| 释义 |
▪ I. wring, n.1|rɪŋ|
Also 1, 5 wringe, 4–6 wrynge, 9 ring.
[OE. wringe, f. wringan wring v. Cf. OE. wín-wringe.]
1. A cider-press or wine-press.
c890Wærferth tr. Gregory's Dial. 250 Sanctulus..brohte æmtiᵹe cyllan þyder to þære wringan. a1350in Relig. Lyrics 14th C. (1924) 28 Þy schroud red wyth blod..Ase troddares in wrynge. Ibid., Þe wrynge ich habbe y-trodded al mysulf on. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xix. xxxviii. (B.M. Add. MS. 27944), Sourisshe þinges..bereþ doun þe mete as it were a pressoure oþer a wrynge. c1440Pallad. on Husb. i. 495 (Colchester MS.), Oilmylles, wheeles, wrynges,..I nyl not speke of nowe. Ibid. xi. 107 Erly sette on werkyng hem [sc. olives] the wrynge. 1532–3in Weaver Wells Wills (1890) 155 The dragge, and the wrynge, and the vate. 1664Newburgh in Evelyn Pomona 42 The Cider, bottled immediately from the wring. 1844W. Barnes Dorset Gloss. 370 Wring, a press, as a cider-wring. a1906in Eng. Dial. Dict. s.v., Cider from the wring.
2. A cheese-press.
[1670in C. Worthy Devon. Wills (1896) 27 A cheese wring.] 1891T. Hardy Tess I. 226 The measured dripping of the whey from the wrings downstairs.
3. wring-house, the house or shed where a cider- or cheese-wring is kept.
1807Vancouver Agric. Devon (1813) 472 Wring-house for making cider. 1842G. P. R. Pulman Rustic Sketches 52 In th' ringhouse hard to work, Th' mill da grind. 1886T. Hardy Woodlanders xiii, His dwelling, cider-cellar, wring-house.
▪ II. wring, n.2|rɪŋ|
[f. wring v.]
1. a. The act of wringing, twisting, or writhing; an instance of this. Also fig.
c1460Towneley Myst. xxi. 237 Bot he that forsake I shall gyf hym a wryng that his nek shall crak. 1611Cotgr., Garrot,..a wring, or pinch in the wythers. 1634Bp. Hall Contempl., N.T. iv. xxiv. ⁋1 The sighs, and tears, and blubbers, and wrings of a disconsolate mourner. 1697Vanbrugh Relapse iii. i, My brother has given it a wring by the nose. 1789T. Rawlins Fam. Archit. 17 Arch-Stones, if any Wring or unequal Pressure happen,..will naturally settle close to each other. 1889Century Mag. May 85/1 She gave the shirt..a vicious wring.
fig.1602Marston Antonio's Rev. i. i, Have I not crush't them with a cruell wring? 1628Feltham Resolves ii. xxii. 72 We sinke vnder the wring of sorrow.
b. The action of squeezing, pressing, or clasping; a squeeze or clasp of the hand.
1599B. Jonson Cynthia's Rev. v. iii, A Wring by the hand, with a Banquet in a corner. Ibid. v. iv, The Wring by the hand, and the Banquet is ours. 1605Chapman All Fools ii. i. D 4 b, Yet do I vnderstand..your secret iogges and wringes; Your entercourse of glaunces. 1621R. Brathwait Time's Curtain drawn M 8, A winke, a nodd,..a wringe, a kisse, Sent by some Childe. 1856C. M. Yonge Daisy Chain ii. xvii, James, with one wring of the hand, retreated. 1894J. A. Steuart In Day of Battle xvii, I gave the good soul's hand a hearty Christian wring.
2. A sharp or griping pain, esp. in the intestines.
c1500Roulis Cursing 61 Ane of thir infirmiteis.., The stany wring, the stane and sand blind. 1600Surflet Countrie Farme i. xxviii. 195 Hens dung swallowed by hap, bringeth frets and wrings in the bellie. 1609Holland Amm. Marcell. 220 An horse..sore vexed with a suddaine gripe or wring in his belly, fell down. 1611Cotgr., Trenchaison, a gripe, or a wring, as of the Chollicke, &c.
3. With down. That which is obtained by wringing.
1874T. Hardy Far from Madding Crowd lii, To look at the last wring-down of cider.
4. Comb.: wring-world.
1885G. M. Hopkins Poems (1967) 99 But ah, but O thou terrible, why wouldst thou rude on me Thy wring-world right foot rock?
▪ III. wring, v.|rɪŋ|
Pa. tense and pple. wrung |rʌŋ|. Forms: inf. 1 wringan, 2–4 wringen, 4 wryngen, 5 -ene, -yn, wringin; 3–7 wringe (5 ringe), 4–6 wrynge, wryng, 4–5 wreng, 4– wring (6 Sc. wrink-, 7–8, 9 dial. ring). pa. tense 1–9 (now dial.) wrang, 4–6 wrange (pl. 1 wrungon, 3–4 -en); 3–7 wrong, 3–6 wronge, 6 wroong, wroung (pl. 4 wrongen, 5 -on); 4– wrung (6 wrunge). pa. pple. 1, 4 wrungen, 6 wrunge, 6– wrung (8 rung); 5–7 wrong, 5–6 wronge (4–6 ywrong, 4–5 y-, iwronge), wrongen, 5 wrounge, 6 wroung, wroong(e. weak pa. tense 5–8 wringed; pa. pple. 6–7 wringed.
[OE. wringan (wrang, wrungon; wrungen), = OFris. *wringa (WFris. wringe), OS. *wringan (in ûtwringan; MLG. wringen, LG. wringen, ringen), MDu. and Du. wringen, OHG. rinkan, ringan, ringen (MHG., G. ringen). Other grades of the stem wring- are represented by wrang wrong a. and Goth. wruggō snare.]
I.
