| 释义 |
libertarian, n. (a.)|lɪbəˈtɛərɪən|
[f. liberty + -arian, as in unitarian, etc.]
1. One who holds the doctrine of the freedom of the will, as opposed to that of necessity. Opposed to necessitarian. Also attrib. or adj.
1789Belsham Ess. I. i. 11 Where is the difference between the Libertarian..and the Necessarian? 1838Sir W. Hamilton Logic xxx. (1866) II. 113 When the Libertarian descends to arguments drawn from the fact of the Moral Law. 1882–3F. L. Patton in Schaff Encycl. Relig. Knowl. III. 2524/1 The libertarian doctrine is now taught by appealing to consciousness. 1886H. Sidgwick in Mind XI. 144 His psychology inevitably precludes him [Plato] from being really Libertarian. 1895G. J. Romanes Th. Relig. 129 If libertarians grant causality as appertaining to the will.
2. One who approves of or advocates liberty. Also as adj.
1878Seeley Stein III. 355. 1901 F. W. Maitland in Eng. Hist. Rev. July 419 A supply of competent editors was wanted [for the Rolls Series]... In such matters Englishmen are individualists and libertarians. The picture of an editor defending his proof sheets..before an official board of critics is not to our liking. 1906Westm. Gaz. 2 Oct. 2/1 No wonder the libertarian woman rebels. 1966New Statesman 22 Apr. 602/2 She is a libertarian and was not happy under the dictatorship of Hassan II. 1969Listener 15 May 666/1 The political activists..belong to what is known as the libertarian Left. 1972Science 12 May 615/3 It gives fair play to the objections of civil libertarians. 1973Observer (Colour Suppl.) 11 Nov. 44/4 Now he's suddenly the darling of the civil libertarians.
Hence liberˈtarianism, the principles or doctrines of libertarians.
1830W. Taylor Hist. Surv. Germ. Poetry III. 10 note, The general drift of his [Kant's] system..is not libertarianism. 1886H. Sidgwick in Mind XI. 144 [This] is to make him [Plato] talk modern Libertarianism in a quite unwarrantable way.
▸ n. Polit. (orig. U.S.). A person who believes the role of the government should be limited to upholding individual rights, and who therefore opposes government regulation of economic or social affairs; an anti-statist. Also (with capital initial): a member of any of various political parties promoting these views.
1920Amer. Jrnl. Sociol. 26 68 The enlightened libertarian is not today greatly interested in academic attacks on the metaphysical state or the political state. He is interested in well-directed attacks on special privilege and shielded, protected monopolies... Flank attacks on the state are far more effective at this stage than frontal attacks. 1966Washington Post 30 July a17/1, I used to think of myself as a ‘libertarian’, or an ‘anti-Statist’... But in a world that has no room for subtleties, we libertarians find ourselves classified as conservatives. 1972N.Y. Times 6 Feb. i. 47/6 Asked at a news conference if the approach of the Libertarians was not close to anarchy, Mr. Nolan replied, ‘Anarchy is simply Libertarianism carried to an unworkable extreme.’ 1991Sat. Night (Toronto) Nov. 31/3 He was coming straight back to Toronto, presumably to lead the Libertarians to victory in the Canadian federal election. 1996R. Bork Slouching towards Gomorrah ii. vii. 150 Libertarians join forces with modern liberals in opposing censorship.
adj. Polit. (orig. U.S.). Of, designating, or advocating a political philosophy which holds that the role of government should be limited to upholding individual rights, and therefore opposes government regulation of economic or social affairs; anti-statist. Also (with capital initial): of or designating any of various political parties promoting this philosophy.
1947Amer. Polit. Sci. Rev. 41 240 He..personally favored the libertarian views of the majority, but..as a judge he felt bound to uphold the state's power. 1964Chicago Tribune 22 Mar. ix. 4/3 The libertarian strain in modern conservative thinking is emphasized by two first-rate economists who stand for integral liberty with an economy committed to the principles of the free market. 1972N.Y. Times 6 Feb. i. 47/2 The new Libertarian party..would cut Government intervention sharply both at home and abroad and encourage civil liberties and unrestricted capitalism. 1995H. Stern Miss Amer. xiii. 541, I was all set to endorse him wholeheartedly when Robin reminded me that I had already endorsed the Libertarian candidate. 2002Backwoods Home Mag. July–Aug. 6/2 The ultraliberal cities of the East eagerly suck down tax dollars the Federal Government has extorted from the thousands of conservative and libertarian small towns across America. |