| 释义 |
▪ I. licentiate, n.|laɪˈsɛnʃɪət|
Forms: 4–5 licenciat, -cyat, 6–7 licenciate, -tiat, 6– licentiate.
[ad. med.L. licentiātus (see next) used absol. as n.]
1. One who has obtained a licence or authoritative permission to exercise some function.
†a. (See quot.) Obs.
c1386Chaucer Prol. 220 He [the frere] hadde power of confessioun..moore than a Curat, For of his ordre he was licenciat.
b. One who has received a ‘licence’ from a university, college, or the like. In early use sometimes gen. = ‘graduate’; more commonly spec. the holder of a particular degree between bachelor and master or doctor, still preserved in certain foreign universities (cf. Sp. licenciato, F. licencié); the latest use in England was in the Cambridge degree of Licentiate of Medicine (Medicinæ licentiatus, abbreviated M.L.) which was abolished in 1859. In current British use, almost exclusively in certain designations indicating that the bearer of them has received a formal attestation of professional competence or of a certain degree of proficiency in some art from some collegiate or other examining body: e.g. in Licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians (abbreviated L.R.C.P.), Licentiate in Dental Surgery (L.D.S.), Licentiate of the Royal Academy of Music (L.R.A.M.), Licentiate of the College of Preceptors (L.C.P.). The University of Durham grants the title of Licentiate in Theology (L.Th.) to those who pass a certain examination, open both to graduates and non-graduates.
1489Caxton Faytes of A. iii. xix. 210 A scoler licencyat atte Cambryge in Englande is come to the unyuersyte of parys. 1555Eden Decades 80 In the Ilande of saynte Iohn..Alfonsus Mansus a licenciate [is bysshop]. 1595A. Copley Wits Fits & Fanices 82 A reuerend Licentiate at law was a suter to a fair Gentlewoman. 1604E. G[rimstone] D'Acosta's Hist. Indies iv. vii. 225 Whenas the licentiate Pollo governed that Province. a1639Spottiswood Hist. Ch. Scotl. (Spottiswoode Soc. 1847) I. 211 Alexander Barre, licenciate in the laws succeeded..and died..1397. 1669Woodhead St. Teresa ii. xxxv. 240 The next day..comes the Priest with the Licentiate. 1691Wood Ath. Oxon. I. 345 He was made a Licentiat of Divinity. 1726Ayliffe Parergon 54 The Degree of a Licentiate or Master in this Faculty. 1727–41Chambers Cycl. s.v., Most of the officers of judicature in Spain are known by no other name than that of licentiates. Licentiate among us, is usually understood of a physician, who has a licence to practice. 1779–81Johnson L.P., Garth, The College of Physicians, in July, 1687, published an edict, requiring all the fellows, candidates, and licentiates, to give gratuitous advice to the neighbouring poor. 1789Gibbon Autobiog. (1854) 29, I should applaud the institution, if the degrees of bachelor or licentiate were bestowed as the reward of manly and successful study. 1805Med. Jrnl. XIV. 550 A member or licentiate of the College of Physicians. 1826Miss Mitford Village Ser. ii. 188 As fatal as any prescription of licentiate or quack. 1850Prescott Peru II. 304 The licentiate, thus commissioned..embarked at Seville. 1857Livingstone Trav. Introd. 7, I was admitted a Licentiate of Faculty of Physicians and Surgeons. 1901Whitaker's Almanac 268 Royal Academy of Music. There are..1,361 Licentiates (L.R.A.M.). Ibid., College of Preceptors. Teachers..are granted diplomas of F.C.P., L.C.P. and A.C.P.
c. In the Presbyterian and some other churches: One who holds a licence to preach but as yet has no appointment; a probationer.
1854H. Miller Sch. & Schm. ii. (1860) 16 Four of the Presbytery..repaired to the parish church to conduct the settlement of the obnoxious Licentiate. 1866Carlyle Remin. I. 118 Irving's preachings as a licentiate (or probationer waiting for fixed appointment) were always interesting.
2. nonce-use. One who claims or uses licence; one who is not precise in the observance of rules.
1605Camden Rem., Anagrams (1657) 168 The licentiats somewhat licentiously, lest they should prejudice poeticall liberty, will pardon themselves for doubling or rejecting a letter, if the sence fall aptly.
Hence liˈcentiateship, the dignity or condition of a licentiate.
