| 释义 |
▪ I. laying, vbl. n.|ˈleɪɪŋ|
[f. lay v.1 + -ing1.]
1. a. The action of lay v.1 in various senses; putting, setting, placing, fixing, esp. in a designed position; † assessment, taxation; † accouchement; etc.
c1330R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 261 Þe lond fulle hard was sette in þat ilk laying. c1440Promp. Parv. 294/2 Leyynge of a thynge, posicio. 1472–3Durham Acc. Rolls (Surtees) 644 Pro le laynge fusi et rynde molendini [cf. lay v. 3 b]. 1480Caxton Chron. Eng. ccxliii. (1482) 290 Anone he leyd his ordynaunce and in the leyng of a gonne come a quarell and smote the good Erle Edmond in the hede. 1486Naval Acc. Hen. VII (1896) 13 The..openyng and newe leying of old Ropes. a1548Hall Chron., Edw. IV, 245 To reise the siege, at the layeng whereof he was counsayler and partener. 1611Cotgr. Proposition d' erreur, a Writ, or the laying, of Error. 1611Vestry Bks. (Surtees) 63 Item payed for laying of thre hoggs, vj d. 1626Bacon Sylva §669 Another ill Accident is Laying of Corne with great Raines in Haruest. 1660Sharrock Vegetables 59 Circumposition is a kind of laying..In this the mould is born up to the bough which is to be taken off. 1662Pepys Diary 25 May, They do say there are some plots in laying. 1712Prideaux Direct. Ch.-wardens (ed. 4) 53 The laying of the Church Rate ought to be according to the Lands and the Stock. 1796Encycl. Brit. (ed. 3) XVI. 485/1 The operation of uniting them [i.e. strands of a rope] with a permanent twist is called laying. 1823P. Nicholson Pract. Build. 373 Laying consists in spreading a single coat of lime and hair all over a ceiling and partition. 1859F. A. Griffiths Artil. Man. (1862) 112 No. 6..attends stool bed, elevating screw and quoin in laying. 1861Hulme tr. Moquin-Tandon ii. iii. iii. 136 Godard saw a female [Meloe] deposit in two layings 2212 eggs.
b. with advs. or advb. phr. (see lay v.1 VIII).
1496Naval Acc. Hen. VII (1896) 174 Mappes for layng on of piche Rosyn & talow uppon the seid ship. 1526Tindale 1 Tim. iv. 14 Leyinge on of the hondes of a seniour. 1535Coverdale 1 Esdras viii. 51 Because of the layenges awayte. 1576Fleming Panopl. Epist. 240 In the dispensing or laying out of your goods. 1602Shakes. Ham. v. i. 182 We haue many pocky Coarses now adaies, that will scarce hold the laying in. 1608E. M. Wingfield Disc. Virginia in Capt. Smith Wks. (Arb.) i. p. xc, I misliked his leying out of our towne. a1659Osborn Misc. (1673) 603 Her Comings-in are Mathematically adjusted to her Layings-out. 1726Leoni Alberti's Archit. I. 76/1 Ware-houses or Vaults for the laying up of Goods. 1817Keats Let. Wks. 1889 III. 76 One of my chief layings-up is the pleasure I shall have in showing it to you. 1844Dickens Mart. Chuz. xix, She went to a lying-in or a laying-out with equal zest and relish. 1869E. J. Reed Shipbuild. xx. 429 The laying-off of the ship is proceeded with simultaneously with the preparation of the model. 1879Escott England I. 60 The laying down of main roads. 1892Gardiner Student's Hist. Eng. 21 The erection of fortifications, and the laying out of streets. 1900Daily News 20 Sept. 6/2 The stoppage of coal traffic, and the consequent laying off of railway coal train crews. 1968Listener 4 July 24/1 Nowadays in the US redundancy can mean displacement for good; then it was, at worst, a long laying-off. 1970Nature 21 Nov. 709/2 Layings-off are, of course, nothing unusual in the volatile aerospace industry.
2. concr.
a. What is laid, in various senses of the vb.b. A layer, bed, stratum.
c. An oyster-bed.
d. Building. (See quot. 1823.)
