| 释义 |
▪ I. lease, n.1, leaze|liːz|
Now dial. Forms: 1 lǽs, 3–6 lese, 4–5 leese, 5–9 lees, 6 leasse, 6–7 leas, 6– lease, leaze.
[OE. lǽs str. fem.:—OTeut. type *læ̂swâ; the orig. declension was nom. lǽs, acc., gen., dat. lǽswe (whence leasow), but in OE. there appears also an oblique form lǽse. The word has sometimes been confused with the plural of lea n.1
The word is prob. etymologically identical with (blód-)lǽs, gen. -lǽswe, (blood)-letting:—OTeut. type *læ̂swâ:—pre-Teut. *lēd-twā or *lēd-swā, f. root of let v.; the original meaning would thus be land ‘let alone’, not tilled.]
Pasture; pasturage; meadow-land; common. (Cf. cow-, ewe-, horse-lease.)
a1000ælfric Colloq. in Wr.-Wülcker 91/13 Ic drife sceap mine to heora læse. a1100Voc. ibid. 177/10 Compascuus ager, ᵹemæne læs. c1290St. Brendan 134 in S. Eng. Leg. I. 223 An ylle fair ynouȝ, Grene & wiþ wel fair lese. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 1005 Lese [v.r. leseo] last þer alle winter. c1350Will. Palerne 175 Hit..couþe ful craftily kepe alle here bestes & bring hem in þe best lese. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) I. 423 In þese hilles þere is Leese i-now for al Walis. a1400Prymer (1891) 17 We been his peple and scheep of his leese. 1523Fitzherb. Husb. §148 Take thy horse and go tedure hym vpon thyn owne lees. 1578Lyte Dodoens i. lxiii. 91 The three first Plantaynes grow almost every where..in pastures and leases. 1622Wither Fair Virtue C 6 b, And my Lambkins changed from Brome leaze, to the Mead at home. a1722Lisle Husb. (1757) 394 The cattle cannot go into those deep leases, they being under water. 1794A. Young in Ann. Agric. XXII. 231 Much..common Down..stocked with bullock and sheep leases. 1880Jefferies Hodge & M. II. 277 The dead, dry grass, and the innumerable tufts of the ‘leaze’ which the cattle have not eaten. 1887Kent. Gloss., Lees, a common, or open space of pasture ground. The Leas is the name given at Folkestone to the fine open space of common at the top of the cliffs. 1898T. Hardy Wessex Poems 196 The years have gathered grayly Since I danced upon this leaze.
▪ II. lease, n.2
see lease a.
▪ III. lease, n.3|liːs|
Also 5 lese, leas, 6 leace.
[a. AF. les = OF. lais, leis, lez, etc., a letting, leaving (mod.F., with pseudo-etymological spelling legs, ‘legacy’), vbl. noun f. laisser to let, leave.]
1. A contract between parties, by which the one conveys lands or tenements to the other for life, for years, or at will, usually in consideration of rent or other periodical compensation. Also in phr. to put (out) to lease; by lease, on († in) lease.
b. The instrument by which such a conveyance is made.
c. The period of time for which the contract is made.
The grantor of a lease is called the lessor, and the grantee, the lessee. In popular lang. lease is usually confined to a conveyance by deed for a term of years.
[1292Britton iii. xi. §26 Qe il ne cleime rien el tenement for qe terme des aunz de le les un tiel.] 1483Act 1 Rich. III, c. 1 §1 Every astate feoffement yeft relesse graunte lesis and confirmacion of landys. 1495Act 11 Hen. VII, c. 9 §2 Lessees, before..they take or occupie biforce of any suche leas any suche londes. 1573Tusser Husb., Ep. to Ld. T. Paget viii. (1878) 9 Though countrie health long staid me, yet lesse expiring fraid me. 1583Stubbes Anat. Abus. ii. (1882) 31, I thought one might haue had a farme or a lease for a reasonable rent yeerely, without any fine or income paieng. 1616R. C. Times Whistle v. 1981 A..young gentleman Put out the best part of his land to lease. 1667Pepys Diary 4 June, I cannot have a lease of the ground for my coach-house. 1690Lond. Gaz. No. 2542/4 To be Lett furnished or unfurnished, by a short Lease or Yearly Rent. 1756Hume Hist. Eng. II. xxviii. 134 He got possession, on easy leases, of the revenues of Bath, Worcester and Hereford. 1758Johnson Idler No. 16 ⁋7 [He] renewed his uncle's lease of a farm. 1776Adam Smith W.N. v. ii. (1869) II. 420 All the arable lands which are given in lease to farmers. 1846McCulloch Acc. Brit. Empire (1854) I. 149 A tenant without a lease, and, consequently, depending on the goodwill and caprice of his landlord, may not deteriorate his farm. 1893Sir J. W. Chitty in Law Times Rep. LXVIII. 429/1 The lease..had been lent..to the plaintiff..for perusal. Mod. The lease had still thirty years to run.