1. a. trans. To press, squeeze, or twist (a moist substance, juicy fruit, etc.), esp. so as to drain or make dry. Also transf. and in fig. context. (Cf. 14 b.)
c890Wærferth tr. Gregory's Dial. 250 Witodlice hit ᵹelamp..þa þa Langbeardisce mæn wrungon eleberᵹan on þære treddan. c1000ælfric Gen. xl. 11 Ic nam þa winberian & wrang on þæt fæt. c1250Gen. & Ex. 2064 Ðe beries ðor-inne [sc. a cup] me ðhuȝte ic wrong. 13..K. Alis. (W.) 333 Herbes he tok..And stamped heom in a morter; And wrong hit [Laud MS. wronge it out] in a box. c1386Chaucer Sir Thopas 65 His faire steede..So swatte, þat men myghte him wrynge, His sydes were al blood. c1430Two Cookery-Bks. 28 Take Molberys, and wrynge a gode hepe of hem þorw a cloþe. c1485E.E. Misc. (Warton Cl.) 75 Wrynge hit [sc. turnsole with glair] into a schelle. 1508Dunbar Tua Mariit Wemen 438, I haif a water spunge for wa,..Than wring I it full wylely. 1580Lyly Euphues (Arb.) 325 Protagenes portraied Venus with a sponge;..if once she wrong it, it would drop bloud. 1637Rutherford Lett. (1671) 147 God is wringing grapes of red wine for Scotland. 1662R. Venables Exper. Angler vi. 65 Wash it [sc. moss] well,..wring it very dry. 1747H. Glasse Cookery xvii. 147 Strain them [sc. elderberries] through a coarse Cloth, wringing the Berries. 1799G. Smith Laboratory I. 263 Pour the rest of the milk to it,..then wring it through a cloth. 1865Swinburne Chastelard iii. i. 97 That your face Seen through my sleep has wrung mine eyes to tears For pure delight in you.
absol.c1050in Techmer Zeitschrift (1885) II. 123 Donne þu cyse habban wille, sete þonne þine twa handa togæþere bra[d]linga, swilce þu wringan wille.
b. To strain (juice, moisture, etc.) from a moist or wet substance by squeezing or torsion; to extract (fluid) from or out of something by pressure, etc. Occas. in fig. context. Also with advs., as forth, out (sense 14 a).
c888ælfred Boeth. v. §2 Ne meaht þu win wringan on mide winter. c1000Sax. Leechd. I. 72 Ᵹenim þære ylcan wyrte leaf,..wyl on wætere, & wring þæt wos. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xvii. clxxxviii. (Bodl. MS.), Newe wyne þat is newe take oute of þe presse and wrong. a1400Leg. Rood (1871) 138 Cristes Cros ȝit spac þis speche: Furst was I presse wyn to wringe. 1535Coverdale Judges vi. 38 He wrange y⊇ dew out of the flese. 1576G. Baker tr. Gesner's Jewell of Health 11 b, We..distill the lycour wrynged forth. 1631J. Anchoran Comenius' Gate Tongues 69 Oyle is wringed and strained out of oliues. a1700Evelyn Diary 21 May 1645, A laundress wringing water out of a piece of linen. 1746Hervey Medit. 42 The intolerable Pressure wrung Blood, instead of Sweat, from every Pore. 1857Ruskin Pol. Econ. Art i. 17 You have to..wring the honey and oil out of the rock. 1888F. Hume Mme. Midas i. Prol., Wringing the water from his coarse clothing.
transf.1652Bell tr. Luther's Table Talk xxxv. 381 He wringeth from me a bitter sweat.
c. transf. To force (tears) out of the eye, from a person, etc.; to squeeze out.
a1395Hylton Scala Perf. i. lix. (W. de W. 1494), He..somtyme wryngeth a tere oute of his eye. 1592Kyd Sp. Trag. iii. xiii. 135 Art thou come..To wring more teares from Isabellas eies? 1602Marston Antonio's Rev. i. v, The gripe of chaunce is weake to wring a teare From him. 1683Dryden & Lee Dk. Guise iii. i, It wrings the Tears from Grillon's Iron Heart. 1766Goldsm. Vic. W. xvii, It is not a small distress that can wring tears from these old eyes. 1815Milman Fazio i. i, 'Twere sin to charity To wring one drop of brine upon thy corpse. 1819Keats Otho iii. ii. 221 A foolish dream that from my brow hath wrung A wrathful dew.
2. a. To twist, writhe, or wrest (a person or thing); to force (a limb, etc.) round or about so as to cause a sprain or pain.
c1000Sax. Leechd. II. 196 Teoh him þa loccas, & wringe þa earan & þone wangbeard twicciᵹe. 1362Langl. P. Pl. A. vii. 162 Hongur..hente wastor bi þe mawe, And wrong him..be þe wombe. c1435Torr. Portugal 1014 By the nose I schall the wryng, Thow berdles gadlyng. 1481Caxton Reynard xl. (Arb.) 111 The foxe..grepe the wulf fast by the colyons. And he wronge hem so sore that [etc.]. c1520Skelton Magnyf. 2196 Iche shall wrynge the..on the wryst. 1578H. Wotton Courtlie Controv. 114 After they had chaffed his temples.., wrong hys little finger [etc.]. 1612Shelton Quix. i. iv. v. 338 He wrung her throat so straitly betweene both his armes, that [etc.]. 1633G. Herbert Temple, Agonie ii, There shall he see a man..wrung with pains. 1709Steele Tatler No. 137 ⁋3 Let me wring your Neck round your Shoulders. 1727–41[see twist v. 9 b]. 1815Burney Dict. Marine, To Wring a Mast, is to bend or strain it out of its natural position by setting the shrouds up too taught. 1816Scott Bl. Dwarf viii, It's but wringing the head o' him about at last. 1839Lane Arab. Nts. I. 64 The memlook..began to wring it [sc. another's ear] by little and little. 1881‘Rita’ My Lady Coquette xix, I shall wring that Budd's neck if he comes in my way.
