| 释义 |
aniline Chem.|ˈænɪlaɪn|
[f. (by Fritzche 1841) anil indigo + -ine.]
A chemical base important in the arts as the source of many beautiful dyes; obtained originally by distilling indigo with caustic potash, but subsequently from many other sources, especially coal-tar.
A. is a colourless, oily, aromatic, volatile liquid, of constitution C6H5(NH2), which may be viewed as ammonia in which one hydrogen atom is replaced by the compound radical phenyl C6H5, hence also called phenylamine; or as benzol C6H6, in which one atom of H is replaced by amidogen NH2, whence also called amidobenzol and amidobenzene. It forms crystalline salts with acids, e.g. aniline acetate, aniline oxalate, aniline sulphate, aniline nitrate, etc., and compound anilines in which one or both the hydrogen atoms in NH2 are replaced by radicals, as ethylaniline, diethyl-aniline, etc.
1850Daubeny Atom. The. viii. (ed. 2) 237 [Isatine] if heated along with potass, yields an organic base capable of neutralizing acids..which is called aniline. 1860Piesse Lab. Chem. Wond. 138 Obtaining a dye, Aniline, from the waste tar of gas works. 1861Lond. Rev. 22 June 732 Aniline is a colourless liquid, with a strong aromatic odour, and a sharp burning taste..From this aniline chemists are now preparing every shade of blue and red.
2. attrib. in aniline dyes, aniline colours, aniline black, aniline red, aniline purple, aniline yellow, aniline green, etc., aniline printing, aniline process, etc.; and in Chem. in aniline series, aniline compounds, aniline acetate, etc.
1864Daily Tel. 29 July, That exquisite purple tint which is due to the modern discovery of the aniline dyes. 1869Eng. Mech. 2 July 340/3 Aniline colours derived from coal were discovered in 1856. 1869Roscoe Elem. Chem. xxxix. 411 Aniline acetate..on heating loses a molecule of water, yielding an amide called acetanilide. 1875Vogel Chem. Light & Photog. xv. 247 The aniline-printing invented by Willis. 1878A. Hamilton Nervous Dis. 21 The black anilin process of Herbert Major. Mod. An aniline copying pencil.
3. As final element in many names of aniline derivatives; as chrysaniline, leucaniline, rosaniline, etc.
1872Watts Dict. Chem. VI. 160 A considerable quantity of very pure hydrochloride of rosaniline. 1875Ure Dict. Arts I. 187 Aniline-yellow..The name of Chrysaniline has been given to this very beautiful yellow colour. Hofmann has shown that chrysaniline is intimately related to rosaniline and leucaniline. |