| 释义 |
▪ I. ligature, n.|ˈlɪgətjʊə(r)|
Also 7 ligator.
[ad. L. ligātūra, f. ligāre to bind. Cf. F. ligature.]
1. Anything used in binding or tying; a band, bandage, tie. Chiefly spec. in Surgery, a thread or cord used to tie up a bleeding artery, to strangulate a tumour, etc.
c1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 82 Also it is good to..streyne þi ligature at þe ground of þi wounde, & bynde it losely at þe mouþ of þe wounde. 1541R. Copland Guydon's Quest. Chirurg. H iij b, Let it..be cut in the myddes of the lygature and let the nether parte be left. 1621Burton Anat. Mel. ii. i. i. i, Whether..by spells,..ligatures, philtures, incantations, &c. this Disease..may be cured. 1624Wotton Archit. in Reliq. (1651) 269 The Cover is..a kind of Band or Ligature to the whole Fabrick. 1650Bulwer Anthropomet. 102 The fillets and ligatures that..Nurses use to bind them flat unto the Head. 1726Swift Gulliver i. i, I likewise felt several slender ligatures across my body. 1805Foster Ess. ii. ii. 132 The ligatures which the Olympic pugilists bound on their hands and wrists. 1825Scott Betrothed xvii, It is impossible that my bandage or ligature, knit by these fingers, should have started. 1846J. Baxter Libr. Pract. Agric. (ed. 4) II. 277 The ligature [for the artery of a sheep] should generally be made of waxed silk. 1896Treves Syst. Surg. I. 217 The finest sulpho⁓chromic catgut forms a trustworthy ligature.
b. fig. Anything binding or uniting; a bond, tie.
1627H. Burton Baiting Pope's Bull Ep. Ded. 9 No ligatures of lawes can long hold them. 1633T. Stafford Pac. Hib. To Rdr. (1821) 1 History..the common bond and ligature, which unites present time with all ages past. 1642Jer. Taylor Episc. (1647) 329 The Bishop is the band, and ligature of the Churches Unity. 1827Examiner 689/1 The ligatures which connect him with the narrative which he delivers are very artificial.
2. = ligament 2. Not now in good use.
c1400Lanfranc's Cirurg. 177 Þis hipe boon..is maad fast aboue wiþ ligaturis & pannyclis & nerues. 1641Wilkins Math. Magick i. v. (1648) 29 The Ligatures for the strengthning of them [nerves], that they may not flag and languish in their motions. 1648Sanderson Serm. II. 225 It is said of Belshazzar, Dan. 5..that the joynts (bindings or ligatures) of his loyns were loosed. 1875Buckland Log-bk. 175 The [snake's] eggs were not held by a ligature, but appeared pasted together by some strong adhesive gum.
3. The action of tying; an instance of this. Also, the result of the action or operation; a tie or the place where it is made.
a. Surg.
1541R. Copland Guydon's Quest. Chirurg. L j b, Howe many maners of lygatures or rollynges ben there and howe ought they to be made? 1597Lowe Chirurg. (1634) 93 In amputation..I finde the ligator reasonable sure, providing it be quickly done. 1793Beddoes Calculus 212 Mr. Hamilton made three ligatures in the jugular vein of a cat. 1846F. Brittan tr. Malgaigne's Man. Oper. Surg. iii. 17 Ligature was known amongst the ancients for the removal of pedunculated tumours. 1896Treves Syst. Surg. I. 540 The ligature of a main artery in its continuity.
b. gen. The action of binding up or tying.
1651Wittie Primrose's Pop. Err. iv. xlviii. 406 Some doe annoint the weapon, and binde it up carefully... Neverthelesse, some say, that by the onely dipping of the weapon into the box of ointment, without any ligature, they have performed a cure. 1712Arbuthnot John Bull iii. iii, The fatal noose..with the most strict ligature squeezed the blood into his face. 1872Baker Nile Tribut. viii. 137 A tight ligature was made behind each stone.