refl.a1548Hall Chron., Hen. VIII, 171 The common people..wrong them selfes by the berdes.
fig.1900J. L. Allen Incr. Purpose iv. 39 His heart-strings were twisted tight and wrung sore this day.
b. To contract or contort (the features, etc.); to screw, distort, turn awry.
a1300K. Horn 1062 (Camb.), Horn tok burdon & scrippe, & wrong his lippe. 1576Whetstone Rocke of Regard I. 83 She wroung her mouth awry. 1602Marston Antonio's Rev. i. v, Would'st have me..wring my face with mimic action? 1607Topsell Four-f. Beasts 141 When he fauneth vpon a man he [sc. a dog] wringeth his skinne in the forehead. 1665J. Wilson Projectors i. i. 8 Do you not observe Sir, how hard he wrings his brows? 1808Scott Marm. vi. xxx. 5 When pain and anguish wring the brow. 1885R. L. & F. Stevenson Dynamiter 184 The white face..wrung with unspoken thoughts.
c. To twist or force (the features) into or to a smile, etc.
1806J. Beresford Miseries Hum. Life (ed. 4) vii. xxxv, The necessity..of wringing your features into a smirk, in addressing a poltroon. 1827Hood Mids. Fairies xciv, To hope my solemn countenance to wring To idiot smiles!
3. a. To twist (a wet garment, cloth, etc.) in the hands, so as to force out water; also in modern use, to pass through a wringer. Occas. in fig. context. Also with away (quot. 1728).
c1300Havelok 1233 He sholen hire cloþen washen and wringen. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. xiv. 18 Dowel shal wasshen it [sc. a coat] and wryngen it þorw a wys confessour. c1425MS. Sloane 73 fol. 201, [When] þat þou moystist it þus..loke þat þou wrynge it clene. 1471Caxton Recuyell (Sommer) 494 After she toke oute the sherte appertly and wronge hit. 1530Palsgr. 785/2, I wringe..a clothe that is wete. 1598R. Grenewey Tacitus, Ann. xi. x. 152 The presses were wrung, the vessels flowed with wine. 1633Ford Tis Pity iii. vii, My whole body is in a sweat, that you may wring my shirt; feel here. 1684Boyle Porousn. Bod. iii. 11 To purify Quicksilver by tying it up strictly in a piece of kids..leather, and then wringing it hard to force it out. 1728Ramsay Last Sp. Miser vii, I never..wrung away my sarks with washing. 1732Swift Let. to J. Brandreth 30 June, Take care of damps;..if a stocking happens to fall off a chair, you may wring it next morning. 1812J. Wilson Isle of Palms ii. 283 Weeping, she wrings his dripping hair. 1874Blackie Self-Cult. 51 A wet sheet, dipped in water, and well wrung.
absol.c1425in Rel. Ant. I. 275 A woman ys a worthy thyng: They dothe washe and dothe wrynge. 1573Tusser Husb. (1878) 173 Maids, wash well and wring well. 1635Life & Death Long Meg Westm. ii. 5 She had been..used..to hard labour, as to wash, to wring.
b. To clasp and twist (the hands or fingers) together, esp. in token or by reason of distress or pain.
In very frequent use from c 1300.
c1290S. Eng. Leg. I. 43/303 He weop and criede and wrong is hondene. a1300K. Horn 980 (Camb. MS.), Hire fingres [Harl. hondes] he gan wringe. 1362Langl. P. Pl. A. v. 68 Wroþliche he wrong his fust. c1375Cursor M. 23960 (Fairf.), Hir louelie fingris ho did wringe. a1440Sir Eglam. 815 They weptyn faste and wrang ther hande. c1489Caxton Sonnes of Aymon i. 37 There had you seen..many a hande wrongen. 1523Ld. Berners Froiss. I. cclxx. 165/1 They wronge their handes and tare their heeres. 1611Beaum. & Fl. Knt. Burn. Pestle iv. i. Song, Come you whose loves are dead,..Weep and wring Every hand and every head. 1659W. Chamberlayne Pharon. iii. ii. 105 Her hands Wringing each other's ivory joints. 1749Smollett Regicide iv. v, Wherefore dost thou wring thy tender hands? 1798Edgeworth Pract. Educ. (1811) I. 104 Persons in violent grief wring their hands and convulse their countenances. 1845J. C. Mangan German Anthol. I. 162 She wrang her hands till blood gushed forth. 1884F. M. Crawford Rom. Singer I. 89 He wrung his fingers together and breathed hard.
transf.1865Dickens Mut. Fr. i. xii, The wind sawed... The shrubs wrung their many hands.
absol.a1300Cursor M. 23960, I se him hang, I se hir wring. c1386Chaucer Clerk's T. 1212 Lat hym care and wepe and wryng and waille. c1430Pol., Rel. & L. Poems (1903) 236, I wringe & wepe as þing for-lorn. 1587Turberv. Trag. T. (1837) 251 She wrong and wept a pace.
4. a. Of a tight shoe or boot: To press painfully upon (the foot, toe, etc.); to hurt (a person) in this way; = pinch v. 1 b.
c1449Pecock Repr. iii. xi. 347 The schoon schulden be so narowe, that thei schulden needis wringe his sones feet into greet peyne. 1540Palsgr. Acolastus iv. vii. X iij, Doth thy shoe wrynge the? 1580North Plutarch, P. æmylius (1595) 262 Is not this a goodly shooe?..yet..neuer a one of you can tell where it wringeth me. 1581G. Pettie tr. Guazzo's Civ. Conv. i. 11 Hee bought a paire of Bootes, whereof the one was so straite that it wrong his legge and foote verie sore. 1612Shelton Quix. ii. (1620) 223, I know where my shoo wrings me. 1678Otway Friendship in F. iv, Quit her! as chearfully, as I would a Shooe that wrings me. 1770Langhorne Plutarch (1879) I. 297/2 None knows where it [a shoe] wrings him but he that wears it. 1831R. Lower Tom Cladpole xxiv, I gun to feel..De haboot ring ma toe.
