| 释义 |
▪ I. lobby, n.|ˈlɒbɪ|
[ad. med.L. lobium or lobia: see lodge n.
From quot. 1553 it would appear that the word came into Eng. as a monastic term; hence there is no improbability in supposing the med.L. word to be the immediate source.]
†1. ? A covered walk, cloister (in a monastery).
1553Becon Reliques of Rome (1563) 53 Our Recluses neuer come out of their lobbeis, sincke or swimme the people.
2. a. A passage or corridor connected with one or more apartments in a building, or attached to a large hall, theatre, or the like; often used as a waiting-place or ante-room.
1593Shakes. 2 Hen. VI, iv. i. 61 How in our voyding Lobby has thou stood, And duly wayted for my comming forth? 1602― Ham. ii. ii. 161 Sometimes He walkes foure houres together, heere in the Lobby. 1603Drayton Bar. Wars vi. lxiii. 147 Thus in the Lobby as they freely were Charg'd on the suddaine by this armed trayne. 1607Shakes. Timon i. i. 80 All those which were his Fellowes but of late,..Follow his strides, his Lobbies fill with tendance. 1609B. Jonson Sil. Wom. iv. v, Doe you obserue this gallerie? or rather lobby, indeed? 1673Dryden Marr. à la Mode iii. i. Wks. 1883 IV. 303, I have such a tendre for the court, that I love it even from the drawing-room to the lobby. 1726Leoni Alberti's Archit. I. 79/2 All..shou'd be so joined together by the Roof and by Lobbies, that the Servants..may not be called as it were out of another House. 1741Richardson Pamela (1824) I. xxviii. 45, I went into the lobby leading to the great hall, and dropt into the first chair. 1806–7J. Beresford Miseries Hum. Life (1826) v. v, Fretting and freezing in the outer lobbies and at the street doors of the theatre. 1842Dickens Amer. Notes (1850) 148/1 The box lobby of a theatre. 1842Tennyson Walking to Mail 29 A jolly ghost, that shook The curtains, whined in lobbies, tapt at doors. 1863Geo. Eliot Romola lvi, Passing through a small lobby, they came to another open door. 1882M. E. Braddon Mt. Royal III. i. 18 Christabel ran down to the lobby that opened into the stable yard.
b. Naut. (See quots.)
1815Falconer's Dict. Marine (ed. Burney), Lobby, in a ship, is a small apartment adjoining the fore part of the bread room, and appropriated to the use of the surgeon. c1850Rudim. Navig. (Weale) 130 Lobby. A name sometimes given to an apartment close or next before the great cabin bulk-head.
c. Agric. A small enclosure for cattle adjoining the farm-yard.
1777Marshall Min. Agric. II. Digest 21 note, Farmery. The Slip or Lobby is entered from the Common. 1819in Rees Cycl. s.v.
d. A watchman's ‘box’ in a factory.
1902Daily Chron. 19 June 10/3 [A witness, watchman at Messrs. Doulton's, said:] He then sat in his ‘lobby’, seventy yards from the gate, till four.
3. spec.
a. In the House of Commons, and other houses of legislature, a large entrance-hall or apartment open to the public, and chiefly serving for interviews between members and persons not belonging to the House; also (more fully division lobby), one of the two corridors to which members retire to vote when the House divides.
1640in Rushw. Hist. Coll. iii. (1692) I. 1 The outward Room of the Commons House, called the Lobby,..where the Cryer of the Chancery first made Proclamation in the King's name. 1648C. Walker Hist. Independ. i. 40 Refusing to let some Members passe out of the House, or come forth into the Lobby. 1648Nedham Mercurius Pragmat. No. 39. 20 Dec., Col. Pride..caused them [Members] to retreat into the Lobby, where they use to drink Ale and Tobacco. 1695Sheffield (Dk. Buckhm.) Sp. Ho. Peers 18 Apr. Wks. 1723 II. 123, I think the first time I propos'd it was here in the bishops lobby. 1772Ann. Reg. 196/1 While I waited in the lobby during the debate. 1798I. Allen Hist. Vermont 207 Colonel Allen went into the lobby, and began to write a memorial to the Legislature of New Hampshire. 1845Disraeli Sybil (1863) 171 The mysteries of the Lobby are only for the initiated. Three quarters of an hour after the division was called, the result was known to the exoteric world. 1865Bright Sp. Canada 23 Mar., If the hon. member divides, I shall go into the same lobby with him. 1887Spectator 6 Aug. 1046/1 Considerations which chiefly determine the lobby into which Members of Parliament go.
b. collect. Those who frequent the lobbies of the House or who vote in a particular lobby; U.S. the persons who frequent the lobby of the house of legislature for the purpose of influencing its members in their official action; the body of lobbyists.