4. Mus. A method of indicating the connexion or binding of notes into groups, as a guide to their rendering by the executant. In ancient notation, a compound note-form expressing two or more tones to be sung to one syllable. † in ligature: (of notes) connected in this way. In mod. notation: a tie or slur. In Counterpoint: a syncopation.
1597Morley Introd. Mus. 9 Phi. But how if it haue a tayle on the right side? Ma. Then it is as though it were not in Ligature and is a Long. Ibid., Annot., Ligatures were deuised for the Ditties sake, so that how manye notes serued for one syllable, so many notes were tied together. 1609Douland Ornithop. Microl. 40 A Ligature is the conioyning of simple Figures [notes] by fit strokes. 1753Chambers Cycl. Supp. s.v., Hence syncopes are often called ligatures, because they are made by the ligature of many notes. 1782Burney Hist. Mus. (1789) II. iii. 183 Ligatures or binding notes. 1848Craig, Ligature, in Music, a binding indicated by a curved line. 1880Rockstro in Grove Dict. Mus. II. 136 Ligature, a passage of two or more notes, sung to a single syllable. Ibid. 138 In some old printed books, the last note of a Ligature is placed obliquely, in which case it is always to be sung as a Breve.
5. In Writing and Printing. Two or more letters joined together and forming one character or type; a monogram. Also, a stroke connecting two letters. in ligature, combined in one character or type.
1693Phil. Trans. XVII. 887 These Ligatures have been a long time Thorns in the Eyes of all that first learn Greek. 1731Bailey vol. II, Ligatures [with Printers], types consisting of two letters, as ff, fi, ſt, &c. 1773Swinton in Phil. Trans. LXIV. 326 As for the Greeks, nothing is more common than ligatures, or monograms, on their coins. 1880Warren Book-plates xii. 137 The two initials..are in ligature. 1883I. Taylor Alphabet I. v. 263 In the earlier monumental scripts the letters are separate, but in some of the Egyptian papyri certain letters are united by ligatures. 1885Cook tr. Sievers' O.E. Gram. (1887) 5 The ligatures and diphthongs..are never geminated. 1896J. C. Egbert Lat. Inscript. 67 Ligatures..are common in Gallic inscriptions from the first century a.d...Ligatures of Three Letters.
†6. Binding quality; also concr., that which has this quality. Obs.
1675Evelyn Terra (1676) 100 Salt it is which gives ligature, weight, and constitution to things. 1727Bradley Fam. Dict. s.v. Fir tree, They grow in moist or barren Gravel, and poor Ground, if not over sandy and light, with⁓out any loamy Ligature.
†7. The state of being bound; suspension of the intellectual or physical powers (see quots.). Obs.
1727–41Chambers Cycl., Ligature, among mystic divines, signifies a total suspension of the superior faculties, or intellectual powers of the soul... This passive state of these contemplative people they call their ligature. Ligature, is also used for a state of impotency, in respect to venery, caused by some charm, or witchcraft.
▪ II. ligature, v.|ˈlɪgətjʊə(r)|
[f. ligature n.]
trans. To bind with a ligature or bandage; spec. in Surg. to tie up (an artery, etc.).
1716–20Lett. Mist's Jrnl. (1722) I. 297 All Things were prepared, her Leg ligatured, and..plunged in the warm Bath. a1734North Lives (1826) III. 43 Goat skins..blown full and ligatured, are put under the corners that appear most to sink. 1878T. Bryant Pract. Surg. (1879) II. 19 A wounded artery or vein should be ligatured above and below the wound. 1882Carpenter in Standard 28 Sept. 3/3 The way in which infants were clothed and ligatured. 1896Treves Syst. Surg. I. 217 One does not require to ligature many vessels in a wound now that we have such excellent pressure forceps.
fig.1821Tales of my Landlord, Witch of Glas Llyn II. 194 By ligaturing his energies and cooling his friends, prudence would have ruined the cause which rashness saved.
Hence ˈligatured ppl. a.
1859Nat. Encycl. I. 150 The ligatured vessel. 1899Allbutt's Syst. Med. VI. 298 A ligatured artery. |