| 释义 |
zemindar E. Ind.|zəˈmiːndɑː(r)|
Forms: 7 gemidar, 7–8 jem(m)idar, 8 jemitdar, jemendar, zemidar, zemendar, zimeendar, 8–9 zamindar, 9 zem-, zumeendar, 8– zemindar.
[Hind., a. Pers. zamīndār (also zamīdar), f. zamīn, zamī earth + dār holder.
The pronunciation shown by the earliest forms gemi-, jemidar, is that of the North-West Provinces of India today, where ‘the rustic pronunciation of the word zamīndār is hardly distinguishable from the Anglo-Indian pronunciation of Jama'dār' (Yule).]
Formerly, a collector of the revenue from land held by a number of cultivators; subsequently, an Indian who held land for which he paid revenue direct to the British government.
1683W. Hedges Diary (Hakl. Soc.) I. 77 We lay at Bogatchera,..y⊇ Gemidar invited us ashore, and showed us Store of Deer, Peacocks, &c. 1698Ext. Consultations at Chuttanutte 31 Oct. (Yule) Paying the said Rent to the King as the Jemidars have successively done. 1713MS. Records in Yule & Burnell Anglo-Ind. Gloss. s.v., Mr. Edwd. Page... Jemendar. 1753Hanway Trav. (1762) II. xiv. iv. 357 note, Rajahs, who are the chiefs of those people who are distinguished by the name of zemidars, which signifies possessors of lands. 1764Ann. Reg., St. Papers 188/1 To all governors, officers..and zemindars..in the provinces of Bengal. 1776Jas. Rennell MS. Let. 5 Aug. (Yule), The Countrey Jemitdars remote from Calcutta, treat us frequently with great Insolence. 1781Ann. Reg., Hist. Eur. 177/1 The Zemindars, who are the present great landholders of India, are likewise a sort of hereditary princes of the country. 1844H. H. Wilson Brit. India I. i. vii. 401 The Zemindars had been formerly charged with the management of the police, and were held accountable for all acts of robbery or violence committed within their Zemindaris. 1890Times 8 Mar. 4/1 The zemindar of Devarakota.
Hence ˈzemindarship, zemindary.
1698Ext. Consultations at Chuttanutte 31 Oct. (1788) (Yule), The Prince having given us..the Jemmidarship of the said towns. 1860[C. Grant] Rur. Life Bengal 64 For the honour and glory of Zumeendarship he cares not a fig. 1878J. Grant Hist. India I. ii. 9 For a good round sum he sold to the East India Company the zemindarships of Govindpore, Chutanutty, and Calcutta. |