| 释义 |
renal, a. and n.|ˈriːnəl|
[a. F. rénal, or ad. late L. rēnālis, f. rēn kidney: see reins.]
A. adj.
1. Of or pertaining to the reins or kidneys.
1656Blount Glossogr. s.v. Vein, Renal veins, the kidney veins. 1704J. Harris Lex. Techn. I, Renal Artery, is said by some, to come out of the Aorta, and to enter into the Kidneys. c1720W. Gibson Farrier's Dispens. i. (1734) 27 By its extraordinary detersive qualities, it scours and cleanses the renal passages. 1788Baillie in Phil. Trans. LXXVIII. 357 The renal capsules had undergone no change. 1840E. Wilson Anat. Vade M. (1842) 309 The Renal arteries are two large trunks given off from the sides of the aorta. 1872Huxley Physiol. v. 105 The renal excretion has naturally an acid reaction.
2. renal colic, colicky pain caused by obstruction of the outlet of the renal pelvis or that of the ureter, usu. by a calculus (see also quots. 1857, 1901); renal dialysis, dialysis performed artificially as a substitute for normal kidney function; freq. attrib. to denote a device to do this; renal dwarfism, renal infantilism, renal osteodystrophy, renal rickets, osteodystrophy due to the failure of the kidneys to convert dietary vitamin D to a more active form.
1857Dunglison Dict. Med. Sci. (ed. 15) 222/2 Colica nephretica... Renal colic... Acute pains, which accompany nephritis,..or the passage of a calculus into the ureter. 1865W. Roberts Urinary & Renal Dis. iii. vii. 405 Neuralgia of the lower intercostal and abdominal nerves..is distinguished from renal colic by the absence of blood, pus, and transitional epithelium in the urine. 1901H. Morris Surg. Dis. Kidney & Ureter II. xxiv. 81 A calculus either may remain fixed in the kidney substance or in a calyx, or may occupy the renal pelvis, within which it can move about, or it may migrate along the ureter towards the bladder. In either of the latter conditions it will probably give rise to renal colic. 1912O. May in Univ. Coll. Hosp. Mag. II. 99 (heading) A case of ‘renal infantilism’. 1920H. Barber in Lancet 3 Jan. 18/1 Until some standard text-book gives a full account of this condition it is not easy to select a suitable name; but as the kidney disease not infrequently has a very insidious onset, and many of the cases seek advice for the first time for want of development or bone deformity, some name such as renal dwarfism may be used. 1926G. V. Ashcroft in Jrnl. Bone & Joint Surg. VIII. 279 Renal rickets is a disease not mentioned in medical text-books. Ibid. 288 It is to the association of the typical clinical picture, the typical X-ray picture, and deficient renal function that the term Renal Rickets has been applied. 1929Thursfield & Paterson Garrod's Dis. Children (ed. 2) iii. 123 The primary cause of renal rickets is the inability of the diseased kidneys properly to excrete phosphorus. 1930Lancet 10 May 1002/2 Two conditions associated with bone deformities have been differentiated from late rickets—namely, cœliac rickets and renal rickets. Ibid., Cases of cœliac rickets and renal infantilism only occasionally show rickets. Ibid., Rickets occasionally complicates renal dwarfism. 1943Liu & Chu in Med. XXII. 103 The term ‘renal osteodystrophy’ seems to be a suitable generic name to include cases of osseous disorder associated with renal insufficiency, while the exact nature of the pathological process in the skeleton is still undetermined. 1957Brit. Med. Bull. XIII. 57/2 The terms ‘renal dwarfism’, ‘renal infantilism’ and ‘renal rickets’, although obviously not invariably applicable, were apt in their original use. 1960Jrnl. Amer. Med. Assoc. 24 Dec. 2124/1 Renal dialysis proved successful in treating previously intractable heart failure. 1962Lancet 2 June 1169/1 More common..is the form associated with renal failure which was at one time called ‘renal rickets’..but which is now more elegantly referred to as ‘renal osteodystrophy’. 1963Ibid. 5 Jan. 16/1 Renal-dialysis units mostly use complex and powerful artificial kidneys which require experienced surgical, medical, and biochemical super⁓vision. 1971S. Milligan Adolf Hitler i. 23 Specialists..came..to examine me... Days later a card arrived saying ‘Renal Colic’. 1974Times 17 Apr. 2/8 If kidneys for transplant were available many people maintained by expensive renal dialysis machines could be given a fuller life and many of the 5,000 who die each year from kidney failure could be saved. 1982Macmillan Guide Family Health 509/2 Renal colic is usually felt first in the back, just below the ribs.
B. n. A renal artery.
1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VI. 274 In ten [cases] the upper extremity lay between the inferior mesenteric and the renals. |