b. In figurative contexts; esp. in the proverbial phrase to know where the shoe wrings one, or variants of this: cf. pinch v. 1 b.
c1386Chaucer Merch. T. 341, I woot best wher wryngeth me my sho. ― Wife's Prol. 492 He sat ful ofte and song Whan þat his shoo ful bitterly hym wrong. 1546J. Heywood Prov. ii. v. (1867) 57 My selfe can tell best, where my shooe doth wryng mee. 1584Lodge Alarm E iij b, We shall finde whereas their shooe wringeth them. 1602Middleton Blurt, Master-Constable A 4 b, I haue a shooe wrings me to th' heart. 1654Earl of Monmouth tr. Bentivoglio's Wars Flanders 253 Here it is that the King of Spains shoe wrings him. 1672Marvell Reh. Transp. i. 314 They see where the shoo wrings him.
c. absol., esp. in fig. or proverbial use.
1580Lyly Euphues (Arb.) 413, I see that others maye gesse where the shooe wringes, besides him that weares it. 1589Greene Menaphon (Arb.) 54 As he were a Coblers eldest sonne, [he] would by the laste tell where anothers shooe wrings. 1609Rowlands Crew Kind Gossips 4 Little do you know where my shoo wrings. 1658A. Fox tr. Würtz' Surg. ii. xxv. 149 He that weareth the shooes knoweth where they wring. 1887Brighouse News 23 July (E.D.D.), Every man knows best where his shoe wrings.
5. a. To cause anguish or distress to (a person, his heart, etc.); to vex, distress, rack.
In freq. use from c 1780, esp. with heart.
c1374Chaucer Troylus iii. 1531 So hard hym wrong of sharp desir þe peyne. 1390Gower Conf. II. 91 If that thou fiele That love wringe thee to sore, Behold Ovide and take his lore. a1535Fisher Serm. Wks. (1876) 419 A penitent soule, that is sore prest and wrong with vtter shame. 1575Gascoigne Dan Barth., Reporter vi, In deede the rage which wrong him there, was rathe. 1614Wither Juvenil., Epigr. v. 6 Where only thine own guiltinesse doth wring thee. 1648Hunting of Fox 32 Every word hath its weight, and secretly wrings those lay-Levites. 1746Francis tr. Horace, Art of Poetry 158 For Nature..Wrings the sad Soul, and bends it down to Earth. 1766Goldsm. Vicar xxviii, Though he has wrung my heart,..that shall never inspire me with vengeance. 1831James Phil. Augustus III. ii, Even the sunbeam..seemed but given to wring him [sc. a prisoner] with the memory of sweets he could not taste. 1845J. C. Mangan German Anthol. I. 161 Remorse may wring thy soul too late! 1884W. C. Smith Kildrostan 79, I must tell you all, Howe'er it wring my heart.
absol.1553R. Ascham Germany 23 His talke is alwayes so accompanied with discression.., as he neither biteth with wordes, nor wringeth with deedes. a1893C. Rossetti Poems (1904) 215/1 O faces unforgotten! if to part Wrung sore, what will it be to re-embrace?
b. To affect (a person, etc.) with bodily pain, hurt, or damage (sometimes spec. by torsion or pressure); to hurt, harm, or injure. Now dial. or arch. (after Shakespeare).
c1520Skelton Magnyf. 2047 Howe the gowte wryngeth me by the too! 1565Cooper Thesaurus s.v. Constrictus, The mouthe wrounge with the bytte. 1580Lyly Euphues (Arb.) 249 Wring not a horse on the withers, with a false saddle. 1617Moryson Itin. i. 55 After they had first wrung their foreheads with twisted ropes. 1623St. Papers, Col. 217 [Stale cider] doth extraordinarily wring the belly. 1698Fryer Acc. E. India & P. 176 Being wrung by her Pain. 1711Lond. Gaz. No. 4886/4 Rung with the Fetters on the white Foot, and rung a little on the Shoulders. 1718Pope Iliad xvi. 195 When scalding Thirst their burning Bowels wrings. 1882N. & Q. 29 July 94/1 My clothes wring me. 1887Kentish Gloss. 192, I wrung my shoulder with carrying a twenty-stale ladder.
absol.1575Gascoigne Weedes, Compl. Gr. Knt., A peece which shot..so streight, It neyther bruzed with recule, nor wroong with overweight.
fig. or in fig. context.1580Lyly Euphues (Arb.) 387 For deny I wil not that I am wroung on the withers. 1596Shakes. 1 Hen. IV. ii. i. 7 The poore Iade is wrung in the withers. [Cf. unwrung ppl. a.] 1888E. Gosse Congreve 3 It wrung the withers of the poets of Collier's day.
c. To distress or afflict (a person) by exaction, severity, etc.; to oppress, keep down.
1550Becon Fortr. Faithful c iiij, Thus y⊇ pore people be so wrounge of these ungentle gentlemen, yt the selye soules are lyke unto dry haddockes. 1599in Fowler Hist. C.C.C. (O.H.S.) 352 So as you [do not]..wring your Tenants in such sort for your private gain. 1613Princess Elizabeth in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. ii. III. 232 My Lorde, I have not bin forward to wringe you with requests. 1615Sylvester Job Triumph. iii. 537 The meanest Groom I saw, I feared so, I durst not wring, nor wrong, nor wrangle with. 1742Young Nt. Th. ii. 152 Bare existence, man, to live ordain'd, Wrings, and oppresses with enormous weight.
†d. To press or ply (a person) with argument or confutation. Obs. rare.
1567Harding in Jewel Def. Apol. 2 What doo Heretikes when they are vrged and wroonge, when by force of arguments they are straighted. 1646Trapp Comm. John viii. 7 Thus our Saviour wrings those supercilious and censorious hypocrites.