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xii. vii. (1495) 417 Alle byrdes that ben lyke to Culuores..laye not the thyrde tyme but whan the seconde layenge is corrupte and dystroyed. 1683Moxon Mech. Exerc., Printing xxiv. ⁋9 Having laid down his Dry Laying, he takes another Quire off the Dry Heap. 1703T. N. City & C. Purchaser 205 You must..cover with Sand every Laying, or Bed of Lime. 1823P. Nicholson Pract. Build. 391 Laying, in plastering.—The first coat on lath of two-coat plaster, or set-work. 1846McCulloch Acc. Brit. Empire (1854) I. 637 The oysters..are deposited for a while in beds or layings in the adjoining creeks. 1863C. R. Markham in Intell. Observ. IV. 624 The brood [oysters two years old] are dredged up out at sea, and placed on layings within the river Colne. 1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., Layings, a sort of pavement of culch, on the mud of estuaries, for forming a bed for oysters. 1960C. M. Yonge Oysters ix. 154 The Colchester and other natural oyster beds and the layings along the Essex coast flourished exceedingly during the eighteenth and much of the nineteenth centuries.
3. attrib. and Comb., as laying-place; laying-hook (see quot.); laying house, (a) the house or building in which rope is ‘laid’ or made; (b) a building in which laying hens are kept; laying-machine, a machine for ‘laying’ strands into a rope; laying mash, meal, a special food for laying hens; laying-on table Printing, a table from which the machine is fed; laying-on tool Bookbinding, the tool with which gold leaf is laid on the cover or the edge of a book; laying-press Bookbinding, a press in which books are held while their edges are being cut (also called lying-press); laying-tool, -trowel, a plasterer's trowel (see quot. 1825); laying-top, a grooved conical piece of wood placed between the strands in ‘laying’ a rope, a top; laying-walk, that part of a rope-walk in which the rope is laid.
1794Rigging & Seamanship 55 *Laying-Hook, the hook on which the strands are all hung together for laying or closing.
1778Eng. Gazetteer (ed. 2) s.v. Portsmouth, The fire was first seen to burst through the roof of the *laying-house. 1913H. R. Lewis Productive Poultry Husbandry vii. 128 (heading) Plans and specifications of laying houses. 1962L. E. Card Lippincott's Poultry Production (ed. 9) vii. 179 (caption) Interior of..laying house, showing tiered roofs.
1839Ure Dict. Arts 1091 Captain Huddart constructed a *laying-machine, which has carried his inventions in rope-making to the greatest perfection.
1926Daily Colonist (Victoria, B.C.) 12 Jan. 2/1 (Advt.), Feed Prices..*Laying Mash, sack $2.75. 1972A. A. McArdle Poultry Managem. & Production (rev. ed.) xiv. 308 (heading) Quantity of laying mash and grain needed.
1908Illustr. Poultry Rec. Oct. p. ix (Advt.), *Laying Meal 12/6 Cwt. 1935Poultry Rec. Jan. (Advt. inside cover), Alfalfa, Laying Meal, Grit, Shells etc.
1849Chambers' Inform. II. 719/2 On the gallery are seen eight men at so many ‘*laying-on-tables’, feeding the machine.
1858Simmonds Dict. Trade, *Laying-on-tool, a bookbinder's tool; a tip.
1865Dickens Mut. Fr. i. ix, The favourite *laying-place of several discreet hens.
1835J. Hannett Bibliopegia 172 The cutting or *laying press is formed of two strong cheeks of timber, connected together with two wooden screws and two square pins.
1825J. Nicholson Operat. Mechanic 606 The *laying and smoothing tool consists of a flat piece of hardened iron, about ten inches in length, and two inches and a half wide, very thin, and ground to a semicircular shape at one end, but left square at the other.
1839Ure Dict. Arts 1073 In laying cables, torsion must be given both behind and before the *laying top.
1703Moxon Mech. Exerc. 249 A *Laying Trowel, to lay the Lime and Hair withall upon the Laths, it being larger than a Brick Trowel, and fastned [to] its handle in a different manner.
1778Eng. Gazetteer (ed. 2) s.v. Portsmouth, The rope⁓makers' *laying-walk and tarring-walk.
▪ II. laying, ppl. a.|ˈleɪɪŋ|
[f. lay v.1 + -ing2.]
That lays: chiefly said of hens.
1591Percivall Sp. Dict., Ponedera gallina, a laying hen. 1884Roe Nat. Ser. Story ii. in Harper's Mag. Jan. 288/2, I can keep my laying hens warm even in zero weather. |