| 释义 |
▪ I. † wroth, n.1 Obs.
Also 5 wrooþ, wrooth, 5, Sc. 6 wrothe, 6 wroath.
[f. wroth a., replacing wrath n. or wrethe n.]
Deep anger or resentment; wrath, rage, or fury; ire.
The earlier examples are doubtful. The first may be a miswriting for wrethe or worthe, and the second may be adjectival, as in Gower Conf. vi. 1696 (see for-1 prefix 10).
a1400–50Wars Alex. 2077 All þe werd [v.r. werld] war to waike his wrothe to with-stand. a1425Cursor M. 12183 (Trin.), Leuy for wrooþ..smot him on þe heed a dint. 1513Douglas æneid ii. x. 24 Sair pwnitioun of Greikis dred scho, als Hir husbandis wroth. 1581A. Hall Iliad vi. 109 Thus sets the trayterous iade the king with griefe and wroth a fire. 1606Shakes. Tr. & Cr. ii. iii. 182 Imagin'd wroth Holds in hir bloud..swolne and hot discourse. 1663Butler Hud. i. i. 892 The objects of our Wroth. Ibid. ii. 737 At this the Knight grew high in wroth.
▪ II. wroth, n.2 Cornish dial.|rəʊθ|
[Cf. wrasse.]
One or other species of wrasse.
1750Heath Acc. Isl. Scilly 317 The Coast is plentifully stored..with Sea Round Fish; as..Cunner, Rockling, Cod, Wroth, Becket. 1882Jago Anc. Lang. Cornwall 314 Wroth, a fish known as Conner, or sea Carp.
▪ III. wroth, a.|rəʊθ, rɒθ|
Forms: α. 1 wrað (Northumb. urað, wurað), 2–3 wrað (5 wrad), 3–4 wraþ, 4 wraþe, 4–5, Sc. 6 wrathe (4 wrahte), 4–5 wrath (4 wragh, 5 Sc. vrath, 6 wraath, wraathe), Sc. 5–6, 8 wraith (6 wreith); 3 wræð (wærð), 6 Sc. wreth. β. 3 wroð, 3–5 wroþ (3–4 vroþ), 3–5 wroþe, 4–6 wrothe, 4– wroth (4 wrogh, wroght, wroþt, 4–5 wroht, worth, 5 wrought, wroghth, wourthe); 4–5 wrooþ, wrooth, 5 wrooþe, 5 rowthe, 6 wrouthe.
[OE. wráþ, = OFris. wrêth evil, OS. wrêđ (MLG. wrede, wrêt, LG. wrêd), MDu. wrêt, wreet (Du. and Flem. wreed cruel), OHG. reid, reidi (MHG. reit, reide curled, twisted), ON. *wreiðr, reiðr (Norw. vreid, reid, Da. and Sw. vred) angry, offended, f. the pa. tense of wríðan to writhe. Cf. wrath a.
In very freq. use c 1250–c 1450. Rare (exc. in or after Biblical usage), c 1530–c 1850, being regarded as ‘out of use’ by Johnson, ‘nearly obsolete’ by Ash, but as ‘an excellent word and not obsolete’ by Webster (1828–32). Revived in sense 1, esp. in formal or dignified style, c 1800.]
1. Stirred to wrath; moved or exasperated to ire or indignation; very angry or indignant; wrathful, incensed, irate.
Rarely attrib., as in quots. a 1225, 1375, c 1400.
αc950Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. xxii. 7 Ðe cyniᵹ uutedlice mið ðy ᵹeherde wurað wæs. a1000Genesis 2260 Ða wearð unbliðe Abrahames cwen, hire worcþeowe wrað on mode. a1122O.E. Chron. (Laud MS.) an. 1066, Þa þe cyng Willelm ᵹeherde þæt secgen þa wearð he swiðe wrað. c1175Lamb. Hom. 15 Ne beo þu nefre ene wrað þer fore. c1200Ormin 19603 And ta warrþ wraþ Herode. c1205Lay. 8268 Þa wes he wræð ful iwis. Ibid. 28723 Þus þe king wordede, wræð on his þonke. a1300Cursor M. 1599 Þof he was wrath it was na wrang. 1375Barbour Bruce xvi. 245 Micht no man se ane vrathar man. c1400Rule St. Benet (Prose) 1 He, as a wrath fader,..deseret vs os not hys sons. c1450Merlin i. 18 Tho gan the Iuge to be right wrath. c1475Rauf Coilȝear 100 The Carll..wox wonder wraith. c1520M. Nisbet Ephes. iv. 26 Be ye wrathe, and will ye nocht do synn. c1560A. Scott Poems (S.T.S.) vi. 38 For be scho wreth I will not wow it. 1590J. Burel in Watson Coll. ii. (1709) 2 Anna, wondrous wraith, Deplors hir sister Didos daith. a1776Lord Ingram in Child Ballads II. 131/2 A' was blyth at Auld Ingram's cuming, But Lady Maisdrey was wraith.