2. fig. with reference to the permanence of occupation guaranteed by a lease; esp. in phr. a (new) lease of life. Also, the term during which possession or occupation is guaranteed.
c1586C'tess Pembroke Ps. lxxxi. vi, Of my graunt they had enjoy'd A lease of blisse with endlesse date. c1600Shakes. Sonn. cxlvi, Why so large cost, having so short a lease, Dost thou vpon thy fading mansion spend? 1605― Macb. iv. i. 99 Our high plac'd Macbeth Shall liue the Lease of Nature. 1628Rutherford Lett. (1862) I. 36 Remember of what age your daughter was, and that just so long was your lease of her. 1631Milton Epit. Marchioness Winchester 52 [Thou] That to give the world encrease, Shortned hast thy own lives lease. 1640Shirley Constant Maid iv. iii, The Statutes and the Magna Charta have taken a lease at his tongues end. 1641― Cardinal iv. i, Time has took a lease But for three lives I hope. 1647Cleveland Char. Lond. Diurn. 4, I wonder, for how many lives my Lord Hoptons Soule took the Lease of his Body. a1700Dryden Ovid's Met. xv. Pythag. Philos. 603 He..the same Lease of Life on the same Terms renews. 1706E. Baynard in Sir J. Floyer Hot & Cold Bath. ii. 192 My Lady Loyd's Case,..who when the vital Flame was even blinking in the Socket..had a new Life put to Lease. 1853Mrs. Carlyle Lett. II. 227 She was going to have a new lease of life with better health. 1865Dickens Mut. Fr. i. xiii, The suspense seemed to have taken a new lease. 1878Seeley Stein III. 397 Wherever Estates still existed, they seemed to have gained a new lease of life. 1897M. Kingsley W. Africa 685 Men and women, who looked, as the saying goes, as if you could take a lease of their lives.
3. Austral. ‘A piece of land leased for mining purposes’ (Morris).
1890Goldfields Victoria 15 A nice block of stone was crushed from Johnston's lease.
4. Comb., as lease-buyer, lease-letter, lease-possession. See also lease-monger, lease-parole.
1570Levins Manip. 204/37 Lease letter, locator... Lease byer, conductor. 1894A. Morrison Mean Streets 286 The glories of lease-possession grew dim in his eyes.
Add:[4.] b. Special Combs. U.S. Oil Industry. lease-broker, lease-grafter, lease-hound, lease-man: cf. *landman n. 5.
1922R. H. Johnson et al. Business of Oil Production vii. 59 The general speculation in leases and royalties..has brought into play a parasitic type of trader who is usually called a ‘lease grafter’... Narrowly speaking, a ‘lease grafter’ is one who resorts to deceit in his operations. [1923Federal Reporter (U.S.) CCLXXXIX. 829 The plaintiff, through its vice president, Mr. Williams, and its lease and land man, Mr. Ford, agreed to withdraw from the association with the Allied Oil Corporation.] 1926E. R. Lilley Oil Industry iv. 66 The ‘lease hound’, a man of wide acquaintance and a ‘good mixer’, is called upon to trace the ownership of the lease. 1933Federal Reporter (U.S.) LXVI. 865/2 In February, 1926, the Roxana Corporation..was acquiring a block of oil and gas leases in the vicinity of the Russell land. Kirkbride, its leaseman, understood that Benjamin owned the south half and Nathan the north half of the quarter section. 1943Tax Court Memorandum (U.S.) II. 941/2 The lease brokers and lease hounds, as they are called, would descend upon them, and the first thing they knew the negroes had sold out and had nothing left. 1963J. P. Getty My Life & Fortunes i. 19 The lobby, which was perpetually jammed with lease-brokers, wildcatters..and others directly or indirectly engaged in the hunt for oil, was the best oil-business information centre in Oklahoma. 1981Oil & Gas Jrnl. 22 June 104/3 Farris..was an independent oil and gas leaseman during 1950–57, when he joined Graham–Michaelis Corp. as general manager of Sierra Petroleum Co. Inc. 1985Washington Post 11 Jan. d10/2 Oil industry interest in exploring the rift remains intense. ‘Lease-hounds’ have been nailing down mineral rights across the region.
