| 释义 |
▪ I. render, n.1|ˈrɛndə(r)|
[f. rend v.1 + -er1.]
One who rends or tears. (Cf. lath-render.)
1586A. Day Eng. Secretary ii. (1595) 92 Whie doe you thus vngratefullie..become..wretched renders and tearers of your mothers bowels? 1634Canne Necess. Separ. (1849) 92 The most part of Israel judged them to be renders of the unity of the kirk. 1660Gauden Brownrig 240 Our renders will needs be our reformers and repairers.
▪ II. render, n.2|ˈrɛndə(r)|
Also 4 rendre, 8 Sc. rander.
[f. render v.]
†1. A lesson, repetition. Obs. rare—1.
c1325in Rel. Ant. I. 292 Qwan i kan mi lesson [to] mi meyster wil i gon, That heres me mi rendre.
†2. The act of rendering up, or making over to another; surrender (of a person or place). Obs.
In the Digby Myst. (1882) iv. 301 sure render is prob. a mistake for surrender.
1548Gest Pr. Masse in H. G. Dugdale Life (1840) App. i. 98, I meane the applyall and render of the benefyghtes of Christis deth and resurrection. c1600Shakes. Sonn. cxxv, Take thou my oblacion, poore but free, Which..knows no art But mutuall render, onely mee for thee. 1611Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. ix. xii. §107. 580/2 Hee also tooke sundry places of speciall importance, some by render, some by assault. 1650R. Stapylton Strada's Low C. Warres viii. 2 The enemies conquest was followed with the present surrender of Middelburg... By which Render Mondragonio gained such honour as we seldome read parallelled. c1670Hobbes Dial. Com. Laws (1681) 65 If any Man would render himself to the Judgment of the King, where the King hath committed all his power judicial to another, such a render should be to no effect.
3. Law.
a. (Usu. grant and render: cf. the vb. 3 b.) A return made by the cognizee to the cognizor in a fine; a conveyance of this nature.
For legal details see esp. Cruise Digest (1818) V. 107 ff.
[1581Kitchin Le Covrte Leete, etc. 153 Fine sur graunt & render, per que le conisee graunt & render al conisour les terres en taile.] 1594West 2nd Pt. Symbol. §52 A Tenant for life may not without danger to lose his estate, be cognisor in a fine upon grant and render. 1628Coke On Litt. 353 Here it is proved by Littleton, that the grant and render..is not void. 1651tr. Sir J. Davies' Abridg. Reports ii. 41 A fine with grant and render implies a consideration in it selfe. 1727–38Chambers Cycl. s.v., A fine with render is that whereby something is rendered back again by the cognisee to the cognisor. 1773Salkeld Reports s.v. Fines 3 G, Fine and Render is a conveyance at Common Law and the Render makes the Conusor a new Purchaser. 1818Cruise Digest (ed. 2) V. 108 In a fine of this sort, the render must be made of the lands demanded in the original writ, or of something issuing out of those lands.
b. A return in money or kind, or in some service, made by a tenant to the superior.
1647N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. i. xxxi. (1739) 47 With a render of rent, which in those days was of Corn or other Victual. 1765Blackstone Comm. I. 221 It is frequent in domesday-book, after specifying the rent due to the crown, to add likewise the quantity of gold or other renders reserved to the queen. 1766Ibid. II. 290 This render..in socage..usually consists of money, though it may consist of services still, or of any other certain profit. 1848Petrie tr. A.-S. Chron. 458/2 They swore..that they would..make such renders from the land as had been done before to any other King. 1897Maitland Domesday & Beyond 169 Payments in money and renders in kind.
†c. in render: (see quot. 1607). Obs.
1607Cowell Interpr. s.v. Render, Also there be certaine things in a maner..that lie in Render, that is, must be deliuered or answered by the Tenent, as rents, reliefes, heriots, and other seruices. 1741T. Robinson Gavelkind i. 3 All Socage Services whatever which lie in Render. 1742Viner Abridgment XIV. 136 If a Thing which lies in Render be granted to another and his Heirs annually, the Non-Payment of it in one Year shall not be any Discharge.
d. The act of performing a service.
