| 释义 |
▪ I. lemma1|ˈlɛmə|
Pl. lemmas, ‖ lemmata |ˈlɛmətə|.
[a. (either directly or through Lat.) Gr. λῆµµα, pl. λήµµατα (f. root of λαµβάνειν to take, pf. pass. εἴληµµαι) something received or taken; something taken for granted; an argument, title. Cf. F. lemme.]
1. Math., etc. A proposition assumed or demonstrated which is subsidiary to some other. See also quot. 1837–8.
1570Billingsley Euclid ii. xxxiii. 347 The Mathematicall occasion, whereby..Hippocrates..was led to the former Lemma. 1656Hobbes Six Less. Wks. 1845 VII. 209 The sixth definition is but a lemma. 1678Cudworth Intell. Syst. i. iv. §3. 194 We must first lay down this lemma or preparatory proposition. 1748Phil. Trans. XLV. 367 From these Lemmata..are deduced the following Propositions. 1822Whately Commpl. Bk. (1864) 73, I lay down, then, these Lemmas: 1st [etc.]. 1837–8Sir W. Hamilton Logic xiv. (1866) I. 267 Lemmata, that is, propositions borrowed from another science in order to serve as subsidiary propositions in the science of which we treat. 1845De Quincey Hazlitt Wks. 1862 XI. 299 Whatever is—so much I conceive to have been a fundamental lemma for Hazlitt—is wrong. 1885C. Leudesdorf Cremona's Proj. Geom. 189 The foregoing lemma.
2. a. The argument or subject of a literary composition, prefixed as a heading or title; also, a motto appended to a picture, etc. b. The heading or theme of a scholium, annotation, or gloss.
1616B. Jonson Poetaster To Rdr., I will onely speake An Epigramme I here haue made: It is Vnto true Souldiers. That's the lemma. Marke it. 1623Cockeram, Lemma, an argument. 1660tr. Amyraldus' Treat. conc. Relig. Pref. 9 The Discourses seem to divert a little from the subject which the Lemma's of the Chapters promise. 1679T. Barlow Popery 25 The lemma or title to that impious extravagant of Pope Boniface the eighth. 1722Swift Let. to Earl Oxford 11 Oct., Wks. 1765 XVI. 185, I have hitherto taken up with a scurvy print of you, under which I have placed this lemma: Veteres actus primamque [etc.]. 1778Warton Hist. Eng. Poetry II. 201 note, In the year 1445, several pageaunts were exhibited..with verses written by Lydgate, on the following lemmata. Ingredimini et replete terram [etc.]. 1896W. G. Rutherford Schol. Aristoph. I. p. vii, Adequate information about..the lemmas, the spelling, the accentuation [of scholia]. Ibid. p. xxvii, He marks off the lemma from the body of the note in cases in which a lemma is given.
Add:[2.] c. Lexicography. [Used earlier in this sense in Ger. and It.] A lexical item as it is presented, usu. in a standardized form, in a dictionary entry; a definiendum.
1951tr. Busa's Sancti Thomae Aquinatis Hymnorum Ritualium Varia Specimina Concordantiarum Introd. 20 Five stages..of compiling a concordance:..3—indicating on each card the respective entry (lemma); 4—the selection and placing in alphabetical order of all the cards according to the lemma and its purely material quality. 1967Computers & Humanities II. 79 Punched cards: one word per occurrence, abstract sentences limited to 10 lines: main entry word, run-on entry, inflected form, reference and dating in print; lemma, text code number and dating punched. 1974R. W. Burchfield in Trans. Philol. Soc. 1973 18 Dictionary editors in this country probably cannot be required to move lower-case lemmata, or to delete literary examples showing a trade mark used more or less generically, provided that the entry accurately reflects usage. 1979Amer. Speech 1976 LI. 138 The pages are pleasingly uncluttered.., with just enough contrast between the boldface lemmas and the lightface commentaries. 1983R. R. K. Hartmann Lexicogr. i. 7 The ‘lemma’..a distillation of the word from which all non-essential features have been eliminated. 1992Appl. Linguistics XIII. 4 In the lemma, the lexical entry's meaning and syntax are represented.
▪ II. lemma2|ˈlɛmə|
Pl. lemmata |ˈlɛmətə|.
[ad. Gr. λέµµα, f. λέπ-ειν to peel.]
1.
†a. The husk or shell of a fruit.
b. Embryol. (See quot.)
a.1753Chambers Cycl. Supp., Lemma, in pharmacy, a term used to express the husk or shell of certain fruits, as the almond..; and in general, whatever is taken off in decortication. Thus the husks of oats, barley, &c. are the lemmata of those seeds.
b.1880Pascoe Zool. Classif. (ed. 2) Gloss. 280 Lemma, the primary or outer layer of the germinal vesicle.
2. Bot. In grasses, the lower bract of a floret.
1906C. V. Piper in Contrib. U.S. Nat. Herbarium X. 8 We have taken the liberty to introduce the word lemma to apply to the..‘flowering glume’ of authors. 1934A. Arber Gramineae vii. 110 The idea that the grass flower is unique, and requires a special vocabulary..has led to..a series of names [for bracts], such as gluma florifera, palea inferior, flowering glume and lemma, of which the two latter are the more generally familiar in England and America. Ibid. viii. 141 In Ichnanthus the lemma may show remarkable winglike appendages at the base. 1968F. W. Gould Grass Systematics ii. 51 Glumes, lemmas, and paleas are floral bracts. Ibid. 53 Lemma characters of taxonomic importance are shape, texture, size in respect to the glumes, nervation, awn development, and surface features.
▪ III. lemma
erroneous variant of lemna. |