βc1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 183 Al þat me was leof, hit was þe loð; þu ware a sele ȝief ich was wroð. a1225Ancr. R. 120 Wroð mon is he wod? c1290Becket 413 Þo was þe king wel of i-nouȝ, wroþere þane he was er. 13..Cursor M. 4889 (Gött.), If he it wit he wil be wroght [Trin. wrooþ]. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. v. xli. (BM. Addit. MS.), By þe galle we ben wrooþ, by þe herte we ben wys. c1450Knt. de la Tour (1906) 22 Thanne she was wrother thanne afore. c1489Caxton Sonnes of Aymon iii. 113 Sire,..ye be wroth of som other thyng. 1526Tindal Matt. xxii. 7 When the kyng hearde that, he was wroth. 1548Udall, etc. Erasm. Par. Mark x. 65 For he was nether wroth, nor murmured against Christ. a1599Spenser F.Q. vii. vi. 35 There-at Ioue wexed wroth. 1611Bible 1 Sam. xx. 7 If he be very wroth,..euill is determined by him. 1656Blount Glossogr. 1716M. Davies Athen. Brit. III. 25 Our modern Dissenters seem wroth, when they are deem'd a vulgar..kind of People. 1749Fielding Tom Jones vi. ix, The parson..saying, ‘You behold, Sir, how he waxeth wroth at your abode here’. 1820Wordsw. ‘A Book came forth’ 7 But some..Waxed wroth, and with foul claws..On Bard and Hero clamorously fell. 1842Tennyson Dora 23 Then the old man Was wroth, and doubled up his hands. 1852Dickens Bleak Ho. xl, Sir Leicester is majestically wroth. 1880Blackmore Mary Anerley xxxiii, ‘I know it,’ said Carroway, too wroth to swear.
absol.a1250Owl & Night. 944 Selde endeþ wel þe loþe & selde playdeþ wel þe wroþe.
transf.c1386Chaucer Cook's T. 34 Reuel and trouthe..been ful wrothe al day as men may see.
b. Said of the Deity.
a1100in Earle Land-Charters (1888) 253 Crist..him wurðe wrað þe hi hæfre ᵹeþywie. a1300Cursor M. 959 Wa es me! lauerd,..þat euer i mad þe wrath. c1340Hampole Pr. Consc. 5479 When he es wrathe þat es maker of alle. c1386Chaucer Pars. T. ⁋96 Ther shal the..wrothe Iuge sitte aboue. 1393Langl. P. Pl. C. i. 117 God was wel þe wroþer. a1450Mirk's Festial i. 4 Aboue hym schall be Crist his domes-man so wroþe, þat [etc.]. 1533Bellenden Livy (S.T.S.) I. 106 The goddis war sa commovit and wraith, þat [etc.]. 1611Bible Isaiah lxiv. 9 Be not wroth very sore, O Lord. 1697Dryden æneis v. 1110 The God was wroth. 1820Keats Hyperion ii. 351 He saw full many a God Wroth as himself. 1877Tennyson Harold i. i. 28 Why should not Heaven be wroth?
c. With dative, or const. with preps., as against, at, on, † to, † toward, † upon, or esp. with.
(a)a1000Genesis 405 Þonne weorð he him wrað on mode. c1000Ags. Ps. (Thorpe) lxxxiv. 4 Þæt ðu us ne weorðe wrað on mode. c1200Ormin 4814 Forr whatt iss Drihhtin me þuss wraþ? c1230Hali Meid. 31 Beo hit nu, þat..ti were beo þe wrað.