1808Deb. Congress U.S. 2 Feb. (1852) II. 1536 If we move to Philadelphia we shall have a commanding lobby. 1859Bartlett Dict. Amer., Lobby, the persons who frequent the lobby of a house of legislature. 1884Century Mag. Mar. 655/1 The lobby and corruption are legitimate subjects for satire. 1888Bryce Amer. Commw. I. i. App. 555 ‘The Lobby’ is the name given in America to persons, not being members of a legislature, who undertake to influence its members, and thereby to secure the passing of bills. 1892Pall Mall G. 25 Mar. 2/3 The friends of the eight hours movement have great reason to be satisfied not only with the number but the quality of their lobby.
c. In extended use: a sectional interest (see interest n. 4), a business, cause, or principle supported by a group of people; the group of persons supporting such an interest.
1952Economist 26 July 254/2 American..interests have maintained their effective lobby against the project [sc. the St. Lawrence Seaway]. 1954Ibid. 7 Aug. 425/1 M. Mendès-France..has to face powerful colonial lobbies in parliament. 1958Listener 21 Aug. 273/1 The United States Government, sensitive to the Jewish lobby..backed the Jews. 1959Ibid. 4 June 968/2 They even tackled the vested privileges and subsidies of the powerful alcohol lobby. 1971Daily Tel. 9 Mar. 10/6 The anti⁓pollution lobby might claim that a spot of exaggeration is justified in such a cause.
4. attrib. and Comb., as lobby correspondent, lobby door, lobby fire, lobby-lounger, lobby-lounging, lobby room, lobby stove, lobby-table, lobby-wicket; lobby chest (see quot. 1803); lobby man, (a) U.S. (see quot. 1934); (b) a lobbyist; lobby-member, a lobbyist.
1803T. Sheraton Cabinet Dict. 261 *Lobby chest, is a kind of half chest of drawers, adapted for the use of a small study, lobby, or small lodging room. 1970Canadian Antiques Collector Nov. 15/2 All sorts of compact, changeling furniture..lobby chests and Rudd's tables, [etc.].
1886Pall Mall G. 11 Oct. 8/2 When Mr. L. was *lobby correspondent he was invariably entrusted with the publication of any items of information which Mr. Chamberlain wished to be made known.
1768Chron. in Ann. Reg. 151/2 The *lobby door of the King's bench prison.
1799E. Du Bois Piece Family Biog. III. 73 Chatting in high glee with one of the Cyprian corps before the *lobby fire.
1803Sporting Mag. XXI. 145 The fashionable accoutrements of a *Lobby-Lounger. 1807tr. Goede's Trav. II. 205 Lobby⁓loungers [at a theatre] make their appearance at 8, 9, and even 10 o'clock.
1894Westm. Gaz. 9 May 1/2 *Lobby-lounging is substituted for fighting in the House.
1934Webster *Lobbyman, one who works as attendant or porter, or does chores, in a lobby. 1958Times Lit. Suppl. 21 Feb. 93/4 The high-pressure methods of the United States lobby-men, whose contacts and antecedents are open to inspection.
1848Craig, *Lobby Member. a1860Greeley in Worcester, Lobby-member, one who frequents the lobbies of a house of legislation in order to influence the action of the members.
1650W. Saunderson Aul. Coquin. 10 [He] put the King in a *Lobby Room, next the Chamber.
1842J. Aiton Domest. Econ. (1857) 76 Every manse should be kept dry and warm by the help of a *lobby stove.
1843Mrs. Carlyle Lett. I. 190 She clanked it on the *lobby-table.
