| 释义 |
lobe|ləʊb|
Also 6 lobbe.
[ad. late L. lobus, a. Gr. λοβός lobe of the ear, of the liver, capsule or pod of leguminous plants:—pre-Hellenic *logw- cogn. with *legw- in L. legūmen pod, legula lobe of the ear. Cf. F. lobe (16th c.).]
1. A roundish projecting part, usually one of two or more similar portions into which an object is divided by a fissure.
a. One of the divisions of the liver or lungs formed by the fissures.
[1525tr. Jerome of Brunswick's Surg. B iv/1 The longues hath .v. lobos or feders.] 1541R. Copland Guydon's Quest. Chirurg. H j b, Demaunde, Howe many lobbes hath the lunges? Answere .v. Thre in the ryght party and two in the lefte. 1578Banister Hist. Man v. 75 These eminences are neither to be called Lobes, Fibres, nor wynges. 1646Sir T. Browne Pseud. Ep. iii. ii. 108 The lobes and severall parcells of the liver. 1667N. Fairfax in Phil. Trans. II. 549 The left Lobe of the Lungs almost quite wasted. 1802Paley Nat. Theol. xi. (ed. 2) 202 The heart lies on the left side; a lobe of the lungs on the right. 1845Budd Dis. Liver 320 The liver was found of large size, and its left lobe reached over the stomach into the left hypochondrium. 1859Darwin Orig. Spec. xiv. (1873) 397 In snakes one lobe of the lungs is rudimentary.
b. The lower soft pendulous part of the external ear.
1719Quincy Lex. Physico-Med. (1722) 124/1 The external [ear] is..divided into two Parts, of which the upper is called Pinna, or the Wing, the lower Fibra, or Lobe. 1807–26S. Cooper First Lines Surg. (ed. 5) 393 An incision was begun over the condyloid process, opposite the lobe of the ear. 1844Dickens Mart. Chuz. ix, Pursued and brought back by the hair of his head, or the lobe of his ear. 1871G. Meredith H. Richmond xli. (1889) 370 Her ear..was of a very pretty shape, with a soft unpierced lobe.
c. Bot. † (a) A pod, capsule, or fruit-case. Obs. (b) A rounded projection or division of a leaf (sometimes, of other organs) of a plant.
1671Grew Anat. Plants i. i. (1682) 3 Some very few Seeds are divided, not into two Lobes, but into more. 1681― Musæum ii. v. 211 Of Berrys, Cones, Lobes, and some other Parts of Trees. Ibid. 212 A Long Flat Lobe... Its whole Cavity is filled up with one single Fruit. 1731Miller Gard. Dict. (1733) s.v., A Pea or Bean being committed to the Ground, is first found to cleave into two Parts, which are, as it were, two Leaves or Lobes of the Placenta. 1760J. Lee Introd. Bot. ii. viii. (1765) 90 Such as have the Lobes of the Corollæ bent obliquely to the Right. 1784Cowper Task iii. 522 Then rise the tender germs, upstarting quick And spreading wide their spongy lobes. 1845Lindley Sch. Bot. iv. (1858) 26 c, Leaves divided palmately into many narrow lobes. 1861Bentley Man. Bot. 570 Corolla monopetalous, and bearing..as many stamens as it has lobes. 1875Darwin Insectiv. Pl. xiii. 292 The immersion of a leaf in pure water sometimes caused the lobes to close. 1880Gray Struct. Bot. iii. iv. 98 Lobe is the common name of one of the parts of a simple blade, especially when there is only one order of incision.
d. One of the divisions of the brain. Also, in the cerebellum, a group of folia marked off by unusually deep fissures.
1672Wiseman Wounds i. 134 A maid servant was shot into the right side of the Sinciput..she lived as long, viz. until the Lobe of the Brain was wrought out or corrupted. 1719Quincy Lex. Physico-Med. (1722) s.v., Bidloo uses the diminutive Lobellus, for [sic] little Lobe, for the four Processes of the Brain. 1831R. Knox Cloquet's Anat. 411 The middle lobes of the brain, separated from the posterior by a groove directed obliquely backwards. 1849Noad Electricity (ed. 3) 461 Of the four lobes of the brain, the fourth only is found to actuate the electric current; it is hence called the electric lobe. 1851Carpenter Man. Phys. (ed. 2) 558 That the Lobes of the Cerebellum are the parts specially concerned in the regulation of the muscular movements. 1872Huxley Physiol. viii. 196 The olfactory lobes which..form..a part of the brain.
e. Zool. A rounded projection or part of an organ.
