| 释义 |
▪ I. † louk, n. Obs.
[f. louk v.]
= lockchester.
c1400Payne MS. (Dr. Frazer's), Contra pannum & maculam [oculorum] vermis claudens se cum tangitur .i. louk.
▪ II. † louk, v.1 Obs.
Forms: inf. 1 lúcan, 2–4 luke(n, 3 Orm. lukenn, 4 luk, louke(n, lowke, 6 lowk, 7 louk. pa. tense 1 léac, pl. lucon, 3 læc, lec, loc, pl. loke(n, luken, 4 leke. weak forms: 3–4 louked, luked, 4 loukid(e, 6 Sc. lowkyt. pa. pple. 1 locen, 2–5 (i-, y-) i-loke(n, 3 Orm. lokenn, 3–4 luken, -in, 4–5 lokin, -on, -yn, (5 lukkin), weak forms: 4 loukid, 5 lowked, Sc. lowkyt.
[A Com. Teut. str. vb.: OE. lúcan = OFris. lûka, OS. (ant-, bi-)lûkan (MDu. lûken, Du. luiken), OHG. (ant-, ar-, pi-) lûchan (MHG. lûchen), ON. lúka, Goth. *lûkan (in galûkan to close, uslûkan to open); f. Teut. root *leuk-: lauk-: lū̆k-, whence lock n.2 Outside Teut. no certain cognates have been found.
The str. pa. pple. survived the other parts of the vb., being regarded as belonging to lock v.1]
1. trans. To close, shut, fasten; esp. to fasten (a door or chamber) with lock and key, to lock; also, to close (the jaws, the eyes). Also fig.
a1000Andreas 1259 (Gr.) Hrim & forst..hæleða eðel lucon. c1175Lamb. Hom. 141 Þe ȝeten weren ilokene. c1205Lay. 15311 He ærde to Glochæstre & þe ȝates læc [c 1275 loc] ful feste. c1220Bestiary 513 Ðis cete ðanne hise chaueles lukeð. c1250Gen. & Ex. 3779 Ðis erðe is togidere luken, Als it ne were neuere or to-broken. c1275Luue Ron 147 in O.E. Misc. 97 He haueþ bi-tauht þe o tresur And bit þe luk þine bur. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 10189 Þe doren after hom wepinde [hii] loke vaste. a1300Sarmun xxxvi. in E.E.P. (1862) 5 Vn-do þin hert þat is iloke wiþ couetise and pryde. a1300Cursor M. 5224 Ioseph þi sun sal luke þin ei. 13..Seuyn Sag. (W.) 929 He lek his eghen & gan to slape. c1330Owayn Miles (1837) 10 With locke and keye the gate to louken. a1340Hampole Psalter cxlvii. 2 Þe ȝates of heuen eftire þe day of dome sall be loukid til. a1400Morte Arth. 3954 The gud kynge Lokes one his eye-liddis, þat lowkkide ware faire. a1400Pol. Rel. & L. Poems (E.E.T.S.) 257 Þe ȝates of Parais Þoruth eue weren iloken. c1422Hoccleve Jereslaus's Wife 334 Left was the Erles Chambre dore vnstoken; To which he com and found it was nat loken. 1467in Eng. Gilds (1870) 379 The same quayer to be put in a boxe called a Casket, loken. 1513Douglas æneis ix. viii. 68 Nor I, thy moder, laid not thy corps on beyr, Nor wyth my handis lowkyt thyne eyn so cleyr. a1600Montgomerie Misc. Poems xv. 8 The dum solsequium..louks his leavis throu langour of the nicht. 1631A. Craig Pilgr. & Heremite 8 Then who shall bee seene, To louk thy dead Eine?
2. intr. for refl. To close up, form one mass. Also with together. Of a lace: To have a fastening.
a1000Phœnix 225 (Gr.) Siþþan þa yslan eft onginnað æfter liᵹþræce lucan togædre. c1250Gen. & Ex. 3276 God him bad helden up his hond to-ward ðis water, in a morgen quile ðe se luked. 13..E.E. Allit. P. B. 441 Þenne lasned þe loȝ lowkande togeder. 13..Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 217 A lace lapped aboute, þat louked at þe hede.