1832Austin Jurispr. (1879) I. vi. 325 If each of us promise the other to render the other a service, but the render of either of the services is not made to depend on the render of the other.
†4. The act of rendering an account, statement, etc.; an account of expenses. Obs.
1611Shakes. Cymb. iv. iv. 11 Newnesse Of Clotens death..may driue vs to a render Where we haue liu'd. Ibid. v. iv. 17 If of my Freedome 'tis the maine part, take No stricter render of me, then my All. a1734North Lives (1826) III. 177 At the young lord's full age the books themselves, in which stood every farthing accountable in proper place, were exhibited for a render of his accounts. 1768Ross Helenore 113 The squire ordain'd nae rander to be kept.
5. The first coat of plaster or the like applied to a brick or stone surface.
1833Loudon Encycl. Archit. 221 One hundred and fifty yards of render and set. 1858Skyring's Builders' Prices 80 Rough render in cement and sand, per yard.
▪ III. render, v.|ˈrɛndə(r)|
Also 4–8 rendre, 6–7 Sc. rendir, ran(n)der.
[a. OF. rendre:—pop. Lat. *rendĕre (also found in med.L.) an alteration, on anal. of prendĕre, of class.L. reddĕre to give back, f. red- re- + dare to give.]
I.
†1. trans. To repeat (something learned); to say over, recite; ? to commit to memory. Obs.
In quot. 1362 the reading rendred is supported by the alliteration and the later versions: cf. also A. ix. 82.
c1325in Rel. Ant. I. 292, I donke upon David til mi tonge talmes; I ne rendrede nowt, sithen men beren palmes. 1362Langl. P. Pl. A. v. 125, I drouȝ me a-mong þis drapers my Donet to leorne..Among þis Riche Rayes lernde I [v.r. I rendrit] a Lessun. 1393Ibid. C. xviii. 322 Til þei couþe speke and spelle..Recorden hit and rendren hit. c1400Rom. Rose 4800 It is so writen in my thought,..That all by herte I can it render. 1530Palsgr. 685/2, I rendre my lesson, as a chylde dothe. 1560Rolland Crt. Venus i. 48 With orisounis..I randerit ouir to God Omnipotent. 1565Cooper Thesaurus, Decantare,..to render or repete.
†b. With out: To relate, narrate. Obs. rare—1.
c1400Beryn 450 Kit be-gan to rendir out al thing as it was.
2. To give in return, to make return of. Now somewhat rare.
c1477Caxton Jason 18 He salwed her and she rendrid to him his salewe. 1484― Fables of æsop v. iv, Men ought not to rendre euylle for good. 1509Hawes Past. Pleas. xi. (Percy Soc.) 46 In thy youth the scyence engender That in thyne age it may the worship render. a1548Hall Chron., Hen. VIII 171 b, He sheweth himself ingrate and vngentle, and for kyndnes rendereth vnkyndnes. 1582Stanyhurst æneis ii. (Arb.) 54 Scant sayd I theese speeches, when woords to me dolful he rendred. 1612T. Taylor Comm. Titus i. 8 It is iust with God (saith Paul) to render tribulation to those that afflict his Saints. 1671Milton Samson 1232 Can my ears unus'd Hear these dishonours, and not render death? 1715Pope Iliad ii. 423 Till Helen's woes at full reveng'd appear, And Troy's proud matrons render tear for tear. 1784Cowper Task vi. 959 Receiving benefits and rendering none. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) III. 15 Ought we to render evil for evil at all..?
b. To return (thanks).
