| 释义 |
yearling, n. and a.|ˈjɪəlɪŋ|
Forms: see year1; also 6 erlynge.
[f. year1 + -ling1. Cf. early mod.Du. jaerlingh, G. jährling.]
A. n.
1. a. An animal a year old, or in its second year (esp. a sheep, calf, or foal; also applied to certain birds and fishes; rarely to a child).
1465Mann. & Househ. Exp. (Roxb.) 554, .x. yerlynges. 1531Lincoln Dioc. Doc. (1914) 247, I bequeth to Jane Hay a yereling, that is to say, a cowe heifer. 1541in Leadam Sel. Cases Crt. Requests (Selden Soc.) 53 One heyffer oone Erlynge & xj Shepe. 1577B. Googe Heresbach's Husb. i. (1586) 43 b, In the next [pasture] are my young breede, Yeerelinges, and Twoyeerelinges. 1607Markham Cavel. i. (1617) 66 To seperate your horse-colts from your Mare Colts,..and your yearelings from your two yeares olde. 1847Stoddart Angler's Comp. 208 The parr of Tweed..descend to the sea in the shape of smolts, as yearlings. 1847Bewick's Brit. Birds I. 11 note, The female yearling is termed a red Falcon, the male a red Tiercel. 1877J. A. Allen Amer. Bison 463 The cows, on the other hand, as well as the yearlings and two-year-olds, are generally fattest in June. 1902Wister Virginian xi, Alfred..is a little more than a yearlin', and of course he'll snuffle.
b. transf. The fleece of a yearling sheep.
1888R. Beaumont Woollen Manuf. i. 7 The second clip, which is somewhat thicker in fibre [than ‘lambs’], and both longer and stronger in staple, is styled ‘yearlings’.
2. A plant a year old; spec. applied to hops of the previous year's growth.
1849Florist 247 Matthew's Juno, large and full, lavender, purple-edge, noticed by us as a yearling last season. 1887Pall Mall Gaz. 6 Oct. 12/1 Messrs. Woolloton and Son state that ‘brewers hold exceptionally large stocks of yearlings’. 1902Times 19 Sept. 2/5 Yearlings are in good request at 70s. to 100s.
3. U.S. colloq. A student in his first year or beginning his second year at college.
1900Dialect Notes II. 70 Yearling, a second year man. 1940Berrey & Van den Bark Amer. Thes. Slang §825/6 Freshman{ddd}yearling. 1944Collier's 23 Sept. 69/1 His femme fell for a [West Point] yearling.
4. Econ. A yearling bond (see sense 3 of the adj. below).
1966This is Bill-Broking (Allen, Harvey & Ross Ltd.) 38/1 Yearlings, stocks issued by local authorities for a period of a year and quoted either on the stock exchange or in the discount market. 1970Daily Tel. 29 Sept. 17/5 (heading) Local authority yearlings at 8p.c. 1977Guardian 19 Apr. 17/2 At the moment the yearlings give a return of 10 per cent which may be lower than what is available on the ordinary bonds, but are flexible. 1981Observer 18 Oct. 20/1 An interesting alternative [to Government stocks] is the local authority negotiable bond—or the ‘yearling’, so-called because of its one-year term.
B. adj.
1. a. Of an animal (rarely of a child): A year old; in its second year.
1528Paynell Salerne's Regim. F j, The fleshe of..yerelynge wethers..is conuenient inoughe to eate. 1605Sylvester Du Bartas ii. iii. iii. Law 585 Yearly, the Jews a Yearling Lamb must slay. a1682Sir T. Browne Tracts i. (1683) 80 So many thousand male unblemished yearling lambs. 1719De Foe Crusoe i. (Globe) 246, I order'd Friday to take a yearling Goat. 1729Swift Modest Proposal 13 A well grown, fat Yearling Child. 1814Southey Roderick i. 244 Even like a yearling child, a fosterer's care. 1859Sporting Mag. Oct. 240 The yearling filly by him [sc. Rataplan], out of Musjid's dam. 1900Jrnl. Sch. Geog. (U.S.) Apr. 148 Kips—the skins of small or yearling cattle, exceeding the size of the calf skins.
b. Of plants or seeds, esp. of hops: Of the previous year's growth.
1846J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) I. 246 Cuttings, or yearling plants, for hedge-planting. 1888Daily News 13 Oct. 2/6 Yearling and old hops are at present quite neglected. 1892Ibid. 11 Oct. 6/4 Yearling red cloverseed.
2. Of a year's standing; that has been such for a year.
1854Thackeray Newcomes i, As yearling brides provide lace caps, and work rich clothes, for the expected darling.
3. Econ. Applied to bonds issued by a local authority usu. for one year.
1964Times 2 Apr. 18/1 Under present conditions a quotation for a yearling bond would mean additional expense. 1969Daily Tel. 12 Apr. 5/7 Most yearling bonds mature in..a year, sometimes two to five years. 1975Economist 19 July 95 The explosion in the yearling bond market. 1977Guardian 19 Apr. 17/2 Yearling bonds..which come in units of {pstlg}1,000, are much more flexible—and like the local authority bonds disgorge interest twice a year. They last for 12 months only and then investors have to start again. |