▪ IV. lease, n.4 Weaving.|liːs|
Also 4 lese, leese, leys, 9 leas, lays.
[app. a var. of leash n., perh. confused with an adoption of F. lisse, lice (:—L. līcia, pl. of līcium) = sense 2 below.]
†1. A certain quantity of thread. Obs.
A Fécamp document of 1235 in Du Cange has ‘In eadem Ecclesia reddit Presbyter..tres leshas cere pro candela’. Cf. lea n.4
1391Mem. Ripon (Surtees) III. 110 Et in xxviij lb. ceræ pro ij torches ad magnum altare..Et in xxiiij leses lintiaminis emp. pro eisdem. 1453–4Durham Acc. Rolls (Surtees) 633 Pro 4dd. leese de lechino ad 15d. pro candelis inde fiendis, 5s. 1457Ibid. 635, 1dd. leys de lichino.
2. The crossing of the warp-threads in a loom; the place at which the warp-threads cross. Phr. to keep, take the lease. (The corresponding Spitalfields term is cross.)
1839Ure Dict. Arts 1284 The lease being carefully tied up, affords a guide to the weaver for inserting his lease-rods. 1851Art Jrnl. Illustr. Catal. p. vii**/2 Taking the ‘lease’ previously to the yarns being submitted to the sizing process. 1883Almondbury & Huddersf. Gloss., s.v. Lays,..When the warp is made ready for the loom, the threads are separated, and passed alternately above and below a string called the laysband. Where the threads cross, or perhaps the whole arrangement itself, may be considered the lays. 1888C. P. Brooks Cotton Manuf. 30 The keeping of the lease. The latter term will be understood by all connected with weaving as being the separation of the threads alternately.
3. = leash 7 a.
1824Lond. Jrnl. Arts & Sci. VII. 184 The improved piece of mechanism..is to be placed immediately over the heddles or leases of the loom. 1831G. R. Porter Silk Manuf. 238 Separating the threads of the warp in forming the shed, thus according to the weaver's phrase augmenting the number of leases in the harness.
4. Comb.: lease-band (see quot. 1883 under sense 2); lease-rod, one of the rods placed between the warp-threads to keep the lease.
1824Lond. Jrnl. Arts & Sci. 114 The warp is drawn from this roller over a small roller, and from thence is conducted to the lease-rods. 1883A. Brown Power-loom (ed. 4) 35 The lease-rods..play a very important part in power-loom weaving... Their primary purpose is to keep the lease, so that when any of the threads are broken their proper place may be readily found in the web.
▪ V. † lease, a. and n.2 Obs.
Forms: 1 léas, 2–3 leas, 3 læs, 3–5 lese, 3–6 les, 4–5 lees, lesse, 4–6 less, 5–6 leace, Sc. leis(s, (5 leas(s)e, leys, 6 lase).
[Com. Teut.: OE. léas corresponds to OFris. lâs, OS., OHG., MHG. lôs (Du., G. los), ON. lauss (Sw. lös, Da. løs), Goth. laus:—OTeut. *lauso-, f. *laus- (:*leus-: lus-, whence lose v.), an extension of the OAryan root *leu- (Gr. λύειν to loosen). The suffix -less is etymologically identical with the present word; loose a. is an adoption of the ON. equivalent lauss.
In the Teut. langs. generally the word had the senses ‘loose’, ‘free, unoccupied’, ‘destitute of’, ‘loose in conduct, immoral’, ‘vain, empty, worthless’. In OE. the only senses are ‘destitute of’ (see -less) and ‘false, lying’.]