6. a. To wrench or wrest out of position or relation; to cause to change place by turning or twisting. Const. with advs., as apart, asunder, or preps., as from, off, out of.
c1320Sir Tristrem 3262 His stirops he made him tine, To grounde he him wrong. 1495Trevisa's Barth. De P.R. xi. xiii. (W. de W.) 9 vi b, Thonder dystroyeth hye trees and wryngyth [MSS. roteþ] theym out of the grounde. 1535Coverdale Lev. i. 15 The prest shal..wrynge the neck of it a sunder. a1553Udall Roister D. i. iv, He wrong a club..out of the hande of Belzebub. 1587Golding De Mornay xxv. (1592) 386, I will..wring a sunder the yron barres [= Isaiah xlv. 2]. 1635Long Meg Westm. xx, Meg..did wring the stick out of his hands. 1699T. Allison Voy. Archangel 18 Our Rudder Head was wrung in peices. a1784in Child Ballads III. 480/1 His neck in twa I wat they hae wrung. 1857Borrow Romany Rye xli. (1903) 257 My mouth being slightly wrung aside, and my complexion rather swarthy. 1883Stevenson Treas. Isl. xi, I'll wring his calf's head off his body.
fig. and in fig. context.1548Udall Erasm. Par. Pref. B j, Godly Counsaillours, whom..this wicked rable found meanes to wryng out of fauour. 1580Lyly Euphues (Arb.) 295 Now you haue my opinion, you must not think to wring me from it. a1592[see wrest n. 5 b]. 1817Shelley Rev. Islam x. xli, Who the life from both their hearts can wring. c1830Bryant The Past v, My spirit..struggles hard to wring Thy bolts apart. 1878Browning La Saisiaz 51 Each kindly wrench that wrung From life's tree its inmost virtue.
refl.a1716South Serm. (1744) VIII. 127 To wring themselves out of God's hand by annihilation.
b. To bring out (words, etc.) with effort.
a1350in Relig. Lyrics 14th C. (1924) 34 Þou wringest mani wrang word Wiþ wanges ful wete. 1633G. Herbert Temple, Praise (No. 3) i, Lord, I will..speak thy praise,..Then will I wring it with a sigh or grone. 1820Keats Ode to Psyche 1 Hear these tuneless numbers, wrung By sweet enforcement and remembrance dear.
7. a. To acquire or gain (money, property, a right, etc.) by exaction or extortion; to wrest or wrench from or out of a person, etc.
a1300Sarmun in E.E.P. (1862) 3 Þe wrecchis wringit þe mok so fast; up ham silf hi nul noȝt spend. 14..Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 583 Flecto, to wrynge mony. 1576Fleming Panopl. Epist. 113 All which priuileges..they..do what they can to wrest and wring from us. 1594West 2nd Pt. Symbol. §215 Those offences..are committed when any..wringeth money or other things from another man. 1630R. Johnson's Kingd. & Commw. 367 That Marquisate of Saluzzes..which Henry the fourth of France wrung from him. 1730Bailey (fol.), Extort, to wrest, wring or get out of one by force, threat or authority. 1819Scott Ivanhoe vi, Hard hands have wrung from me my goods, my money, my ships. 1855Macaulay Hist. Eng. xxii. IV. 727 To wring taxes out of the distressed population. 1868Farrar Silence & V. i. (1875) 15 The fields which the usurer has wrung from the orphan.
absol.1582[see wrest v. 4 b].
fig. and transf.1596Spenser State Irel. Wks. (Globe) 620 How hardly that Act of Parliament was wronge out of them. 1608–11Bp. Hall Epist. i. Ep. Ded., It were well..if I could wring ought from my selfe not vnworthie of a iudicious Reader. 1828Carlyle Misc., Burns ⁋31 They will wring from Fate another hour of wassail and good cheer. 1842J. Wilson Chr. North (1857) I. 160 To wring from the very soil more than it could produce. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. ix. II. 464 The pressure which had wrung from him the only good acts of his whole reign.
b. To exact, extort, or draw (an admission, consent, etc.) from or out of a person, etc.
In frequent use from c 1830.
c1444[see wresting vbl. n. 2.] 1581Lambarde Eiren. ii. vii. (1588) 213 At the common Law, Nemo tenebatur prodere seipsum, and then his fault was not to be wrung out of himselfe, but [etc.]. 1642D. Rogers Naaman 41 The Lord doth not so..to wring from him some tearmes of homage. 1671Milton Samson 1199 [They] constrain'd the bride To wring from me..my secret. 1721Young Revenge ii. i, I wrung a promise from him he would try. 1792Rogers Pleas. Mem. i. 352 To wring the slow surrender from his tongue. 1833H. Martineau Brooke Farm vi. 79, I was determined no enemy should wring a complaint out of me. 1864G. A. Lawrence M. Dering II. 83 The gay dare-devilry of the man wrung from both..admiration. 1892Speaker 3 Sept. 293 These are not admissions wrung by the energy of his opponents from Mr. Huxley.
transf.a1813Shelley Falsehood & Vice 73 The stifled moan Wrung from a nation's miseries.
fig.1853Maurice Proph. & Kings xxv. 441 Wringing out of texts or symbols..the proof of some New Testament revelation.
8. a. To press, clasp, or shake (a person's hand); to press (a person) by the hand; to shake hands with.
1534More Comf. agst. Trib. ii. Wks. 1170/1 The one toke the other by the tip of the finger, for hand would there none be wrongen thorow the grate. 1580Lyly Euphues (Arb.) 333 So wringing hir by the hand, he ended. 1601? Marston Pasquil & Kath. iii. (1878) 137 I'le..wring thy fingers with an ardent gripe. a1700Evelyn Diary 18 Aug. 1673, He wrung me by the hand. 1713Addison Cato i. iv, The good old King at parting wrung my hand. 1816Scott Bl. Dwarf xvii, Langley took his hand, and..wrung it hard. 1848Dickens Dombey l, Mr. Toots..wringing Walter by the hand. 1883D. C. Murray Hearts iii, He shook hands with Tom, wringing his hand harder than he knew.
b. To squeeze or compress together. rare—1.
