| 释义 |
Lollard Now Hist.|ˈlɒləd|
Forms: 5–6 lollarde, 5 loularde, 5–6 lolarde, 6 lolart, lollerd, lollord, 7 lolard. See also Loller1 (which occurs somewhat earlier).
[a. MDu. lollaerd, lit. ‘mumbler, mutterer’, f. lollen to mutter, mumble (for the suffix see -ard).
The name was orig. applied c 1300 to the members of a branch of the Cellite or Alexian fraternity (also called lollebroeders), who devoted themselves especially to the care of the sick and the providing of funeral rites for the poor. In the course of the 14th c. it was often used of other semi-monastic orders, and sometimes, by opponents, of the Franciscans. Usually it was taken to connote great pretensions to piety and humility, combined with views more or less heretical. Hence early mod.G. lollhart, chiefly applied to the Beghards.]
1. A name of contempt given in the 14th c. to certain heretics, who were either followers of Wyclif or held opinions similar to his.
1390[implied in Lollardy]. 1415Ld. Scrope in 43 Rep. Deputy Kpr. Rec. 591 Yif he drue to Loulardis thai wolde subuert this londe & the chirge. c1440J. Capgrave Life St. Kath. iii. 327 Thow þei ȝow calle lollard, whych or elue, Beth not dysmayd. 1460― Chron. (1858) 277 In that same tyme the Lolardis set up schamful conclusiones. 1509Barclay Shyp of Folys (1570) 74 They which to such witches will assent Are heretikes, lolardes, and false of their beleue. 1529More Dyaloge iii. Wks. 211/1 Not such men as we now speke of, lollardes & heretikes. 1571Satir. Poems Reform. xxix. 43 Sa, lolarts, ȝor hypocrisy þat sa fane ȝe wald hyde, Ȝe se, wyt tyme, in spyte of ȝow dois peice and peice owt slyde. 1597–8Bp. Hall Sat. ii. i. 17 Then manie a Lollerd would in forfaitment Beare paper-fagots. 1625in Crt. & Times Chas. I (1848) I. 67 Sir Edward Coke refused to take the sheriff's oath, because of the clause against Lollards. 1853Marsden Early Purit. 144 They [Anabaptists] are said to have existed in England since the early times of the Lollards. 1876A. Laing Lindores Abbey, etc. xii. 105 The opinions of the Lollards continued to spread.
attrib. and appositive.1842Todd (title) An Apology for Lollard Doctrines, attributed to Wicliffe. 1897Dict. Nat. Biog. LI. 404/1 Jack Sharp, lollard rebel, was a weaver of Abingdon. 1901T. G. Law Scots N. Test. Introd. 13 Very little is known of the Lollard movement in Scotland.
¶2. [Associated with loll v.] Used for: One who lolls; an idler. Obs. rare.
1635R. Brathwait Arcad. Pr. i. 239 He was found choak't with meat in's mouth, Fared Lollards in each country so, I wote well how the world would go. 1659Milton Hirelings 84 A pulpited divine..a lollard indeed over his elbow-cushion.
Hence Loˈllardian a. [-ian], of or pertaining to the Lollards. ˈLollardist [-ist], one who holds the opinions of the Lollards; in quot. attrib. ˈLollardize v. [-ize], intr. to follow the practices of the Lollards. ˈLollardizing ppl. a.
1865S. Evans Bro. Fabian 5 A lurching, lean-lipped, lollardizing loon,..No doubt hath played the spy on us and blabbed. 1882Lindsay in Encycl. Brit. XIV. 811/1 Lord Montacute..and several others had chaplains who were Lollardist preachers. 1887H. R. Haweis Light of Ages I. 42 Everything Albigensian, or Lollardian or Lutheran was ultimately cast out of the Roman Catholic Church. |