1826Kirby & Sp. Entomol. III. 357 Lobi (the Lobes), the parts of the Maxilla above the Palpus. 1828Stark Elem. Nat. Hist. I. 352 The Galley Wasp..Two little lobes before the tympanum. 1843Yarrell Brit. Birds III. 42 The vignette represents the structure of the foot..one lobe on each side each of the phalanges. 1846Patterson Zool. 34 The lobes of the mouth become more or less distended. 1849Murchison Siluria xiii. 342 The upper lobe of the tail. 1893Newton Dict. Birds 382 Their [sc. grebes'] feet..have the tarsi flattened and elongated toes furnished with broad lobes of skin.
f. The larger or most important and projecting part of a cam-wheel.
1855Ogilvie Suppl. s.v., The lobe of a cam-wheel is the portion of curve between two minor distances from the centre of rotation, and including a major distance between them. If the wheel has n lobes, then 2 π/n is the lobe-angle and there are n lobes in a revolution.
g. Geol. A great marginal projection from the body of a continental ice sheet.
1889Nature 3 Oct. 558 The moraines can be traced around continuously from one lobe to another.
h. gen.
1877J. Wells Bible Echoes iv. 47 You have often seen little lobes of gum on the bark of such trees as the fir-tree.
i. Electr. A portion of the radiation pattern of an aerial which represents a group of directions of stronger radiation and is bounded on each side by directions in which there is minimum radiation.
1926Bell Syst. Techn. Jrnl. V. 297 It is interesting to observe the variation in the diagrams... A lobe starts as a small bud, it grows in size until it reaches the unit circle, it then becomes dented. 1947J. S. Hall Radar Aids to Navigation i. 13 All antennas radiate small amounts of power in directions other than the main lobe. 1959Davies & Palmer Radio Stud. Universe iii. 39 In the simplest form of interferometer each narrow lobe of the aerial polar diagram produces its own small drift curve. 1968Radio Communication Handbk. (ed. 4) xiii. 40/2 With increased spacing between the two aerials, more lobes appear... This type of pattern is not very useful, but if the intervening space is filled with aerials spaced λ/2, one pair of lobes grows at the expense of all the others, giving a sharp main beam with a number of relatively small minor lobes.
j. Calligraphy. A curved projecting part of a letter.
1957N. R. Ker Catal. Manuscripts Containing Anglo-Saxon p. xxvii, In minuscule of the eighth and ninth centuries a is a pointed letter, the back of which projects above the place at which it is joined by the lobe. 1969M. B. Parkes Eng. Cursive Bk. Hands 1250–1500 p. xxvi, The letter b comprises a stem or mainstroke which rises above the general level of the other letters and a lobe made with a curved stroke to the right of the stem.
2. attrib. and Comb., as lobe-like adj.; lobe-angle Mech. (see quot. 1855 in 1 f); lobe-berry, the seaside grape, Coccoloba uvifera, of the West Indies (Treas. Bot. 1866); lobe-foot, a lobe-footed bird; lobe-footed a., having lobate feet, as some birds; † lobe-leaf, a foliole of a compound leaf; lobe-plate (see quot.).
1833P. J. Selby Illustr. Brit. Ornith. II. 166 In the Orkneys..the Red *Lobefoot is a common species. 1835Jenyns Man. Brit. Vertebr. Anim. 214 Lobipes hyperboreus Steph. (Red Lobefoot).
1890Coues Field & Gen. Ornithol. ii. 190 In all truly *lobe-footed birds, as coots,..grebes,..and phalaropes.
1758Ellis in Phil. Trans. L. 446 Because they have an equal number of pinnæ, or *lobe-leaves, on the whole leaf of each tree.
1849–52Todd Cycl. Anat. IV. 1224/2 *Lobe-like expansions.
1875Knight Dict. Mech., *Lobe-plate, a strong piece of cast-iron laid upon the keelson, etc., to support the parts of a marine steam-engine.
Add:[2.] lobe-fin, a crossopterygian fish.
1941A. S. Romer Man & Vertebrates (ed. 3) i. 33 Typical *lobefins were fresh-water fishes which..early became extinct. 1962K. F. Lagler et al. Ichthyol. iv. 115 Cosmoid scales are found both in the living (Latimeria) and extinct lobefins. 1979D. L. Dineley Fossils v. 120 Not long ago the lobe-fins were thought to have become extinct... Then in 1938 a living lobe-fin was dredged up. 1994Nature 7 Apr. 507/1 For much of the middle of this century, there was general agreement that most of the Tetrapoda had arisen from osteolepiform lobefins.
lobe-finned a., (of a fish) crossopterygian.
1933A. S. Romer Man & Vertebrates i. 41 The ray-finned forms are the most important fish as fish. But far more important in an evolutionary sense have been the crossopterygians, the lobe-finned fishes. 1970R. M. Black Elements Palaeont. xvii. 249 The lobe-finned fish have, since the Devonian, remained numerically restricted. 1991N. Eldredge Fossils iv. 92 Coelacanths are lobe-finned fishes. Their closest relatives are the extinct rhipidistians. |