1603G. Owen Pembrokeshire i. (1891) 3 He Joyned in on Mappe..the [four] greate sheeres [= shires]..by reason whereof he was forced to wringe them..neere together.
9. a. To subject (something) to a writhing, wresting, or turning movement; to press, drive, or impel in this way. Occas. fig. or in fig. context. Also with preps., as in, into, upon.
13..K. Alis. 2383 (Laud MS.), His spores he gynneþ in horse wrynge. a1489Caxton Blanchardyn xlix. 190 He wrang his fystes and brake the cordes al a sonder. 1565J. Hall Crt. Vertue 73 b, Of wexe they make scripture a nose, To turne and wryng it evry waye. 1582Mulcaster Elementarie Peroration (1925) 252 In tormenting the minde, and wringing it to the worst. 1584R. Scot Discov. Witchcr. xiii. xxv. (1886) 270 If you wring a testor upon ones forehead, it will seeme to sticke, when it is taken awaie. a1586Sidney Arcadia ii. ii, Wringing [folios wrieng] her waste, and thrusting out her chinne. 1610Shakes. Temp. i. ii. 135 It is a hint That wrings mine eyes too 't. 1648Hexham, Wringh-aersen, to Wringe or Friggle the taile. 1760–2Goldsm. Cit. W. lxxix, They must..wring their figures into every shape of distress. 1818Scott Br. Lamm. xxxv, And is it true, then,..that the bridegroom's face was wrung round ahint him? 1862Mrs. Browning Little Mattie iii, Her lips you cannot wring Into saying a word more.
transf.c1489Caxton Blanchardyn vii. 28 [He] wringed his strock atte the pullyng out ayen, that he made of his swerde.
b. To wrest or twist (a writing, words, etc.); to strain the purport or meaning of; to deflect, pevert; = wrest v. 5.
[1393Langl. P. Pl. C. v. 31 Wily-man and wittiman and waryn wrynge-lawe.] 1546Supplic. of Poore Commons (E.E.T.S.) 77 Wringyng & wrestynge the Scriptures. 1581[see wrest v. 5]. 1606S. Gardiner Bk. Angling 109 By this wringing the Scripture and causing it to bleede. 1641Milton Ch. Govt. v, By wringing the collective allegory of those seven Angels into seven single Rochets. 1645― Tetrach. 8 [God's] commands and words.. are not to be so strictly wrung, as [etc.].
absol.1540Coverdale Confut. Standish (1547) d vij b, Thus make ye of gods holy scripture a shipmans hose, wresting and wringing to what purpose ye will. 1564[see wrest v. 5].
c. To turn or deflect (a matter) into or to something; to convert. ? Obs.
1524State Papers Hen. VIII, I. 152 To wryng and wreste the maters in to bettre trayne, if they walke a wrye. 1848L. Hunt Jar Honey p. xvii. (tr. Bacon), So are those doctrines best and sweetest which..are not wrung into controversies and common-places.
†d. To incline or dispose (a person); to bend or divert to something. Obs.
1528More Dyaloge iii. Wks. 210/1 Our harte euer thinketh the iudgement wrong, that wringeth us to the worse. 1553R. Ascham Germany 6 b, Octauio was euermore wrong to the worse by many and sundry spites. 1579[see wrest v. 3].
e. To wreathe, twist, or coil (something flexible); to wind or dispose in coils.
1585T. Washington tr. Nicholay's Voy. ii. xvi. 50 b, Another great columne..in forme of three serpents, wrong one within another. 1597A. M. tr. Guillemeau's Fr. Chirurg. 29 b/1 Cause the patient gentlye to wring about his neck a table naptkinne or a towell. 1623tr. Favine's Theat. Hon. iv. iii. 3 That is to say, a Serpent writhed or wrung together. 1837A. Tennent Vis. Glencoe 49 Some in coils their forms did wring, As when the deadly serpent's spring Insures its victim's doom. 1896‘M. Field’ Attila iv. 107 She catches hold of her own veil and wrings it round her head.
†10. refl. To wriggle or insinuate (oneself) into a place, favour, etc. Obs.
a1525Vergilius in Thoms E.E. Prose Rom. II. 27 The deuyll wrange hym selfe into the lytell hole ayen. 1592Nashe P. Penilesse B 4 b, They wring themselues into his good opinion ere he be aware. 1602Marston Ant. & Mel. iii, Niggard life Hath but one little, little wicket through. We wring our selves into this wretched world..to curse and raile. 1621J. Taylor (Water P.) Superbiæ Flagellum D 7 b, These vipers..proudly make humility a screw, To wring themselues into opinions view.
II. With adverbs.
11. wring down: To force, squeeze, or press down; spec. to force down the throat.
1633Swedish Intelligencer iii. 23 [They] will eate you whole handfulls of raw Onyons..as familiarly as an Italian wrings downe sallets, or we apples. 1874T. Hardy Far from Madding Crowd lii, There were the fellers round her wringing down the cheese [in the press].
12. wring in: To insert, insinuate, or bring in with or as with a twisting movement. Chiefly fig.
1579Fulke Heskins Parl. 227 Maister Hesk. wold fain make Euthymius to speak for him, if he could tell how to wring him in. 1597[see wrest v. 1 c]. 1599B. Jonson Cynthia's Rev. ii. iv, Who when they haue got acquainted with a strange word, neuer rest till they haue wroong it in. 1622Drayton Poly-olb. xxi. 187 Giue me those Lines..In which things naturall be, and not in falsely wrong.
