| 释义 |
lipo-|lɪpəʊ|
(before a vowel lip-), combining form of Gr. λίπος fat, used in various pathological terms, chiefly mod. L., in Biochem. and other fields. liˈpæmia Path. [Gr. αἷµα blood], prevalence of fatty matter in the circulation; hence liˈpæmic a.; lipoamide |lɪpəʊˈeɪmaɪd| Biochem., the amide of lipoic acid; ˈlipoate Biochem., the anion, or a salt or ester, of lipoic acid; lipocaic |-ˈkeɪɪk| Biochem. [see quot. 1936], a substance extracted from the pancreas which is found to prevent the accumulation of fat in the livers of animals from which the pancreas has been removed; lipoˈcardiac a. [cardiac], pertaining to a fatty heart (Syd. Soc. Lex. 1899); lipoˈchondrion (pl. -ˈchondria) Cytology [ad. G. lipochondrie (E. Ries 1935, in Zeitschr. f. Zellforschung u. mikrosk. Anat. XXII. 528), f. Gr. χονδρίον, dim. of χόνδρος granule, prob. after G. mitochondrie mitochondrion], a lipoid granule in the cytoplasm, esp. one seen in live preparations and possibly related to the Golgi apparatus; so lipoˈchondrial a.; ˈlipochrin [see ochre and -in], ‘a yellow colouring matter obtained by treating the eyes of frogs with ether after removing the retinæ’ (Syd. Soc. Lex.); ˈlipochrome Biol. [ad. G. lipochrom (C. F. W. Krukenberg Vergleichend-physiologische Studien II. iii. 93), f. Gr. χρῶµ-α colour], any of various mainly yellow or red pigments which are found naturally in both plants and animals and which are soluble in fats or fat solvents (see quot. 1951); ‖ ˌlipofiˈbroma Path. [fibroma], a fibrous lipoma; lipoˈfuscin [fuscin], any of various brownish pigments of animals, esp. those characteristically deposited in the cells during old age; lipoˈgenesis [-genesis], the formation of fat; liˈpogenic a. [Gr. γεν- + -ic], tending to produce fat; liˈpogenous a. [Gr. γεν- + -ous] = prec. (Syd. Soc. Lex.); lipoˈhæmia = lipæmia above; (α-)liˈpoic acid Biochem., a carboxylic acid, S{b1}S{b1}CH2CH2CH(CH2)4COOH, found in yeast and liver extracts which is a cofactor in the decarboxylation of pyruvate in vivo; lipoˈlytic a. [Gr. λυτικός loosening], having the property of decomposing or hydrolysing fats; hence liˈpolysis, the hydrolytic breaking down of fat; lipoˈlytically adv.; ‖ ˌlipomyˈxoma Path. [myxoma], a tumour composed partly of fatty and partly of mucous tissue (Syd. Soc. Lex.); ˈlipophile, lipoˈphilic adjs. [-phil, -phile], having an affinity for lipids; readily dissolving, or soluble in, lipids; lipoˈphobic a. [-phobic], tending to repel lipids; not readily soluble in lipids; ˌlipopolyˈsaccharide Biochem., any complex containing lipid and polysaccharide moieties; lipoˈprotein Biochem., any complex containing lipid and protein moieties, spec. one which is soluble in water or salt solution (as distinct from a proteolipid); ˌliposarˈcoma (pl. -ˈomata) Path. [sarcoma], a sarcoma of fatty tissue; liˈpositol Biochem. [inositol], any phospholipid containing inositol in its molecule, spec. the one found in soy-beans; ˈlipoyl Biochem. [-yl], the radical C7H13S2·CO—which is derived from lipoic acid.
1866A. Flint Princ. Med. (1880) 72 In diabetes the blood often has a slightly milky appearance from an increased amount of fat. This condition of the blood has been called *lipaemia.
1915Jrnl. Biol. Chem. XXIII. 317 Alimentary lipemia is due to nothing more than the addition of these glycerides. 1961Lancet 26 Aug. 492/2 After fat ingestion, visible lipæmia normally reaches a maximum in about four hours.
1906Bio-Chem. Jrnl. II. 22 Case XV, also not *lipaemic, was allowed a fat-rich diet, but five days later the lipaemic condition was absent, and has remained so. 1961Lancet 26 Aug. 492/2 Sera from 10 patients..were visibly lipæmic before sodium d-thyroxine was given.
1960Biochim. & Biophys. Acta XXXVII. 314 The turnover numbers at 25° vary from 1000 with dl-lipoic acid to about 80,000 with dl-*lipoamide. 1972Zeitschr. für physiol. Chem. CCCLIII. 875/2 We measured the overall reaction of the multi⁓enzyme complex.., the decarboxylase and the lipoamide oxidoreductase.
1954V. H. Cheldelin in Sebrell & Harris Vitamins III. xviii. 580 The cyclic disulfide may react to produce an acyl *lipoate. 1970R. W. McGilvery Biochem. xi. 215 The oxidizing agent is a coenzyme containing a disulfide bond, lipoate, which is attached to a lysyl residue in the peptide chain of transsuccinylase.