A. adj. Untrue, false, lying.
a900Kent Gloss. in Wr.-Wülcker 59/43 Testem fallacem, leasa ᵹewitnesse. a1200Moral Ode 255 Þa þe weren swa lese [13.. in E.E.P. 31 lease] þet me hom ne mihte ileuen. c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 71 We shule no þing seien þat les beo. a1225Leg. Kath. 1779 Leaueð to leuen lengre on þes lease maumez. c1250Gen. & Ex. 3498 Ne swer it [God's name] les to fele in gamen. c1330R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 34 Bot þe Northeren men held him no leaute..& forsoke Edrede, þer were þei les. a1366Chaucer Rom. Rose 8 An Authour..That halt not dremes false ne lees. c1440Promp. Parv. 298/1 Lees, or false, falsus. c1450Erle Tolous 1086 So are ye lythyr and lees. c1450Cov. Myst. (Shaks. Soc.) 354 He droff from me the fendes lees.
B. n. Untruth, falsehood, lying. Common in ME. poetry in the expletive without(en, but lease.
c888K. ælfred Boeth. xli. §1 Þone mon mæᵹ hatan buton lease soþe sunne. c1205Lay. 28150 Þat isæid ich þe habbe soð buten lease. c1250Gen. & Ex. 3514 False witnesse dat ðu ne bere, Ne wið ðe lese non ma[n] ne dere. a1300Cursor M. 5747 O moder bath and maiden clene, Þat siþen lang, wit-vten less, Bar child and sco þerof wemles. c1305St. Lucy 155 in E.E.P. (1862) 105 A ioyful teþinge ic ȝou telle þat soþ is and les noȝt. c1375Sc. Leg. Saints xix. (Cristofore) 99 Sa held he furth lange but lese, til he come in a wildirnes. c1385Chaucer L.G.W. 1022 (Dido) Thus seyt the bok withoutyn ony les. c1440Hylton Scala Perf. (W. de W. 1494) i. xvi, It is soth & no lees. c1460Towneley Myst. i. 158 We held with hym ther he saide leasse. 1500–20Dunbar Poems 1. 24 He knawis gif this be leiss. 1513Douglas æneis iii. ii. 115 By Olearon, and mony ilis, but les. 15..Adam Bel 460 in Hazl. E.P.P. II. 158 Syr, we be outlawes of the forest, Certayne without any leace. 1598Hakluyt Voy. I. 188 Flanders of nede must with vs haue peace Or els shee is destroyed without lees.
▪ VI. lease, v.1 Now dial.|liːz|
Forms: 1 lesan, 4 leese, (pa. tense lase, laas), 4–5 lese, 6– lease, 7– leaze.
[A Com. Teut. str. vb. (in Eng. wk. since the 14th c.): OE. lesan (pa. tense læs, pl. lǽson) to gather, glean, corresponds to OFris. lesa to read, OS. lesan to gather (Du. lezen to gather, select, read), OHG. lesan (MHG., mod.G. lesen to gather, to read), ON. lesa to gather, pick, read (Sw. läsa, Da. læse to read), Goth. lisan, galisan to gather. Outside Teut. the Lith. lesù (inf. lesti), to pick up with the beak, may be cognate.]
1. trans. and intr. To glean. † Also with up. (In OE. used in wider sense: to gather, collect.)
c1000ælfric Lev. xxiii. 22 Ne ᵹe ne gaderion þa eorþe..ac lætað þearfan and ut acymene hiᵹ lesan. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. vi. 68 Who so helpeth me to erie..Shal haue leue..to lese here in heruest. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) I. 11 Ruth þat..lase [v.r. laas] vp þe eeres after his [sc. Boaz'] ripe men. 1546Supplic. Poore Commons (E.E.T.S.) 71 No man myght lease, rake, or gleane his grounde after he had gathered of his croppe. 1612Court Rolls of Taynton, co. Glouc., That no person shall lease or gleane vntill the corne there growing be carryed. c1640J. Smyth Lives Berkeleys (1883) I. 155 How hee set with hand..his beanes; and in the barn leazed in the eare. 1684Dryden Theocritus Idyl iii. 72 Agreo, that in Harvest us'd to lease. c1700Allen & Ella in Evans Old Ball. (1784) II. xliv. 258 Together we'll lease o'er the field. 1825Cobbett Rur. Rides (1830) I. 307 No less than eighty four men, women and boys and girls gleaning, or leasing, in a field of about ten acres. 1879in G. F. Jackson Shropsh. Word-bk.
