| 释义 |
ˈLord-lieuˈtenant
Pl. lords-lieutenant(s, lord-lieutenants.
1. The title of various high officials holding deputed authority from the sovereign.
†a. In Scotland. Obs.
1453Extracts Aberd. Reg. (1844) I. 403 He wald noght find caucion and sourete that the lord Lievtenand suld haue ferme and stable quhat the said Ranald did. 1547Reg. Privy Council Scot. I. 81 As salbe thocht expedient be my Lord Lieutennent.
b. In Ireland: The Viceroy.
In 1640 the earl of Stafford who had till then borne the title of ‘Lord Deputy’, was promoted to the higher dignity of ‘Lord Lieutenant’.
1614Selden Titles Hon. 57 Some succeeding Princes..had their..Lord Lieutenants or Deputies (as at this day they are called) of Ireland,.. then whom, no Lieutenants in Christendome..comes neerer Kinglike State. 1648Art. Peace in Milton's Wks. (1847) 257/1 To such other place as his majesty's lord lieutenant..shall appoint. 1702Lond. Gaz. No. 3841/3 Lawrence Earl of Rochester, Lord Lieutenant of Ireland. a1865Greville Mem. ii. (1885) II. 34 No appointment is known but that of Lord de Grey as Lord Lieutenant of Ireland.
c. In a county: The chief executive authority and head of the magistracy, usually a peer or other large land-owner, appointed by the Sovereign by patent. Under him and of his appointing are deputy-lieutenants. The position is now mainly ceremonial, though he retains some of his former powers (see quots.), including the recommendation of persons for appointment as justices of the peace.
Lord-lieutenants, when first introduced in the 16th c., were to take an active part in the defence of the realm, and down to 1871 they had extensive powers with regard to the militia, etc., which then reverted to the Crown.
1557–8Act 4 & 5 Phil. & Mary, c. 3 §5 The Lorde Leiutenante or the Lorde Wardeine..duryng the tyme of any his or their Commission shall and maye heare order and determine the same Offences by his or their discretyons. 1642Declar. Lords & Comm., For Rais. Forces 22 Dec. 7 That the Lord Lieutenants..do..appoint one experienced Souldier in every Regiment to be an Adjutor, to be resident in the sayd Counties to exercise the severall Companies of the sayd Regiments. 1710Chamberlayne Pres. St. Gt. Brit. i. ii. (ed. 23) 143 For furnishing Ammunition, and other Necessaries, the Lord Lieutenant..may levy every Year one fourth part..of each Man's Proportion in the Tax of 70,000l. a Month. 1839Penny Cycl. XV. 216/1 From the reign of Philip and Mary the lords-lieutenants have had the charge, under the sovereign, of raising the militia in their respective counties. a1865Greville Mem. ii. (1885) III. 65 At Court yesterday to make Lord Grey Lord-Lieutenant of Northumberland. 1962W. O. Hart Hart's Introd. Law Local Govt. & Admin. ii. 64 With the disappearance of the militia the lord lieutenant has ceased to have a county force to command. His position has come to be largely one of great honour with no active duties to perform. 1963Times 10 May 19/2 At the moment it was contemplated that there would be one lord lieutenant for the Greater London area, with a number of deputy lieutenants to assist him. 1963K. B. Smellie Hist. Local Govt. iii. 42 The Lord Lieutenant and the Sheriff have mainly ceremonial duties. 1972Whitaker's Almanack 1973 631 The duties of the Lord Lieutenant are to advise the Lord Chancellor as to the appointment of magistrates to the county bench... The Lord Lieutenant is usually a peer or baronet..and is often appointed custos rotulorum (keeper of the records).
†2. Applied to the second-in-command of an army, when a peer. Obs.
1544Late Exped. Scot. 4 in Dalyell Fragm. Sc. Hist. (1798), Wherof my Lorde Admyral ledde the vantgard,..and Therle of Hertford, beinge Lorde Lieutenaunt, the battayll. Ibid. 6 The Lord Lieutenaunt sent with diligence to the vanwarde, that they shulde merche towardes the towne.
Hence ˈlord-lieuˈtenancy, the office of a lord-lieutenant.
1876Bancroft Hist. U.S. IV. xxx. 58 He had just obtained the lord-lieutenancy of Ireland for his brother. 1884S. Dowell Tax. & Taxes Eng. II. 103 Carteret, turned out of the lord-lieutenancy about the same time, was now in open opposition. |