13. wring off: To wrest or force off by twisting or turning round.
c1520Skelton Magnyf. 1909 Of some I wrynge of the necke lyke a wyre. 1611Bible Lev. i. 15 The Priest shall bring it vnto the altar, and wring off his head. 1726Swift Gulliver ii. v, One of our servants..wrung off the bird's neck. 1865Swinburne Chastelard iv. i. 167 Let one..Wring my crown off and cast it underfoot.
14. wring out:
a. To force out (moisture) by or as by twisting; to squeeze out. Also fig. and transf. Cf. outwring v.
1340–70Alisaunder 712 Hee wringes oute þe wet wus. c1385Chaucer L.G.W. 2527 Phillis, To meche truste wel may I pleyne..on ȝoure teris falsely out i-wronge. 1388Wyclif Isaiah xvi. 10 He that was wont to wringe out, schal not wrynge out wyn in a pressour. c1420Liber Cocorum (1862) 50 Þen grynde tansy, þo iuse owte wrynge. c1450Mirour Saluacioun (Roxb.) 33 Gedeon wronge out the dewe. 1560J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 40 b, He that bloweth his nose ouermuche, shall wringe out bloude. a1586Sidney Arcadia ii. xxvii, With that the fellow..wrang out teares. 1612S. Rid Art of Jugling E 3 b, So (with a little sponge in your hand) you may wringe out blood or wine. 1624Wotton Archit. 111 A sturdie woman, washing and winding of linnen clothes,..wrings out the water. 1743Blair Grave 328 From stubborn shrubs Thou wrung'st their shy retiring virtues out. 1816J. Wilson City of Plague ii. i. 196 Such return Wrings out the tears from my old wither'd heart.
transf.1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. v. xxxvi. (Bodl. MS.), Colde aier..is ywronge oute [L. exprimitur] and idrawe to þe vtter parties.
b. To strain (a wet fabric, etc.) with a twisting motion, so as to press out most of the moisture. Also const. of (the liquid in which the thing has been wetted).
13..[see 1]. 1388Wyclif Judges vi. 38 Whanne the flees was wrongun out, he fillide a pot with deew. c1440Pallad. on Husb. ii. 417 [After it has been] so steped xix dayes, Wrynge out the mirte [= myrtle berries] & clense hit. 1561Hollybush Hom. Apoth. 23 Wet a long cloth,..wringe it well oute. 1576G. Baker tr. Gesner's Jewell of Health 11 b, We wring out..the thyngs infused. 1676Wiseman Surg. ii. ix. 191 With a Compress wrung out as is prescribed. 1771E. Haywood New Present for Maid 268 Then wring them out of those suds. 1848Mrs. Gaskell Mary Barton viii, Just help me wring these out, and then I'll take 'em to the mangle. 1896Allbutt's Syst. Med. I. 419 A large towel wrung out of cold water.
c. To get or fetch out (something) with a wrenching movement; to wrench or wrest out.
c1420Wycliffite Bible 2 Sam. xxiii. 21 (MS. Bodl. 296), He wrong out þe spere fro þe hond.
d. To express or bring out with effort. (Cf. 6 b.)
1402Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 106 Oft, Dawe, in thi writtyng, thou wryngist out contradiccion. 1831Lamb Elia ii. Newspapers 35 Years ago, We were wringing out coy sprightliness for the [Morning] Post.
e. To obtain or draw (something) from another by pressure, application, or art; to extract, elicit, bring out.
1560J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 118 b, Of all these thynges can they [sc. merchants] wrynge out [L. elicere] golde and syluer, to the wonderfull losse of people. 1591Lyly Endym. v. iii, Marking..my sighes,..by questions [he] wrunge out that, which was readie to burst out. 1598R. Grenewey Tacitus, Ann. xv. v. 228 Let false praise, and wroong out by praiers be restrained. 1602Marston Antonio's Rev. ii. v, Present thy guilt, As if twere wrung out with thy conscience gripe. 1674N. Fairfax Bulk & Selv. 90 That which claws away world from about them, would, 'tis like, wring out their Planethood from within them. 1833I. Taylor Fanat. ii. 38 The gratification..is wrung out from the very torments of the heart. 1855Macaulay Hist. Eng. xix. IV. 287 In order to wring out from them the names of their employers. 1879Browning Martin Relph 121 He wrung their pardon out.
† f. To expel or depose (a person) from position or office; to thrust out. Obs.
1560J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 174 b, After he had wronge oute [L. eliserat] Mathew Helde..he..placed [another]..in his rome. 1631Weever Anc. Funeral Mon. 232 In which office he continued, vntill hee was wrung out by Wolsey.
15. wring up:
a. To pull up with a twist; to wrench up.
c1440Pallad. on Husb. ii. 185 The wedis with an hond most vp be wronge. [Cf. upwring, up- 4 a].
b. To squeeze, press, or compact by torsion; to twist or screw up.
c1420Liber Cocorum (1862) 14 Take almondes, bray hem, wryng hom up. c1440in Househ. Ord. (1790) 442 Take parsel, and grinde hit, and wringe hit up with egges thrugh a streynour. 1885C. G. W. Lock Workshop Receipts Ser. iv. 244 Wring the book up tightly in the press. 1891T. Hardy Tess iii, The very white frock..which had been wrung up and ironed by her mother's own hands.
c. Mining. In passive. Of a lode: To become diminished or dwindled.
1839H. T. De la Beche Rep. Geol. Cornwall, etc. xi. 343 By continuing the workings through the space so wrung-up. 1855[J. R. Leifchild] Cornwall 143 Sometimes the lode..becomes ‘wrung up’, or impoverished.
III. intr.
†16.
a. To flow or run out under pressure; to issue. Obs.
a1225Ancr. R. 322 Al þet fule wrusum scheaweð him, & wringeð ut biuoren al þe wide worlde. a1240Wohunge in O.E. Hom. I. 281 Þat te blod wrang ut at tine finger neiles. a1300Cursor M. 11700, I wil þat vte þe water wring. c1400Emare 881 The teres out of hys yen gan wryng. a1450Northern Passion (D) 1880 Þe bloode a non began out to springe And þan þe watir after to wringe.
