| 释义 |
Yuman, a. and n.|ˈjuːmən|
[Yuma n.1: cf. -an.]
A. adj. Of, pertaining to, or designating various related Indian peoples of Arizona, Mexico and California, or the languages spoken by them.
B. n.
a. A member of this group of peoples.
b. A language family of Hokan stock to which the languages of these peoples belong.
1891J. W. Powell in 7th Ann. Rep. Bureau Amer. Ethnol. 13 With the exception of certain small areas possessed by Shoshonean tribes, Indians of the Yuman stock occupied the Colorado River from its mouth as far up as Cataract Creek. 1901G. W. James Indian Basketry x. 161 The carrying frame and net of the Mohave Indians, of the Yuman stock, dwelling about the mouth of the Colorado River. 1920Univ. Calif. Publ. Amer. Archaeol. & Ethnol. XVI. 478 The Yuma, who call themselves Kwichyana..are known to other Yumans by dialect variants of the same name. 1933L. Spier Yuman Tribes of Gila River 151 The Maricopa have transposed the normal Yuman word from south to west. 1950Nat. Hist. Feb. 76/3 They speak essentially the same language—a dialect of the Yuman tongue. 1952Amer. Anthropologist Jan.–Mar. 80 The cultivated plants and the agricultural methods of the Yumans. 1963[see Shastan a. and n.]. 1965[see Mohave]. 1970Language XLVI. 533 The Yuman languages..were early recognized as constituting a linguistic family. 1974Encycl. Brit. Micropædia X. 845/3 The total number of Yuman peoples remaining in the 1970s..was uncertain. 1978Language LIV. 219 It crops up again in Southern California, in one subgroup of the Yuman family. Ibid. 505 The present collection indicates that such a tradition has now also been established for Yuman, a Hokan family of Arizona, California. |