| 释义 |
lexicon|ˈlɛksɪkən|
[? mod.L., a. Gr. λεξικόν (sc. βιβλίον), neut. sing. of λεξικός of or for words, f. λέξι-ς diction, word, phrase, f. λεγ- to speak.]
1. a. A word-book or dictionary; chiefly applied to a dictionary of Greek, Hebrew, Syriac, or Arabic.
The restricted use is due to the fact that until recently dictionaries of these particular languages were usually in Latin, and in mod.L. lexicon, not dictionarius, has been the word generally used.
1603Sir C. Heydon Jud. Astrol. ii. 44 Any other translation or Lexicon. 1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts ⁋⁋1 b, He doth not neglect the profit of Lexicons (wherein all sayings and speeches are numbred). 1616Bullokar, Lexicon, a Greek Dictionarie for words. 1641Milton Prel. Episc. 6 [They] must make a new Lexicon to name them⁓selves by. 1645― Tetrach. Wks. 1851 IV. 238 They who are so exact for the letter, shall be dealt with by the Lexicon, and the Etymologicon too if they please. a1682Sir T. Browne Tracts 85 Lexicons and Dictionaries by Zizania do almost generally understand Lolium. 1702S. Sewall Diary 30 Jan. (1879) II. 52 Upon enquiry about a Hebrew word, I found he had no Lexicon. 1791Boswell Johnson (1848) 69/1 He thought it right in a lexicon of our language to collect many words which had fallen into disuse. 1807Med. Jrnl. XVII. 49 Let Mr. D. go to his Lexicon for the word urethra. 1817Byron Beppo lii, And take for rhyme, to hook my rambling verse on, The first that Walker's Lexicon unravels. 1847Liddell & Scott (title) A Greek-English Lexicon.
b. fig. (a) The vocabulary proper to some department of knowledge or sphere of activity; the vocabulary or word-stock of a region, a particular speaker, etc. (b) A list of words or names.
1647Cowley Mistress, Discretion 66 This barbarous Term you will not meet In all Love's Lexicon. 1656― Pindar. Odes, to Dr. Scarborough iii, The vast and barbarous Lexicon Of Mans Infirmitie. 1654Whitlock Zootomia 419 Fate, or Fortune, (in the Profane Lexicon, and in the Christians undiscovered Providence). 1724Swift Use Irish Manuf. Wks. 1755 V. ii. 3 All silks, velvets, callicoes, and the whole lexicon of female fopperies. 1751Earl of Orrery Remarks Swift (1752) 25 Such, who, in the Lexicon of Party, may be found ranged under that title [Whig]. 1823Byron Juan viii. xvii, Fifty thousand heroes, name by name..Would form a lengthy lexicon of glory. 1839Lytton Richelieu ii. ii. 362 In the lexicon of youth..there is no such word As—fail! 1954[see European n. 2]. 1963Amer. Speech XXXVIII. 143 French-speaking Canadians..are developing a ‘standard’ form of Canadian French..with the same categories of variation (phonetics and lexicon) from the speech of the mother country as are found in American and Canadian English. 1972Archivum Linguisticum III. 1 They constitute a regular part of his stylistic lexicon. 1973K. Johnson in T. Kochman Rappin' & Stylin' Out 142 These racial-identity labels are part of what can be called ‘the black lexicon’ (words that are used exclusively by black people) formulated to designate concepts derived from the unique experience of black people within their culture. 1973Times 31 July 6/7 He [sc. Mr. Ehrlichman] said the term ‘deep six’—meaning throw in the river—had not been ‘part of my lexicon’.
c. attrib. and Comb.
1826Syd. Smith Wks. 1859 II. 100/1 The boy who is lexicon-struck in early youth looks upon all books afterwards with horror. 1848Clough Bothie ix. 120 Leaving vocabular ghosts undisturbed in their lexicon limbo.
2. Linguistics. The complete set of meaningful units in a language; the words, etc., as in a dictionary, but without the definitions. (Opp. grammar n.)
1933L. Bloomfield Lang. x. 162 The total stock of morphemes in a language is its lexicon. 1964R. H. Robins Gen. Ling. 63 The categories of phonetics, phonology, and grammar are general; the components of the lexicon of a language are particular. 1968J. Lyons Introd. Theoret. Ling. iv. 159 He can afford to make a less exhaustive classification of the lexicon.
3. (With capital initial.) The proprietary name of a game played with cards marked with the letters of the alphabet.
1932Trade Marks Jrnl. 22 June 798 Lexicon... Card games. John Waddington Limited,..Leeds; manufacturers. 1945D. Whitelaw Lexicon Murders i. 15 This card..was one from a pack of Lexicon cards, one bearing the letter V. Ibid. iii. 59 A Wop, eh...ever play Lexicon? 1960Guardian 9 Dec. 9/7 Didn't we all learn to spell by playing Lexicon? 1965R. Petrie Running Deep ii. 28 One of them produced a packet of Lexicon from her bag and spread the letters over the table. 1974‘J. Le Carré’ Tinker, Tailor xxii. 187 Smiley appeared to examine the lexicon cards, reading off the words longways and sideways.
Hence ˈlexiconist, a compiler of a lexicon.
1828–32Webster cites Orient. Col. |