1484Caxton Fables of æsop iii. i, Al maner of folke ought to rendre and gyue thankynges..to theyr good doers. a1533Ld. Berners Huon lxii. 218, I can not render thankes to your holynes for y⊇ good that ye haue done to vs. 1552Bk. Com. Prayer, Morn. Prayer, To rendre thankes for the greate benefytes that we haue receyued at his handes. 1600Shakes. A.Y.L. ii. v. 29 Me thinkes I haue giuen him a penie, and he renders me the beggerly thankes. 1667Milton P.L. viii. 6 What thanks sufficient, or what recompence Equal have I to render thee? 1730A. Gordon Maffei's Amphith. 127 The rendering Thanks for the Victory. 1852Tennyson Ode Wellington 48 Render thanks to the Giver.
†c. To recompense, requite. Obs. rare.
1560Bible (Genev.) Judg. ix. 56 Thus God rendred the wickednes of Abimelech..in slaying his seventy brethren.
†d. absol. To make return or recompense. Obs.
1560Bible (Genev.) Job xxxiv. 11 For he wil rendre vnto man according to his worke.
3. To give († or hand) back, to restore. Also with again or back.
1513Douglas æneis xii. Prol. 92 Rendryng..the gers pilis thar hycht Als far as catal..Had in thar pastur eyt and knyp away. a1533Ld. Berners Huon lix. 203, I render agayne to you all your londes. 1582N. T. (Rhem.) Luke iv. 20 When he had folded the booke, he rendred it to the minister. 1611Beaum. & Fl. King & No K. iii. ii, I beseech your Lordship to render me my knife again. 1667Milton P.L. x. 749 Desirous to resigne, and render back All I receav'd. 1791Cowper Iliad iii. 347 Then Troy shall render back what she detains. 1879R. T. Smith Basil the Great viii. 99 The Lord..rendering back to man again the grace which he..had lost.
absol.1562A. Scott Poems (S.T.S.) i. 146 Reddie ressauaris, bot to rander nocht.
b. Law (usu. grant and render). Of a cognizee: To make over as a return to the cognizor in a fine. (Cf. the n. 3 a.)
1594West 2nd Pt. Symbol. §58 None can take by the first estate granted or rendred by a fine, but some of the parties named in the writ. 1607Cowell Interpr. s.v. Render, A fine is either single, by which nothing is graunted, or rendred backe againe by the Cognizee, to the Cognizour: or double. 1653tr. Kitchin's Courts Leet, etc. (ed. 2) 299 A Fine upon grant and render, by which the Conisee grants and renders to the Conisor, the Lands in taile. 1766Blackstone Comm. II. xxi. 354 The cognizee, after the right is acknowledged to be in him, grants back again, or renders to the cognizor..some other estate in the premises. 1818Cruise Digest V. 261 They by the same fine granted and rendered the same lands to the use of the said I.S.
c. To give back, return (a sound, image, etc.) by reflection or repercussion. Also with back.
a1600Montgomerie Misc. Poems viii. 30 The roches rings, and rendirs me my cryis. 1606Shakes. Tr. & Cr. iii. iii. 122 Who..like a gate of steele, Fronting the sunne, receiues and renders backe His figure, and his heate. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iv. 69 Hollow Rocks that render back the Sound, And doubled Images of Voice rebound. 1822Shelley When the lamp is shattered ii, The heart's echoes render No song when the spirit is mute.
fig.1596Shakes. 1 Hen. IV, iii. ii. 82 [They] rendred such aspect As Cloudie men vse to doe to their aduersaries.
4. To reproduce or represent, esp. by artistic means, to depict.
1599Shakes. Hen. V, i. i. 44 List his discourse of Warre; and you shall heare A fearefull Battaile rendred you in Musique. 1762–71H. Walpole Vertue's Anecd. Paint. (1786) IV. 195 Devoid of imagination..he could render nothing but what he saw before his eyes. 1859Tennyson Elaine 797 The strange-statued gate Where Arthur's wars were render'd mystically. 1870Max Müller Sc. Relig. (1873) 276 A name that should approximately or metaphorically render at least one of its most prominent features. 1885Truth 28 May 848/2 The spray is rendered with much lightness and delicacy.
b. To play or perform (music).
a1676Hale Prim. Orig. Man. (1677) 66 As the Organ or Pipe renders the Tune which it understands not. 1777Sir W. Jones Ess. Imit. Arts Poems, etc. 198 Some intervals, which cannot easily be rendered on our instruments. 1867Freeman in Stephens Life & Lett. (1895) I. 381 The services were magnificently done—‘rendered’ I suppose I should say. 1893Daily News 25 May 5/3 The band and muffled drums rendering the Dead March in ‘Saul’.