1881Macm. Mag. XLIV. 202/1 Then he..proceeded to pass the more difficult examination for the ‘licentiate-ship’ in his special subject.
▪ II. † liˈcentiate, pa. pple. (and a.) Obs.
Forms: 4, 5 licenciat, -cyat, 6 liscenciat, 6–7 licenciate, -tiat, 6– licentiate.
[ad. med.L. licentiāt-us, pa. pple. of licentiāre: see licentiate v.]
1. Sc. Used as pa. pple. of licentiate v.; equivalent to the later licentiated.
a. Allowed, permitted.
b. Licensed (to preach).
a.c1500Bk. Precedence in Q. Eliz. Acad. (1869) 101 All thingis be takin treuly as thai attest, ay liscenciat and lovit with al ledis. 1565J. Calfhill Treat. Crosse ii. 52 Louain hath licenciate you, to make what lies ye lust. 1582–8Hist. James VI (1804) 283 The nobillmen..are for the maist part licentiat to liue a libertine life in thair youth. 1639Drummond of Hawthornden Mem. State Wks. (1711) 133 Certain verses..being afterwards licentiate to be read,..they were forgotten. a1651Calderwood Hist. Kirk (1843) II. 2 The bands of Scotish men of warre..sall be brokin, and the men of warre licentiat to depart.
b.a1660Hammond in Colet's Serm. Conf. & Ref. (1661) 29 Those that are..to be licentiate for publick preachers. 1676W. Row Contn. Blair's Autobiog. xii. (1848) 530 Some ministers were licentiate by the Council.
2. adj. Freed from rules; assuming licence, unrestrained, licentious.
1593Nashe Christ's T. (1613) 163 The world would count me the most licentiat loose straier vnder heauen, if [etc.]. 1597Bp. Hall Sat. i. ix, Our epigrammatarians, old and late, Were wont be blamed for too licentiate. 1602T. Campion Art Eng. Poetrie 41 Neither let any man cavill at this licentiate abbreuiating of sillables. 1656S. H. Golden Law 39 All these miseries..your licentiate liberty, your freedom hath brought us to.
Hence † liˈcentiateness.
1656S. H. Golden Law 21 Licentiateness is not a liberty.
▪ III. licentiate, v.|laɪˈsɛnʃɪeɪt|
Also 6–8 -iat.
[f. med.L. licentiāt-, ppl. stem of licentiāre, f. licentia licence.]
1. trans. To give liberty to; to allow, permit (something) to (a person); to allow (a person) to (do something) or that (etc.). ? Obs.
1560Rolland Crt. Venus iii. 138, I ȝow protest, ȝe wald me licenciat..That I may [etc.]. 1637Gillespie Eng. Pop. Cerem. ii. iv. 22 Faithfull men..have neither a doore of enterance, nor a doore of utterance licentiated to them. 1650J. Dury Just Re-prop. 21 They rashly licentiat them⁓selves unto many things. 1660N. Ingelo Bentivolio & Urania i. (1682) 84 Their Chief Office is to licentiate Hypocrisie. a1693Urquhart's Rabelais iii. xiii. 101 The Nurses..are licentiated to recreate their Fancies. 1706Maule Hist. Picts in Misc. Scot. I. 28 The Scots willingly licenciat them that habitation. a1711Ken Hymnotheo Poet. Wks. 1721 III. 47 'Tis Jesus Will that Angel to ordain, The Tyrant to licentiate or restrain. 1791–1823D'Israeli Cur. Lit. (1866) 293/1 They were licentiated to go a begging.
†b. To give a licence to; to license. Obs.
1632Lithgow Trav. viii. 367 They openly Lycentiat three thousand common Stewes.
†2. To grant (a person) a licence or faculty, e.g. to practise medicine. Obs.
1650H. Brooke Conserv. Health To Rdr. A iij, Bred up in..that Faculty and licentiated in the practise theroff.
3. nonce-use. [After F. licencier or It. licenziare.] To discharge (a servant).
1820Byron Let. in Eng. Stud. XXV. 149 You may give up the house immediately, and licentiate the Servitors.
Hence liˈcentiating vbl. n.
1676W. Row Contn. Blair's Autobiog. xii. (1848) 528 He spoke against the way of licentiating. 1694R. L'Estrange Fables xxxviii. (1714) 48 The Licentiating of anything that is Course and Vulgar. |