zinc amalgam.
1859Watts tr. Gmelin's Handbk. Chem. XIII. 503 Action of Zinc-ethyl on Ammonia..after a little while, *zinc-amide NH2Zn separates out.
1843R. J. Graves Syst. Clin. Med. xxvii. 339 During the year 1827, the venereal patients took on the whole 14 saline baths, 38 *zinc baths.
1842T. Graham Elem. Chem. 573 The principal ores of zinc are calamine..and *zinc blende.
Ibid. 575 The mineral substance, *zinc bloom.
1851Watts tr. Gmelin's Handbk. Chem. V. 9 The precipitated *zinc-carbonate is washed..by subsidence and decantation.
1851H. Watts tr. Gmelin's Hand-bk. Chem. V. xxviii. 32 ZnCl, 9ZnO..[is prepared] by precipitating aqueous *zinc-chloride with an insufficient quantity of ammonia and filtering immediately. 1911Encycl. Brit. XXVIII. 984/1 Zinc chloride, ZnCl2, is produced by heating the metal in dry chlorine gas, when it distils over as a white translucent mass. 1981Brady & Holum Fund. Chem. xx. 700 Zinc chloride, which is exceptionally soluble in water.., has a range of uses that extend from embalming, to fireproofing lumber, to the refining of petroleum.
1851H. Watts tr. Gmelin's Hand-bk. Chem. V. xxviii. 48 The crystals..really consisted of ordinary zinc-sulphate containing small quantities of *zinc-chromate intimately bound up with them. 1974Encycl. Brit. Macropædia IV. 571/2 Zinc yellow, a basic zinc chromate, is used as a corrosion-inhibiting primer on aircraft parts fabricated from aluminum or magnesium.
1892G. H. Hurst Painters' Colours, Oils, & Varnishes iv. 132 *Zinc chrome is a yellow pigment of good colour and body. 1963Times 22 Apr. 6/5 Zinc chromes, with zinc chromate as the major constituent, form an important class of pigments.
1930Jrnl. Iron & Steel Inst. CXXI. 749 An investigation of the corrosion fatigue of *zinc-coated steel specimens. 1981M. C. Smith Gorky Park iii. iv. 361 The sables..climbed zinc-coated mesh walls.
1890A. Conan Doyle Firm of Girdlestone xxx. 238 A very seedy-looking individual..was leaning with his elbows upon the *zinc-covered counter.
1883Hardwich's Phot. Chem. (ed. 9) 330 *Zinc dishes must not be used.
1877Jrnl. Chem. Soc. I. 468 Action of *Zinc-dust on the Chlorides of Sulphoparabromobenzoic Acid.
1890W. J. Gordon Foundry 216 In the *zinc-etching systems the gelatin is spread on the zinc.
1809J. Murray Syst. Chem. (ed. 2) III. 305 The concrete phosphoric acid, heated with *zinc-filings, is decomposed.
1851Watts tr. Gmelin's Handbk. Chem. V. 4 To obtain zinc-plate, or *zinc-foil, the metal cast in a tabular form is heated in a boiling solution of common salt, and then passed between rollers.
1878Ure's Dict. Arts IV. 1006 *Zinc Furnace for the Distillation of Zinc combined with Lead.
1844H. Stephens Bk. Farm I. 214 The windows should be protected..with fly *zinc-gauze.
1847Brit. Pat. 11,616 5 Processes for manufacturing on a large scale zinc yellow..and *zinc green. 1973E. Lalor in T. C. Patton Pigment Handbk. I. 850/1 Much of the zinc yellow manufactured was mixed with Prussian blue to make various shades of a permanent zinc green.
1881Raymond Mining Gloss., *Zinc-gray, see Zinc-dust. 1900Westm. Gaz. 11 Jan. 3/2 Zinc grey is very much worn.
1849Noad Electricity (ed. 3) 177 The *zinc-iron circuit. 1868Dana Min. (ed. 5) 149 Kreittonnite, or Zinc-Iron Gahnite.
1882Encycl. Brit. XIV. 385/2 The leather is rolled and compressed on a level *zinc-lined wooden bed.
1912C. N. Moody Saints of Formosa vi. 132 Boxes had to be made or furnished with *zinc-lining.
1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VIII. 522 *Zinc lotions.
1843R. J. Graves Syst. Clin. Med. xxvi. 332 *Zinc ointment.
1808*Zinc ore [see gahnite]. 1839Ure Dict. Arts 1330 The mineral genus called zinc-ore..is denser than either of the above.
1849D. Campbell Inorg. Chem. 223 Small quantities of iron and *zinc oxides.
1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VIII. 579 A simple *zinc plaster will be as much as the skin will tolerate.
1823J. Badcock Dom. Amusem. 126 A *zinc plate of ten inches was immersed in the liquid.
1859G. A. Sala Twice round Clock 117 There is the rotunda of the Bank of England, with its many-slamming, *zinc-plated doors. 1966McGraw-Hill Encycl. Sci. & Technol. IV. 531/1 Zinc-plated coatings are usually purer than hot-dipped coatings.
1881Jrnl. Chem. Soc. XXXIX. 462 Two grams of the *zinc powder are weighed out.