†b. To struggle or force a way out. Also fig.
c1384Chaucer H. Fame 2110 Thus oute at holes gunne wringe Euery tydynge streght to Fame. a1525Vergilius in Thoms E.E. Prose Rom. II. 26 There was a lytell hole, and therat wrange the deuyll out like a yeel. 1584R. Scot Discov. Witchcr. iii. xvi. 51 Little holes where a flie can scarselie wring out.
c. Mining. With out. (See quot. and 15 c.)
1855[J. R. Leifchild] Cornwall 91 Sometimes the schist so abounds in the lode, that the quartzose part disappears altogether, or is only continued in minute strings. In such a case, the lode is said to have dwindled away, or to have wrung out.
†17.
a. To suffer or sustain twisting, wrenching, or turning. Obs.
a1225Leg. Kath. 1368 Þe keiser..bed..ba binden ham swa, þe fet & te honden, þet ha wrungen aȝein.
b. To be engaged in, to perform the action of, writhing or twisting; esp. of the hands.
1377Langl. P. Pl. B. v. 85 His body was to-bolle for wratthe,..And wryngynge he ȝede with þe fiste. c1435Torr. Portugal 1690 Fore his men pursued a dere, To his castell,..That doth my hondys wring, This Giaunt hym toke. a1450Myrc Par. Pr. 780 Koghe þow not þenne, þy þonkes, Ny wrynge þou not wyth þy schonkes. a1480Piers of Fulham 143 in Hazl. E.P.P. II. 7 A gentyll byrd takyn can no defense, Save wrastyll and wrynge with the tale a lyte. 1546Supplic. Poore Commons (E.E.T.S.) 69 When they sawe the worlde som what lyke to wrynge on the other syde, they denyed it. 1604E. T. Case is altered C ij b, His wife with her handes wringing entertaines him with a weeping. 1682Bunyan Holy War 153 Mr. Weteyes went with hands wringing together. 183.J. Edmeston in Sacred Poetry (1868) 243 The hands I love dearly are wringing.
†18. To fling away ; to rush precipitately. Obs.
c1400Sowodne Bab. 2557 Richard the whiles away he wronge, Thile thai were alle dismayede.
19. a. To twist the body in struggling or striving; to struggle with or strive against something; to contend, labour, or endeavour earnestly.
1470–85Malory Arthur v. v. 168 Arthur weltred and wrong that he was other whyle vnder and another tyme aboue. 1489[see wrestle v. 2 b]. 1548P. Nicols Godly New Story E iij b, Some wring & wrest to go backe agayn into Egypt. 1556J. Heywood Spider & Fly i. 59 The more he [sc. a fly] wrange, the faster was he wrapt [in the web]. 1570Drant Two Serm. K vj, Iannes and Mambres wrong and shouldered at the truth. 1791[W. Beckford] Pop. Tales of Germans II. 123 Violent convulsion fits shewed that they were wringing with death. 1837Carlyle Misc. (1857) IV. 114 With the many-headed coil of Lernean serpents..[Hercules] wrestled and wrang..for life or death.
b. To twist, turn, or struggle in pain or anguish; to writhe.
c1485Digby Myst. (1882) iii. 1409 Swyche a cramp on me sett is,..I ly and wryng. 1596Harington Metam. Ajax (1814) 45 He..looked as if he had been wringing hard on a close-stool. 1611Shakes. Cymb. iii. vi. 79 He wrings at some distresse. 1633Bp. Hall Occas. Medit. lxix. 167 How is it [sc. a worm] vexed with the scorching beames, and wrings up and down! 1789[see wringle v. 2]. 1843Carlyle Past & Pr. iii. i, In hydra-wrestle, giant ‘Millocracy’..wrestles and wrings in choking nightmare.
c. To suffer or undergo grief, pain, punishment, etc. (for something).
1565J. Hall Crt. Vertue 134 b, None but the poore Doth wrynge therfore, And suffer the distres. 1586J. Ferne Blaz. Gentrie 22 The shoemaker..hath so scanted his shoe that his foote wringeth therewith. 1608Chapman Byron's Conspiracy i. i, Such as are impatient of rest; And wring beneath some priuate discontent. 1760–72H. Brooke Fool of Qual. (1809) III. 28 My heart wrings with regret. 1831R. Lower Tom Cladpole cxlvi, My toe did ring full sore. 1882N. & Q. 17 June 468/2, I took it [sc. a feather bed] away,..because he would not wring so [i.e. have such bed-sores].
20.
†a. To set upon a person with hostile language. Obs.
1581J. Bell Haddon's Answ. Osor. 334 Whereunto tendeth all the endeuour of those men, whome Osorius here wringeth vpon [L. oppugnat] so sharpely.
b. To carry on wringing or torture. rare—1.
1821Byron Two Foscari i. i, Let them wring on; I am strong yet. Guard. Confess, And the rack will be spared you.
†21. To associate, or join hands, with another. Obs. rare.
1580Lupton Sivqila 109 Which [bribe] belyke you thought that my handes did so tickle to touche, that I would wring with the wrong and flee from the truth.
IV.
22. Comb.: † wring-jaw U.S. slang, rough cider.
a1775[see 'simmon n.3]. 1845J. F. Cooper Chainbearer I. iii. 46 ‘To get a sup of cider for old Jaap.’.. His weakness in favour of wring-jaw being a well-established failing.
Hence † wringed ppl. a., wrung; squeezed (out).
1582Stanyhurst æneis ii. (Arb.) 50 Wee wer al inueigled, with wringd tears nicetye blended. a1600Roman Charity in A. Philips Coll. Old Ball. II. 142 With wringed Hands, and bitter Tears, These Words pronounced she. a1680Charnock Attrib. God (1682) 637 'Tis as if Divine Goodness did kneel down to a Sinner with wringed Hands.
▪ IV. wring
obs. erron. f. ring v.2 |