†5. To represent or describe (a person or thing) as being of a certain character or in a certain state; to give or make (one) out to be. Obs.
1600Shakes. A.Y.L. iv. iii. 123 O, I haue heard him speake of that same brother, And he did render him the most vnnaturall That liu'd amongst men. 1601― All's Well i. iii. 236 There is a remedie..To cure the desperate languishings whereof The King is render'd lost. 1641Vind. Smectymnuus Pref., He endeavours to render us to the Reader as destitute of all learning. 1705in Pennsylv. Hist. Soc. Mem. X. 81 He has taken the liberty to render thy keeping a coach..to be not at all with the appearance of a Quaker. 1726Col. Rec. Pennsylv. III. 255 That to do right is not so difficult a Task as some would render it.
†b. To show, demonstrate. Obs. rare—1.
1678Bunyan Pilgr. i. 205 Thou..hast such an opinion of thyself, and of what thou doest, as plainly renders thee to be one that did never see a necessity [etc.].
6. To reproduce or express in another language, to translate. Also const. into.
1610T. Lorkin in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. ii. III. 221 Two other houres he spends in French; one in reading, the other in rendring to his teacher some part of a Latine author by word of mouth. 1631R. Byfield Doctr. Sabb. 102 That place in Exo. 23. 12{ddd}is abusively rendred by you. 1661Boyle Style of Script. (1675) 10 A skilful interpreter may happily enough render into his own language a great part of what he translates. 1724A. Collins Gr. Chr. Relig. 212 He..takes them from the Hebrew,..and not as the Septuagint has rendered it. 1798Ferriar Illustr. Sterne i. 13 The oldest [edition] which remains was rendered into ‘beau langage’. 1855Pusey Doctr. Real Presence Note S. 338, I have rendered the whole [inscription] without doubt, as addressed to the Christian. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) I. 3 The word has been rendered in different places either Temperance or Wisdom.
b. To make out, succeed in reading. rare—1.
1864E. Dickinson Lett. (1894) II. 311 Can you render my pencil? The physician has taken away my pen.
II.
7. To hand over, deliver, commend, or commit, to another; to give, in various senses, † to grant, concede.
c1375Sc. Leg. Saints xxx. (Theodora) 406 Þat scho mycht þare resawit be, & tak þe habyt, &..rendryt be to þame as bruthyre. 1547–64Bauldwin Mor. Philos. (Palfr.) 104 b, By pacience we are rendred unto god and proved amongest men. 1596Shakes. Merch. V. iii. iv. 49 Take this same letter, And..see thou render this Into my cosin's hand. 1607― Cor. i. ix. 34 Of all the treasure in this field atcheiued..We render you the Tenth. 1616Chapman Homer's Hymn Apollo 117 To render the effect Of mens demands to them, before they fall. 1671Milton P.R. iii. 369 It shall be my task To render thee the Parthian at dispose. 1766Blackstone Comm. II. 450 The contract of sale shall not bind him so as that he shall render the price. 1826Kirby & Sp. Entomol. xl. IV. 101 Organs that secrete the gastric juice and render it to the stomach. 1859Tennyson Geraint 452 Affirming that his father left him gold..which was not render'd to him.
absol.1606Shakes. Tr. & Cr. iv. v. 36 In kissing doe you render, or receiue? Patr. Both take and giue.
transf.1670–98R. Lassels Voy. Italy II. 31 These stairs render you up at the Great Hall.