1875Ure's Dict. Arts III. s.v., *Zinc printing..can be applied with great advantage for certain purposes in the etching style, for maps, plans,..&c.
1883‘R. Iron’ Story Afr. Farm I. i. i. 11 The *zinc roofs of the out-buildings, the stone walls of the ‘kraals’, all reflected the fierce sunlight. 1946U. Krige Way Out vi. 82 There was a mass of dry maize leaves under a zinc roof jutting out from the wall.
1899Blackw. Mag. Feb. 312 The *zinc-roofed bungalow.
1841Brande Chem. (ed. 5) 777 When hydroferrocyanic acid is added to a soluble *zinc-salt.
1881Raymond Mining Gloss., *Zinc-scum, the zinc-silver alloy skimmed from the surface of the bath in the process of desilverization of lead by zinc.
1905Times 6 July 14/6 *Zinc sheets quiet at late rates.
1796Kirwan Elem. Min. (ed. 2) II. 236 *Zinc Spar.
1902Encycl. Brit. XXVIII. 110/2 The deposition of pure zinc is beset with many difficulties,..unless the conditions are closely watched, it is liable to be thrown down in a spongy form... Siemens and Halske have proposed the addition of oxidising agents such as free halogens, to prevent the formation of zinc hydride, to which they attribute the formation of *zinc-sponge.
1851Watts tr. Gmelin's Handbk. Chem. V. 14 The solution of *zinc-sulphate is mixed with sal-ammoniac. 1868Fownes' Chem. (ed. 10) 398 Zinc sulphate..is used..as an emetic.
1851H. Watts tr. Gmelin's Hand-bk. Chem. V. xxviii. 19 Nöggerath and Bischof..found in an old mine a quantity of *zinc-sulphide mixed with washings of the ore. 1937Discovery Feb. 44/2 The [television] screen is coated with a powder consisting of zinc sulphide and other chemicals. 1974Encycl. Brit. Micropædia X. 883/3 Zinc sulfide is insoluble in water but dissolves in mineral acids.
1938E. Ambler Cause for Alarm (1940) xiii. 203 A *zinc-topped bar and four marble-topped tables.
1847Brit. Pat. 11,616 9 The dryer is added to the color prepared with the *zinc white. 1849Weale's Dict. Terms s.v., Zinc white is valuable..in painting, on account of its durability both in oil and water.
1803Med. Jrnl. X. 58 He placed the *zinc wire on the tongue.
1858Simmonds Dict. Trade, *Zinc worker and drawer, a preparer of zinc for making into wire.
1847*Zinc yellow [see zinc green above]. 1901A. C. Wright tr. Bersch's Manuf. Mineral & Lake Pigments xiv. 152 Zinc yellow may be prepared by the immediate precipitation of a solution of zinc sulphate by a solution of potassium chromate. 1974Encycl. Brit. Macropædia XIII. 889/1 Zinc yellow has a greenish cast because of a high content of chromic oxide.
d. As adj.: Having a basically greyish colour.
1922‘K. Mansfield’ Let. 11 Aug. (1977) 271 A zinc greengage or two. 1960New Yorker 1 Oct. 44/2 Faultless eyes gone blank beneath the immense Zinc-and-gunmetal northern sky.
Add:[2.] [c.] zinc finger Biochem., a finger-like loop of peptides enclosing a bound zinc ion at one end, usu. part of a larger protein molecule (esp. one regulating transcription).
[1985EMBO Jrnl. IV. 1613 (caption) The repeats are thought to be extended DNA-binding ‘fingers’ linked by flexible joints, each having a zinc ion centre.] 1987Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. LXXXIV. 4841 A 30-amino acid peptide, which corresponds to the second ‘*zinc finger’ domain of transcription factor IIIA, has been synthesized. 1988BioFactors I. 34/2 Zinc fingers are postulated to bind selectively to control regions of the genomic DNA which is destined to transcribe 5S RNA.
▪ II. zinc, v.|zɪŋk|
Inflected zinced, zin(c)ked |zɪŋkt|, zincing, zin(c)king |ˈzɪŋkɪŋ|.
[f. prec. n.]
trans. To cover or coat with zinc or some compound of zinc (esp. ironwork, as a preservative from rust); to treat with zinc, add zinc to. Hence zinced |zɪŋkt| ppl. a., zincing |ˈzɪŋkɪŋ| vbl. n.
1841Civil Eng. & Arch. Jrnl. IV. 328/2 Improvements..in tinning or zincing metal. Ibid. 353/2 Zinked nails and bolts. 1841Brande Chem. (ed. 5) 731 The advantage of zinced iron. 1843Pract. Mech. & Eng. Mag. II. 342 These processes enable us to zinc in an economical manner, iron, steel [etc.]. Ibid., An estimate for zinking the suspension bridge at Hungerford Market. 1890Jrnl. Franklin Inst. Nov. 401 The conditions under which the zincked pipe is to be used. 1891J. A. Phillips & Bauerman Elem. Metall. (ed. 3) 700 Parkes's process, or, as it is now frequently called, ‘zincing’. 1895Morris in Mackail W.M. (1899) II. 319 The little barn finished with a zinked iron roof. |