1936L. R. Dragstedt et al. in Amer. Jrnl. Physiol. CXVII. 180 We have chosen the name ‘*lipocaic’ for this substance. It is derived from the Greek words ‘λιπος’, ‘fat’ and ‘καιω’, ‘I burn’. A more general term suggesting that the hormone plays a rôle in the utilization of fat was sought but without success. 1955H. J. Deuel Lipids II. vi. 672 A number of facts lead one to question whether or not lipocaic can be classified as a hormone in the usual sense of the word.
1936Biol. Abstr. X. 219 During differentiation the cells..are relatively small..; ergastoplasm is absent and the reserve material consists of yolk globules and *lipochondria. 1946Jrnl. Exper. Zool. CI. 361 Apart from finding yolk, pigment granules, and mitochondria, these workers [sc. Ries and Fischer] observed large osmiophilic fat granules... These elements were called lipochondria. 1946[see liposome 1]. 1950J. R. Baker in Proc. Linn. Soc. CLXII. 71 Since the particular artifact studied by Golgi represents so badly what is actually present in the living cytoplasm, it no longer seems desirable to connect the great neurologist's name with this cellular constituent. A descriptive name is surely preferable. Ries's name ‘Lipochondrien’ (Ries, 1935) is convenient, but a Greek ending is more suitable for a word that must be used internationally, I therefore suggest lipochondrion (plural lipochondria). 1968[see liposome 1]. 1971Acta Embryol. Exper. 43 (heading) The cytoplasmic inclusions of the salamander oocyte. III. Lipochondria.
1946Jrnl. Exper. Zool. CI. 390 Only *lipochondrial substances were involved.
1887Encycl. Brit. XXII. 420/2 A red pigment of the *lipochrome series. 1928[see lipofuscin below]. 1951H. J. Deuel Lipids I. vi. 511 The term lipochrome was proposed by Krukenberg to cover a number of animal and plant pigments which had been known by such diverse names as luteins, carotin, zoonerythrin, tetronerythrin, chlorophane, xanthophane, and rhodophane. Although this designation was originally limited to pigments with yellow or reddish tints, by implication it obviously should include any fat-soluble pigment such as chlorophyll. 1968Lipochrome [see lipofuscin below].
1923Chem. Abstr. XVII. 1667 *Lipofuscin is not limited to ectodermal cells, although it is found there chiefly. 1928Amer. Jrnl. Path. IV. 293 The pigment present in these last organs..is a yellow to brown granular substance which is frequently tinged with fat stains, and therefore has been called lipochrome in this country, and lipofuscin in Germany. These two names are used to designate the substance in most English and American literature, but they actually represent different pigments. 1964Oceanogr. & Marine Biol. II. 408 Another brown pigment [in the echinoderm Diadema] appears to be a lipofuscin. 1968Passmore & Robson Compan. Med. Stud. I. xiii. 16/1 Lipofuscin, one of the commonest cellular pigments, is known by a variety of names (wear and tear pigment, haemofuscin, lipochrome, brown atrophy and age pigment), a selection which demonstrates its complexity as well as ignorance of its function, and indicates that it contains some lipid and some iron.
1882Quain Dict. Med. 1052/1 The current views on *lipogenesis or fat-formation.
1897Allbutt's Syst. Med. IV. 308 They are often obese, and hence the name ‘*lipogenic glycosuria’ has been used in these cases.
1872Thudichum Chem. Phys. 24 This particular form of fatty acid emulsion occurs in *lipohæmia.
1951L. J. Reed et al. in Science 27 July 93/2 This work has led to the obtaining of a crystalline compound from processed insoluble liver residues, which is highly active for the growth of Streptococcus lactis in the absence of acetate... This compound is being called α*-lipoic acid. Ibid., The crystalline compound reported in this paper is designated as α-lipoic acid to indicate that it is the first member to be obtained of a series of chemically related substances which possess acetate-replacing and pyruvate oxidase factor activity. 1962H. A. Krebs in A. Pirie Lens Metabolism Rel. Cataract 351 Cofactors such as..pyridoxal phosphate, or lipoic acid may play a role in controlling reaction rates by virtue of being shared cofactors. 1968R. F. Steiner Life Chem. vi. 100 The reduced form of lipoic acid contains two sulfhydryl groups..and can accept an acetyl group from active acetaldehyde.
1903Dorland Med. Dict. (ed. 3) 380/1 *Lipolysis. 1907Science 27 Sept. 413/1 Since the bile salts are known to increase lipolysis, the effects of the sodium salts of cholic, glycocholic and taurocholic acids in n/500 solutions were tested on lipolytic hemolysis. 1972Jrnl. Lipid Res. XIII. 651 (heading) Effect of cell size on lipolysis and antilipolytic action of insulin in human fat cells.