1876T. Hardy Ethelberta (1890) 314 Her sister Picotee, who came in at the north door, closed the *lobby-wicket softly, and went lightly forward to the choir.
Sense 4 in Dict. becomes 5. Add: 4. [Prob. f. the vb.] An organized event at which people go to a house of legislature to lobby its members.
1939W. I. Jennings Parliament vii. 228 As part of its agitation against the Incitement to Disaffection Bill, 1934, members of the National Council for Civil Liberties ‘called out’ their representatives by means of a ‘mass lobby’. 1969Oz Apr. 25/1 There will be a lobby of Parliament which far from pleading with MPs will probably take Whitehall apart. 1987NATFHE Jrnl. Mar. 4/3 NATFHE representatives supported the Parliamentary lobby organised by the National Union of Students on 4 March.
▪ II. lobby, v. orig. U.S.|ˈlɒbɪ|
[f. lobby n.]
1. trans. To influence (members of a house of legislature) in the exercise of their legislative functions by frequenting the lobby. Also, to procure the passing of (a measure) through Congress by means of such influence. Also transf.
1850Lyell 2nd Visit U.S. 28 A disappointed place⁓hunter, who had been lobbying the Houses of Legislature in vain for the whole session. 1862J. Spence Amer. 37 How is it to be expected that a needy and ambitious lawyer..having nothing but his three or four dollars a day..shall not be open to the influences of those who lobby him? 1864Sala Daily Tel. 29 Sept., The American Emigration Company was cleverly lobbied through Congress. 1868Nat. Encycl. I. 619 To lobby through, is to get a bill adopted by such influence. 1887Goldw. Smith in Contemp. Rev. July 11 The people, at all events, cannot be lobbied, wheedled, or bull-dozed. 1894Yorksh. Post 4 Apr. 5 To send delegates to London..to ‘lobby’ members for their respective constituencies with a view of obtaining the largest possible majority. 1955Times 17 June 4/6 M.P.s were lobbied yesterday by delegates of the Uganda National Congress. 1971P. Gresswell Environment 154 We can always lobby our councillors. 1974Times 18 May 8 [Wilberforce] was lobbying heads of state.
2. intr. To frequent the lobby of a legislative assembly for the purpose of influencing members' votes; to solicit the votes of members.
1837Cleveland (Ohio) Herald (Weekly ed.) 6 Oct. 2/6 Gen. Bronson..spent a considerable portion of the last winter in Columbus, lobbying to procure the establishment of a Bank at Ohio City. 1855in Ogilvie Suppl. a1859N.Y. Tribune (Bartlett), There is a quarrel in Philadelphia about Mr. W—'s appointments. Some of the Loco-focos have come out to lobby against him. 1864E. Sargent Peculiar III. 32 You were biased by the semi-loyal men who were lobbying for slavery. 1879Cath. & C. Tait Mem. 570 Bishop Williams of Connecticut, whose handsome figure may be seen at most times in the smoking-room, either lobbying or telling good stories. 1888Bryce Amer. Commw. II. iii. lxxv. 619 Manufacturers who have had to lobby in connection with the tariff. 1898Westm. Gaz. 27 Apr. 2/1 The large majority against this Westminster Bill was in part a protest against the way in which its promoters had lobbied in its interests. 1916Galsworthy Sheaf iii. 55 Animals..cannot lobby in the House of Commons, withdraw votes or commit outrages. 1962Listener 20 Dec. 1041/1 In France the planners, being part of the civil service machine, have always been able to lobby from inside.
fig.1876Lowell Among my Bks. Ser. ii. 98 In the Greek epic, the gods are partisans,..they lobby and log-roll for their candidates.
Hence ˈlobbying vbl. n. and ppl. a.
1855in Ogilvie Suppl. (s.v. Lobby v.) 1862Times 6 Jan., ‘Lobbying’ as it is termed, is a well known institution at Washington. 1864Reader No. 88. 297/1 Lobbying—this is,..buying votes with money in the lobbies of the Hall of Congress. 1873Spectator 22 Feb. 237/1 They will not knowingly choose the agents of the ‘lobbying’ Rings. 1888Bryce Amer. Commw. I. i. App. 556 What is known as lobbying by no means implies in all cases the use of money to affect legislation. |