8. To give up, surrender, resign, relinquish. Also with up.
c1400Destr. Troy 13069 Then prinses..Saydon Orestes be right shuld render his londes, And be exilede. 1494Fabyan Chron. vi. ccxvii. 236 Accordynge to his othe, he shulde render the lande, or delyuer it vnto the possessyon of William. 1523Ld. Berners Froiss. I. ccxii. 258 The frenche kynge..shall rendre and delyuer to the sayde kynge of Englande..the honours, regalities, obeisaunce, homages [etc.]. 1567Gude & Godlie B. (S.T.S.) 162 My spreit I rander in thy handis, Eternal God of veritie. 1590Shakes. Mids. N. ii. i. 185 Ile make her render vp her Page to me. 1606― Ant. & Cl. iv. xiv. 33 She rendred life, Thy name so buried in her. 1673S' too him Bayes 29, I render my cause, as the sword-men would have it. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. iii. 744 The thriven Calves..render their sweet Souls before the plenteous Rack. 1703Rowe Ulysses iv. i, I have learnt to hold My Life from none, but from the Gods who gave it, Nor mean to render it on any Terms. 1820Shelley Liberty xiv, Tomb of Arminius! render up thy dead. 1868Geo. Eliot Sp. Gipsy v. 350 Her Queen Mounted the steps again and took her place, Which Juan rendered silently. 1875Jowett Plato (ed. 2) I. 216 To this royal or political art all the arts..seemed to render up the supremacy.
b. esp. To surrender (a stronghold, town, etc.) to the enemy.
1481Caxton Godfrey cxliii. 214 They alle shold..bere with them suche goodes as they had, and rendre and gyue ouer the dongeon. a1548Hall Chron., Hen. VIII 84 There was a mutteryng that the toune of Caleys should be rendred into the Frenche kinges handes. 1560J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 90 When the toune was ones rendred, the Byshop of Rome, Clement, chopped of the heades of certen of the Senatours. 1606Shakes. Ant. & Cl. iii. x. 33 To Cæsar will I render My legions and my Horse. 1662J. Davies tr. Mandelslo's Trav. 96 After he had held out six dayes, he was forc't to render it and himself up at mercy. 1759Hist. War in Ann. Reg. 42/2 The capital of French America was rendered to the English, after a most severe campaign. 1823Byron Juan viii. lxxxvii, The city's taken, but not render'd! 1865Trench Gustavus Adolphus ii. 79 In the city rendered by compact, and not taken by storm.
c. refl. To give (oneself) up; to surrender.
1549Compl. Scot. xiv. 113 Sa mony castellis and tounis quhilkis hed randrit them be trason to Annibal. 1602Shakes. Ham. i. v. 4 My hower is almost come, When I to sulphurous and tormenting Flames Must render vp my selfe. a1671Ld. Fairfax Mem. (1699) 33, I thought it not fit now..to bid the rest to render themselves to me. 1702Lond. Gaz. No. 3885/1 Such Seamen..who..shall Render themselves.., shall not be Prosecuted before a Court Marshal. 1752J. Louthian Form of Process (ed. 2) 179 Those that are in default till the Exigent in Treason, tho' they render themselves to Justice, forfeit their Chattels. 1821Shelley Hellas 386 Then said the Pacha, ‘Slaves, Render yourselves—they have abandoned you’. 1863A. E. Challice Heroes, etc. Louis XVI, II. 247 Lord Cornwallis and his army rendered themselves prisoners of War.
†d. intr. = prec. Obs.
1523St. Papers Hen. VIII, VI. 213 They renderyd be such appoinctement, that they went in ther schyrtes with stykkes in ther handes. 1589Late Voy. Sp. & Port. (1881) 85 Upon the first Fire thereof he rendered, and compounded to goe away with his baggage and Armes. 1632Lithgow Trav. ii. 60 The passengers gaue counsell, rather to render, then fight. 1688Shadwell Sqr. Alsatia iv. i, I am ready to render on Discretion.