2. To pick: in various applications (see quots.).
c1420Pallad. on Husb. viii. 48 Of wynter fruyt science Yet leseth out the smale, vnto the grete So that the tree may sende her drynke & mete. c1430Two Cookery-bks. 21 Take Rys, and lese hem clene. 1609C. Butler Fem. Mon. (1634) 39 Take four or five good handfuls of wheat or Rye leazed out of the sheaf. 1703Thoresby Let. to Ray (E.D.S.), Leyse, to pick the slain and trucks out of wheat. 1764Mus. Rusticum II. 223 What we in the North call leasing, or gathering out, the blighted ears. Ibid. 226 The greatest care should be taken to lease wheat intended for seed. 1891Hartland Gloss., Lease (laize), to pick out weed-seeds, &c., by hand from imperfectly winnowed corn.
▪ VII. † lease, v.2 Obs.
In 4 lese, 6 leaze.
[OE. léasian, f. léas lease a.; perhaps partly a back-formation from leasing n.]
intr. To tell lies.
c1000Ags. Ps. (Spelman) lxv. 2 Leoᵹað [v.r. leasiaþ] þe fynd þine [L. mentientur tibi inimici tui]. c1340Cursor M. 22042 (Fairf.) Þer-fore he sais he lesis noȝt [Cott. lies, Gött. leies, Trin. lieþ]. 1594Knack to Know Knave A 4, Let Honestie receiue such punishment As he deserues that leazes to the king.
▪ VIII. lease, v.3|liːs|
Also 5 lese, 6 leese, lesse.
[ad. AF. lesser, a specific use of OF. lesser, laissier (mod.F. laisser) to let, let go:—L. laxāre to loosen, loose, f. lax-us loose, lax a.]
1. trans. To grant the possession or use of (lands, etc.) by a lease (lease n.3); to let out on lease.
[1292Britton ii. xi. §9 Si cestui..lesse sa terre a terme de la vie le lessour.] 1570Levins Manip. 204/43 To Lease or let leas, locare, dimittere. 1592West 1st Pt. Symbol. §25 B, He which letteth, lesseth or setteth any thing to be made or used, is called..the lessor or lettor. 1593Shakes. Rich. II, ii. i. 59 This land..Is now Leas'd out..Like to a Tenement or pelting Farme. a1600G. Longe in Ellis Orig. Lett. Ser. ii. III. 157 Having themselves no knowledge, [they] were driven to lease out the benefitt of their Patent to the Frenchmen. a1637B. Jonson Pind. Ode Mem. Sir L. Cary & Sir. H. Morison iv, Leas'd out t'advance The profits for a time. 1726Ayliffe Parergon 285 Where the Vicar leases his Glebe, the Tenant must pay the great Tithes to the Rector or Impropriator. 1776Adam Smith W.N. v. iii. (1869) II. 536 The lands in America..are in general not tenanted nor leased out to farmers. 1818Cruise Digest (ed. 2) I. 288 Lands were leased from the 10th October 1763, for eleven years. 1868Peard Water-Farm. ii. 21 Each proprietor leased his water to men who having no permanent interest in the river, killed every salmon they could catch.
transf. and fig.c1665Mrs. Hutchinson Mem. Col. Hutchinson (1846) 329 He would not give up bishops, but only lease out their revenues. a1845Hood Plea Midsummer Fairies xii, ‘Alas’, quoth she, ‘ye know our fairy lives Are leased upon the fickle faith of men’.
2. To take a lease of; to hold by a lease.
1877‘H. A. Page’ De Quincey I. xv. 319 In 1840..the family was transported to Mavis Bush, a neat little cottage..which was leased for a period of years. 1892Greta Armear What was it? (ed. 2) 8 A rich Scotchman..had leased a large property..in order to indulge in his favourite sport with the famous Ballmore hounds. 1898Westm. Gaz. 11 May 4/2 Angling on the choice streams of the South..is hardly to be obtained unless by leasing a rod.
Hence leased |liːst| ppl. a.
1869Bradshaw's Railway Manual XXI. 73 The gross earnings of the leased undertakings. 1895A. J. Wilson Gloss. Terms Stock Exch., Leased Lines..those railway securities whose interest or dividends are dependent not on the earning power of the properties, but upon the rent agreed to be paid by the lessee company.
▪ IX. lease, v.4|liːz|
[f. leas, pl. of lea n.4]
trans. To divide (yarn or thread) into leas.
1884W. S. B. Maclaren Spinning 242 The length varies from one to twelve yards, and the forms of making up, leasing, and tying are endless. 1927T. Woodhouse Artificial Silk 67 It is quite possible that all the remaining hanks have already been leased.
▪ X. lease
var. leese v., to lose; and see leash. |