1898W. S. L. Barlow Man. Gen. Pathol. 507 The *lipolytic ferment of the pancreas (steapsin). 1912Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. XXXIV. 845 Preparations possessing lipolytic activity. 1955H. J. Deuel Lipids II. ii. 15 No correlation between sex, age, or food intake and lipolytic activity of adipose tissue was observed in rats. 1972Jrnl. Lipid Res. XIII. 325 (heading) Hydrolysis of fully esterified alcohols..by the lipolytic enzymes of rat pancreatic juice.
1912Jrnl. Amer. Chem. Soc. XXXIV. 829 *Lipolytically inactive substances. 1917Jrnl. Biol. Chem. XXIX. p. xxvi, Experiments..resulted in the production of lipolytically active substances by the action of alkali on castor bean globulin, caesin, and gelatin.
1938A. D. Whitehead tr. Jordan's Technol. Solvents i. 12 The aliphatic..and aromatic..hydrocarbons..are electrically neutral or non-polar since they contain no hydrophile groups. They are therefore hydrophobic or *lipophile. 1950Chem. & Engin. News 26 June 2181 (Advt.), The Atlas HLB System..is based on the hydrophile-lipophile balance of each emulsifier. 1965Acta Endocrinol. XLIX. 538 Whether these findings can be attributed to the lipophile properties of the sulphatide facilitating its entrance into the cell cannot be decided.
1946Arkiv för Kemi, Mineral. och Geol. XXIIa. xviii. 29 The *lipophilic end should contain an aromatic structure. 1954Jirgensons & Straumanis Short Textbk. Colloid Chem. ii. 16 Substances which, like rubber, polystyrene or polyvinyl⁓chloride do not contain hydrophilic groups are insoluble in water. They are composed of lipophilic..groups such as CH3,{b1}CH2{b1}, and others, which have some affinity for the molecules of fats, fat solvents and other oils. 1971Nature 21 May 186/2 Morphine has a highly lipophilic molecule.
1946G. M. Sutheim Introd. Emulsions i. 4 Hydrophilic substances..are named oleophobic or *lipophobic. 1961E. O'F. Walsh Introd. Biochem. ii. 33 The polar end of the lecithin molecule, here represented as a Zwitterion, is hydrophilic and lipophobic.
1954Chem. Abstr. XLVIII. 9453 Injection of a *lipopolysaccharide from Salmonella abortivoequina increases the phagocytic activity of the granulocytes. 1958Immunology I. 181 The stimulation of non-specific immunity by lipopolysaccharides could not be correlated with the serum properdin level at the time of challenge. 1970W. J. Lennarz in S. J. Wakil Lipid Metabolism v. 164 Lipopolysaccharides, the complex heteropolysaccharides typical of Gram-negative enteric bacteria, are currently under extensive investigation.
1909Chem. Abstr. III. 82 It is probable that in fatty degeneration there is a splitting off of fat from *lipoproteins of this character. 1929Jrnl. Immunol. XVI. 448 The constituents in fowl sera responsible for these non-specific precipitations are indicated to be lipo-proteins and neutral fats. 1955H. J. Deuel Lipids II. v. 371 The lipoproteins are widely distributed in living matter, where they occur in cell nuclei, mitochondria, cell membranes, chloroplasts, in egg yolk, in milk, and in blood. 1971L. W. Burley in Johnson & Davenport Biochem. Lipids iv. 86 ‘Proteolipids’..differ from lipoproteins in being soluble in certain organic solvents but insoluble in aqueous solutions.
1893Dunglison Dict. Med. Sci. (ed. 21) 637/2 *Liposarcoma. 1916E. H. Kettle Path. Tumours ii. 94 Liposarcomata..are undoubtedly rare. 1970Passmore & Robson Compan. Med. Studies II. xxx. 16/2 Liposarcomata are most common in old men.
1943D. W. Woolley in Jrnl. Biol. Chem. CXLVII. 581 It is proposed to call the new substance soybean *lipositol, since it is a lipid which contains inositol. 1949H. W. Florey et al. Antibiotics II. xliv. 1386 The antibacterial activity of 50 units of streptomycin in 1 ml. was completely antagonized by as little as 0·2 µg. of lipositol. 1969S. R. Williams Nutrition & Diet Therapy iii. 29/1 Other important phospholipids are cephalins and lipositols, which are like the lecithins except that they contain other factors in place of choline.
1960Biochem. Jrnl. LXXVII. 347/1 There is a close correlation between the rates of the enzyme-catalysed oxidation of DPNH by the lipoyl derivatives used and the rates of reoxidation of the red intermediate..by the same *lipoyl derivatives. 1970R. W. McGilvery Biochem. xi. 215 The reaction is now complete except for the regeneration of the original disulfide bond in the lipoyl group.
Add: lipoviˈtellin Biochem. [vitellus n.], the principal lipoprotein in the yolk of eggs.
1942E. Chargaff in Jrnl. Biol. Chem. CXLII. 491 The phosphatide-vitellin complex occurring in hen's egg yolk..will be designated *lipovitellin. 1982Sci. Amer. Nov. 140/1 As vitellogenin enters the follicle it is broken down into lipovitellin and phosvitin, which are remade into yolk. The structure of lipovitellin is much the same among species [of garter snake]; the structure of phosvitin varies among species. |