†9. To send forth properly provided. Obs.—1
1390Gower Conf. III. 314 Al only at his oghne cost Sche schal be rendred forth with hire.
†b. To give out, emit, discharge. Obs.
1481Caxton Godfrey clxxii. 254 Without the toun..ben founden somme fontaynes, but they be but fewe and they rendre but lytil water. 1483― G. de la Tour H iv, Her holy body rendrid holy oyle. c1500Melusine 317 They al lamented..& rendred teerys in habundance. 1513Douglas æneis ix. x. 65 Quhayr as the quhissyll rendris soundis seyr. 1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts (1658) 80 Although it were a male, yet it did render his urine backward. 1659J. Leak Waterwks. 16 A Vessell..to receive the Water..and to render it by the Pipe 7. 1705–30S. Gale in Nichols Bibl. Topogr. Brit. (1790) III. 7 The whole of cedar, which renders a fine fragrancy.
†c. To bring forth (young). Obs. rare—1.
1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts (1658) 18 In the twelfe moneth after their copulation, they render their foles.
10. To give (an account, reason, answer, etc.); to submit to, or lay before, another for consideration or approval; also, in mod. use, to send in (an account) to a customer or purchaser.
1481Caxton Myrr. i. v. 22 And there eche rendred his reson of that he had found and lerned. 1548–9(Mar.) Bk. Com. Prayer, Of Ceremonies, Here be certayne causes rendered, why some of the accustomed Ceremonies be put awaye. 1599Shakes. Much Ado iv. i. 337, I will challenge him:..By this hand, Claudio shall render me a deere account. 1603― Meas. for M. i. iii. 49 Moe reasons for this action At our more leysure, shall I render you. 1651Hobbes Leviath. iii. xxxiii. 205 There can be rendred no one generall answer for them all. 1662Stillingfl. Orig. Sacræ iii. ii. §14 To see how well he acquits himself in rendring an account of the Origine of the Universe. 1753Johnson Diary 3 Apr. in Boswell, When I shall render up, at the last day, an account of the talent committed to me. 1795Nelson in Nicolas Disp. (1845) II. 76 It is with the greatest pain I have to render so long a list of killed and wounded. 1838–9F. A. Kemble Resid. Georgia (1863) 42 At the head of each gang [of negroes] is a driver,..who renders an account of each individual slave and his work every evening to the overseer. 1842Tennyson Morte d'Arthur 74 Thou hast betray'd thy nature and thy name, Not rendering true answer, as beseemed Thy fealty.
†b. To declare, state. Obs. rare.
1611Shakes. Cymb. ii. iv. 119 Render to me some corporall signe about her More euident then this. Ibid. v. v. 135 My boone is that this Gentleman may render Of whom he had this Ring.
11. To pay as a rent, tax, or tribute, or other acknowledgement of dependence. (Cf. the n. 3 b.)
1526Tindale Prol. Matt. Wks. (1573) 35/1 The husband-men..would not render to the Lorde of the fruit in due tyme, and therfore [it] was taken from them. 1611Bible Mark xii. 17 Render to Cesar the things that are Cesars. 1642tr. Perkins' Prof. Bk. v. §434. 187 If the tenant had been by fealtie and a horse to be rendred yearely. 1727–38Chambers Cycl. s.v. Render [n.], Other [things] which lie in render, that is, must be rendered or answered by the tenant, as rents, reliefs, heriots, and other services. 1809Bawdwen Domesday Bk. 317 It is soke, and it is waste, and it renders a pair of spurs. 1874Green Short Hist. iv. §1. 158 The successors..swore to observe the old fealty and render the old tribute to the English Crown.
fig.1588Shakes. Tit. A. i. i. 160 My tributarie teares, I render for my Bretherens Obsequies.
†b. To bring in, yield (a revenue). Obs.—1
1687A. Lovell tr. Thevenot's Trav. i. 16 The Jesuites have a Garden, full of Fruit-trees of all sorts, which render them a considerable Revenue yearly.