(b)c1175Lamb. Hom. 117 Þi les ðe god iwurðe wrað wið eou. c1205Lay. 6369 A-nan se he wes wrað wid eni. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 570 Corineus..wroþ inou was Toward þe king lotrin. 1303R. Brunne Handl. Synne 12293 Al tymes ys God more wroþer with þys Þan [etc.]. a1352Minot Poems iii. 5 For mani men to him er wroth. 1375Barbour Bruce i. 201 Gyff ony thar-at war wrath. 1388Wyclif Num. xxiv. 10 Balaach was wrooth aȝens Balaam. 141226 Pol. Poems 47 First whan god wiþ man was wroþ. 1471Caxton Recuyell (Sommer) 535 Dyane..was wrothe and angry vpon them. c1489― Sonnes of Aymon i. 50 Charlemayne..was wrothe to theym. 1535Coverdale 2 Chron. xxviii. 9 The Lorde God..is wroth at Iuda. 1590Spenser F.Q. iii. vi. 19 She..woxe halfe wroth against her damzels slacke. Ibid. vii. 8 Be not wroth With silly Virgin. 1611Bible Ps. lxxxix. 38 Thou hast bene wroth with thine anointed. 1794Mrs. Radcliffe Myst. Udolpho xxv, The signor, it seems, had lately been very wroth against her. 1859Tennyson Elaine 160 Then got Sir Lancelot suddenly to horse, Wroth at himself. 1873‘Ouida’ Pascarel I. 39 She, dear soul, was very wroth against him always. 1883Whitelaw Sophocles, Antigone 1177 Wroth with his pitiless sire, he slew himself.
fig.a1300Cursor M. 30 Þe wrang to here o right is lath, And pride wyt buxsumnes is wrath.
†2. Marked or characterized by anger or wrath; indicative of ire or indignation. Obs.
c1000Ags. Ps. (Thorpe) lxiii. 4 Hi..hi mid wraðum wordum trymmað. a1300E.E. Psalter lxxiii. 1 Wrathe es þi breth, ouer schepe of þi fode. a1325Prose Psalter cxxiii. 3 Her wodeship was wroþe oȝains us. 13..Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 1706 Þay sued hym [sc. a fox] fast, Wreȝande hym ful weterly with a wroth noyse. c1375Cursor M. 828 (Fairf.), Sone bigan veniaunce to kithe, al was wraþ þat er was blithe. 1582Stanyhurst æneis i. (Arb.) 22 Wroth woords statelye thus [he] vsed. 1648J. Beaumont Psyche xii. xxxiii, Wroth fiery Knots are marshalled upon Her Forehead.
†3. Of a fierce, savage, or violent disposition or character; stern, truculent. Obs.
Beowulf 319 Ic to sæ wille wið wrað werod wearde healdan. c893ælfred Oros. vi. ii. 254 Þa wearð Tiberius Romanum swa wrað & swa heard swa he him ær wæs milde & ieþe. c1000Ags. Ps. (Thorpe) lxvii. 5 Þa þe wydewum syn wraðe æt dome. c1205Lay. 18583 Þis iherde Gorlois..& he andsware ȝaf, eorlene wraðest. Ibid. 28503 Arður þat iherde, wraðest kinge. c1275Ibid. 6402 Þar was mani bold Brut, and mani cnihtes wroþe [c 1205 bisi kempen].
†b. In the phrase as wroth as (the) wind. Obs.
13..Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 319 He wex as wroth as wynde. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. iii. 328 Also wroth as þe wynde Wex Mede in a while. c1400Destr. Troy 13091 And he [was] wrothe as the wynde to his wale eme. 14..Erthe upon Erthe 33/48 Erthe is as sone wroth as is the wynde. c1470Gol. & Gaw. 770 Golograse.., Wod wraith as the wynd, his handis can wryng.