3. trans. To lock or shut up (const. in, within); to enclose, surround; also, to lock or shut out. lit. and fig. to louk in clay or lead = to bury.
c1200Ormin 1091 He wass himm sellf..lokenn þær wiþþinnenn. c1205Lay. 32202 His ban beoð iloken faste i guldene cheste. c1250Gen. & Ex. 362 Ðhu salt ben ut in sorȝe luken. a1300Cursor M. 6338 Sum-kin takening suld þar be Loken in þir wandes thre. Ibid. 9891 Þis castel es..wit walles loken four a stan. Ibid. 17411 Ioseph..Yee luked under lok and sele. c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 3258 For loue in armes ilk oþer þey loken. c1330Amis & Amil. 492 Hir pines were so harde and strong, Sche wald be loken in clay. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. xviii. 243 Lo! how the sonne gan louke Her liȝte in herself. c1380Wyclif Sel. Wks. III. 42 [God] loukide hem in þe myȝt of her enemyes. c1386Chaucer Nun's Pr. T. 55 Trewely she hath the herte in hoold Of Chauntecleer loken in every lith. c1400Rom. Rose 3839 Thou shalt be bounde, And faste loken in a tour. a1400–50Alexander 5005 Þat oþir loken ouire with leues as it ware liȝt siluir. 1414Brampton Penit. Ps. 18 Late noȝt myn enemyes makyn here game Of me, whan I am lokyn in leed. 1438Buke Alex. Great 108 That hed him lukkin in luffis lace.
Hence † louked (weak) ppl. a. See also loken, lucken.
1513Douglas æneis xii. Prol. 101 The lowkyt buttonis on the gemmyt treis Ourspredand leyvis of naturis tapestreis.
▪ III. louk, v.2 Obs. exc. dial.
Forms: 1 lúcan (pres. ind. 3 sing. lýcð), 3 luken, 5 lowke, 7–9 lowk, 9 look, luke, louk. pa. tense 1 léac, 3 læc, leac, pl. 1 lucon, 3 luken. pa. pple. 1 locen, 4 lokyn.
[A Com. Teut. str. vb.: OE. lúcan = OFris. lûka, MDu. lûken, OHG. (er-, ûz-) liuhhan (MHG. lûchen, liechen, mod.G. dial. liechen to pull), Goth. (us-)lûkan to draw (a sword). Some regard the root (pre-Teut. *leug-) as identical with that of Lith. lúszti, láužyti to break, Skr. ruj to shatter.]
1. trans. To pull up or out. Now only dial., to pull up (weeds); to weed (corn).
a1000Boeth. Metr. xii. 28 (Sedgefield) Swa swa londes ceorl Of his æcere lycð yfel weod moniᵹ. c1205Lay. 29072 Seiles heo up droȝen,..luken rapes longe. Ibid. 29661 Up he læc þene staf, þat water þer after leop. a1225Leg. Kath. 2128, Ichulle leoten luken & teon þe tittes awei of þine bare breosten. c1275XI Pains Hell 136 in O.E. Misc. 151 Snakes heore eyen lukeþ. a1400Octavian 1274 Whan his swyrde was y-brokyn, A Sarasyns legge hath he lokyn, Therwyth he can hym were. 1483Cath. Angl. 221/2 To Lowke (or weyde), rvncare, sarculare. 1674Ray N.C. Words 31 To Lowk; i.e. to weed Corn, to look out weeds. 1825Brockett N.C. Words, Look, louk, to weed, clear.
†2. intr. To burst out. Obs.
c1205Lay. 30274 Þa isah he of Brien his teres ut luken.
Hence ˈlouking vbl. n., weeding. Also ˈlouker, one who weeds.
14..Nom. in Wr.-Wülcker 697/25 Hic runcator, lowker. 1491–2Durham Acc. Rolls (Surtees) 159 Pro le lukkyng jus Spring apud Thonnokmyre. 1624Best Farm. Bks. (Surtees) 156 July 20. Reckoned with Leonard Goodale, pd him for his mowing, and his wife lowkinge and haymakinge. 12s. 1641Ibid. 142 Lookers have..3d a day. |