12. To give, pay, exhibit, or show (obedience, honour, attention, etc.); to do (a service).
1588J. Craig in Cath. Tract. (S.T.S.) 249 The honour of God to whilkes al christien men ar oblesed..to rander obedience. 1630R. Johnson's Kingd. & Commw. 123 Fealty and homage;..which he hath ever since the time of Francis the first, denied to render. 1649Bp. Reynolds Hosea v. 8 Our mouthes wide opened in rendring honour unto him. 1847Marryat Childr. N. Forest xvii, I feel indebted to you for the service you have rendered me. 1853C. Brontë Villette xv, There were personal attentions to be rendered. 1880L. Stephen Pope iii. 78 Two friends who were to render him some undefined assistance.
fig.1599Shakes. Much Ado v. iii. 33 And Hymen now with luckier issue speeds, Then this for whom we rendred vp this woe.
13. refl. To present (oneself), take steps to be at († or in) a certain place. Hence intr. to be present; to hold, obtain (rare).
1619in Eng. & Germ. (Camden) 82 In regard of the great diligence he is to make to render himself in Germany with all speede possible. 1640tr. Verdere's Rom. of Rom. i. 1 All those Princes..rendred themselves at the Tent of the Emperour Amadis of Greece. 1709Mrs. Manley Secret Mem. II. 79 Rendring himself at the Garden-gate, by Virtue of his Key, he open'd it. 1754Franklin Plan of Union Wks. 1887 II. 361 The most distant members..may probably render themselves at Philadelphia in fifteen to twenty days. 1821Shelley Sel. Lett. (1882) 173 The tocsin of the Convent sounded, and it required all the efforts of the Prioress to prevent the Spouses of God from rendering themselves..to the accustomed signal. 1852Mrs. Carlyle Lett. II. 166, I rendered myself at Paddington station on Friday morning. 1874Coues Birds N.W. 374, I believe that some such quality..renders in the whole order.
†b. trans. in similar use. Obs. rare.
a1637B. Jonson Forest iv, To World viii, What bird or beast..That fled his cage,..wull Render his head in there againe! c1645Howell Lett. (1650) I. 89 Every soldier..costing him near upon 100 crowns before he could be rendered in Flanders.
c. To infuse (a quality) into a thing. rare—1.
a1887R. Jefferies The Open Air (1893) 243, I wonder the painters.. do not sometimes take these scraps of earth and render into them the idea which fills a clod with beauty.
III. 14. To bring (one) into a state or condition (obs.); also, to cause to be in a certain state. rare.
1490Caxton Eneydos ix. 37 That it maye playse the..to rendre theym from theyr lacyuyte in-to..shamefaste chastyte. 1633Ford Broken H. iv. i, Quiet These vain unruly passions which will render you Into a madness. a1676Hale Prim. Orig. Man. (1677) 67 He is rendred into a capacity, 1. Of knowing Him: 2. Of knowing his Will. 1707Curios. in Husb. & Gard. 305 Homberg, whose great Capacity..has render'd him in mighty Esteem with all the Learned. 1810S. Green Reformist I. 137 The visionary schemes of fanaticism rendered the thoughts of Percival in continual terror of all worldly pleasure.
†b. To present or expose to, to bring under, something. Obs.
1642Fuller Holy & Prof. St. iv. xv. 312 Her private virtues rendring her to the imitation..of all. 1647N. Bacon Disc. Govt. Eng. i. xxxviii. (1739) 57 Twelve men enquired of the fame and ground thereof; which if liked, rendred the party under the spot of delinquency. a1661Fuller Worthies (1840) I. 276 His having a prince's mind imprisoned in a poor man's purse rendered him to the contempt of such who were not ingenuous.