†4. Of animals: Of a violent or fierce nature; irritated, enraged. Obs.
a900Cynewulf Crist 1548 Se deopa seað..æleð hy mid þy ealdan liᵹe.., wraþum wyrmum. a1250Owl & Night. 1043 Þe vle wes wroþ, to cheste rad, Mid þisse worde hire eyen abraid. 13..E.E. Allit. P. B. 1676 Þou..on mor most abide..With wroþe wolfes to won. c1375Sc. Leg. Saints i. (Peter) 523 Þan wes þe hound na thing wrath, Na schup to do na man schath. a1400–50Wars Alex. 738 As wrath as a waspe. 1526Tindale Rev. xii. 17 The dragon was wroth with the woman.
b. transf. Of the wind, sea, etc.: Moved to a state of turmoil or commotion; violent, stormy.
13..E.E. Allit. P. C. 162 Euer was ilyche loud þe lot of þe wyndes, & euer wroþer þe water, & wodder þe stremes. 13..Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 525 Wroþe wynde of þe welkyn wrastelez with þe sunne. 13.., etc. [see 3 b]. 1426Audelay Poems 47 Wry not fro Godis word as the wroth wynd. 1590Spenser F.Q. ii. xi. 19 When the wroth Western wind does reaue their locks. 1835Browning Paracelsus v. 661 The wroth sea's waves are edged With foam. 1852C. B. Mansfield Paraguay, etc. (1856) 123 It rained heavily... So I was wroth, and the weather too. 1876Swinburne Erechtheus 1649 The most holy heart of the deep sea, Late wroth, now full of quiet.
†5. Bad, evil; grievous, perverse. Obs.
In later use in to wrothe hele, wroth-haile (see wrother-heal).
c1000Ags. Ps. (Thorpe) cxviii. 101 Ic minum fotum fæcne siðas, þa wraþan weᵹas, werede ᵹeorne. a1023Wulfstan Hom. l. (1883) 273 Hu læne and hu lyðre þis lif is,..hu tealt and hu wrað. a1225Juliana 57 Weila as þu were iboren wrecche o wraðe [v.r. wraðer] time. a1225Leg. Kath. 171 Þe wrecches þet ha seh..wraðe werkes wurchen. a1250Prov. Alfred 115 Þenne beoþ his wene ful wroþe isene. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 3019 To wroþe hele al þis lond was he so milde þo. c1330King of Tars 131 To wrothe hele that he was bore. c1400Laud Troy Bk. 7872 That was him to wrothe-haile: For thei of Grece opon him throng.
†6. Displeased, grieved; sorrowful, sad. Obs.
13..K. Alis. 4528 (Laud MS.), Alisaunder haþ vnderstonde Þe lettre þat com from darries sonde. Wroþ he was, & hadde pyte. 13..Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 70 Ladies laȝed ful loude, þoȝ þay lost haden, And he þat wan was not wrothe. c1450Ludus Coventriæ 329 Lombe of love with-owt loth, I ffynde þe not, myn hert is wroth.
†b. Fearful, apprehensive, afraid. Obs. rare—1.
13..K. Alis. 544 (Laud MS.), Vche of hem so bycom wrooþ: For a dragon þer com in fleen.
▪ IV. † wroth, v. Obs.
Also 1 wraðian, 5 wrothyn, wrothe.
[OE. wráðian (= OS. wrêđian, ON. *wreiða, reiða, refl. reiðask (Norw. vreidast, MSw. vreþas, Sw. vredgas, Da. vredes) to get angry, f. wráð wroth a. Cf. awroth (s.v. awrath), wrath, wrethe vbs.]
1. intr. To become wrathful or angry; to manifest anger.
c975Rushw. Gosp. Mark x. 41 Ða tenu ongunnun wraðiᵹa of iacobe & iohanne. 14..Wars Alex. 2593 (Dubl. MS.), Ȝitt wer hys baratours abaist & þen þe bern wrothed. c1435Torr. Portugal 1196 Lo, sir kyng, hold this,..or ellis wroth we anon. c1475Partenay 1254 Again melusine wrothed he ful sore.
2. trans. To make wroth or angry; to enrage.
c1450Mirk's Festial i. 66 Adam loued hyr and wold not wroth hur. 1499Promp. Parv. (Pynson), Wrothyn or maken wrothe, irrito. 1611Florio, Adirare, to anger, to wroth.
b. refl. To become wrathful or angry.
c1425Seven Sages (P.) 1780 Bot thau he wrothe hym never so sore, For sothe I nylle prove hym no more.
▪ V. wroth
obs. var. wrought, pa. pple. of work v. |