15. To make, to cause to be or become, of a certain nature, quality, etc. (Cf. make v. 48.)
1560J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 197 It was ones possessed of Englysh men, but it was rendred Frenche, in the tyme of Charles the first. 1596Shakes. Merch. V. iii. ii. 88 These assume but valors excrement, To render them redoubted. 1601― Jul. C. ii. i. 303 O ye Gods! Render me worthy of this Noble Wife. 1654H. L'Estrange Chas. I (1655) 146 That [testimony] once rendred in-valid, the Bishop could easily prognosticate his own ruine. 1671Milton Samson 1282 He..Thir Armories and Magazins contemns, Renders them useless. 1705Addison Italy 2 The Desarts that haue been render'd so famous by the Penance of Mary Magdalene. 1771Junius Lett. lxvii. (1788) 340 note, He had a friend..whose advice rendered all their endeavours ineffectual. 1818Cruise Digest (ed. 2) VI. 357 Cases in which superadded words of limitation may control the word heirs, so as to render them words of purchase. 1844H. H. Wilson Brit. India III. 66 The total silence..rendered it probable, that the Burmas had not awaited the assault. 1860Tyndall Glac. ii. xix. 334 The absorbed heat is expended in rendering the substance viscous. 1886R. C. Leslie Sea-painter's Log 120 The big hybrid screw liners had already rendered H.M.S. Queen an obsolete type.
refl.1652Howell Giraffi's Rev. Naples ii. 85 The Spaniards also having rendred themselves masters of so many Posts. 1698Fryer Acc. E. India & P. 271 From a Salvage Prince [he] rendred himself a tame Follower of the Patriarch.
†b. Const. with as or to be. Obs.
1663Gerbier Counsel 51 The Tiler..renders the Noble mans roof, as a beggars Coate. 1665J. Webb Stone-Heng (1725) 15 So many Segments..as are taken away, renders the Figure inscribed to be a so-many-sided Figure. 1719W. Wood Surv. Trade 137 By this means we render Foreign Colonies and Plantations, to be in effect the Colonies and Plantations of Great-Britain. 1796Morse Amer. Geog. II. 81 The great reformations introduced.., as well as the discoveries made, render former accounts to be but little depended on.
†16. To cause, produce (a feeling). Obs. rare—1.
1654tr. Scudery's Curia Pol. 1 This action is of such an..extraordinary nature, as may render astonishment to the..most capeable understandings.
IV.
17. techn. a. To melt (fat, etc.); to obtain or extract by melting; to clarify. Cf. rend v.2
c1375–[see rendered ppl. a.]. 1688R. Holme Armoury iii. 102/2 Render the Tallow, is to poure it through a Strainer, to keep the Dross from the pure Tallow. 1823J. Badcock Dom. Amusem. 149 The fat..being rendered, or melted down. 1844H. Stephens Bk. Farm II. 243 Hog's lard is rendered in exactly the same manner as mutton suet. 1875Ure's Dict. Arts (ed. 7) III. 453 It is understood that twelve hours suffice to render the oil.
b. Plastering. To cover (stone or brickwork) with a first coating of plaster. Cf. render-set.
1750Wren's Parentalia 309 St. Andrew's Wardrobe Church..was..built of Brick, but finished or rendered over in imitation of Stone. 1756in Willis & Clark Cambridge (1886) II. 530 For rendring the walls of the Stair-cases and ceilings of the same. 1826Gwilt Rudiments Archit. Gloss. s.v., The first of three Coat work upon laths, or on brick work, which has been previously rendered. 1843Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc. IV. ii. 363 Of outside wall..208 square yards, which must be ‘rendered’ within if built with stone. 1847Smeaton Builder's Man. 128 Rendering is the first coat upon a naked wall; thus we say, rendered and set... Render, float, and set, is three-coat work.
c. Naut. (See quots. and rendering vbl. n. 3 b.)
1841R. H. Dana Seaman's Man. 120 Render, to pass a rope through a place. A rope is said to render or not, according as it goes freely through any place. 1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk. 568 Any rope, hawser, or cable is ‘rendered’ by easing it round the bitts. Ibid., The rope of a laniard or tackle is said to render when, by pulling upon one part, each other part takes its share of the strain. |