| 释义 |
▪ I. wough, n.1 Obs. exc. dial.|wəʊ, wɔː|
Forms: α. 1–4 wah (5 Sc. wacht). β. 1 waᵹ, 4 wagh, wau; 1 (dat.) waᵹe, 3 waȝhe, wauȝe, 4 waghe, wawe; pl. 1 waᵹas, 3 waȝes, 4 waghis, 5 wawis, -es. γ. 4 woȝ (dat. woȝe, pl. woȝes), 4, 7–9 wogh, 5 woch, 8 woagh; 3–4 wouh, 4 wouȝ, woughe, 5, 8–9 wough. δ. 4–5 wowe, 4 wow; pl. 3–5 wowes (3 woawes), 5 wowen.
[OE. wáᵹ (also wǽᵹ), wáh, = OFris. wâch (W.Fris. weach, EFris. wôch, NFris. woch, wuch, ûch, etc.), related to Goth. waddjus, ON. veggr (see wig n.2).
The later Sc. waw, wa', and northern dial. waw, woa, wo', are normal phonetic developments of wall, and their wide currency indicates that they represent that word rather than this.]
1. A wall of a house; a partition.
αc888ælfred Boeth. xxxvi. §7 Swa swa ælces huses wah bið fæst æᵹðer ᵹe on ðære flore ᵹe on ðæm hrofe. c1000ælfric Hom. I. 288 Him ne wiðstent nan ðing, naðer ne stænen weall ne bryden wah. c1200Ormin 1015 An waȝherifft Wass spredd fra wah to waȝhe. c1205Lay. 25887 He nom þare halle wah [v.r. wað] and helden hine to grunde. a1240Sawles Warde in O.E. Hom. I. 247 Is eauer hire unþeaw forte sechen in-ȝong abute þe wahes to a murðrin hire þrinne. 13..Cursor M. 23216 (Edin.) Paintid fire..þat apon a wah war wroht. a1500Bernardus de cura rei fam. (E.E.T.S.) 7 Quhile þa ly by þe wacht.
β Beowulf 1662 Þæt ic on waᵹe ᵹeseah wlitiᵹ hangian eald sweord eacen. c893ælfred Oros. v. xv. 250 He oft..sloᵹ mid his heafde on þone waᵹ. 971Blickl. Hom. 151 Hie þa wurdon sona ablinde..& heora heafdu sloᵹan on þa waᵹas. c1200Ormin 6815 An waȝhe off Cristess kirrke. Ibid. 6825 Þatt hirnestan Þatt band ta tweȝȝen waȝhess. c1205Lay. 10182 Heo letten alle þa scrud at þere dure werpen vt, wascen þe waȝes [c 1275 wowes]. a1300Cursor M. 7667 Þe king þan hent a sper scarp To stair him thoru vnto þe wau [Gott. wawe; Fairf. wagh]. 1340Hampole Pr. Consc. 6619 A purtrayd fire on a waghe, Þat es paynted outher heghe or laghe. a1400–50Wars Alex. 3222 Ȝit ware þe wawes of þe wanes,..Polischid all of pure gold.
γc1200Vices & Virtues 95 Cariteð arist up fram ðe grundwalle, and beclepð all ðe wouh. c1290St. Dunstan 132 in S. Eng. Leg. 23 Þe harpe he heng vp bi þe wouh. a1300K. Horn 970 (Camb.) Þe se bigan to þroȝe Vnder hir woȝe. 1303R. Brunne Handl. Synne 1144 Þys olde man was broght so logh Þat he lay ful colde besyde a wogh. 1340Ayenb. 72 Betuene ham and paradys ne is bote a lyte woȝ. 1382Wyclif Ps. lxi. 4 As to a boowid woughe, and to a ston wal put doun. c1400Destr. Troy 4773 In the castell..all was bare as a bast, to þe bigge woghes. c1440Pallad. on Husb. i. 785 Hym liketh best a daubed wough, and he Wol haue a wal of cley and stoon. a1450Mirk's Festial 181 An adyrcope..come of þe woch. 1674Ray N.C. Words 54 A Wogh, a Wall, Lanc. 1703Thoresby Let. to Ray, A Wogh, any Partition, whether of Boards or mud Walls, or Laths and Lime; as a Boardshed-woagh, studded wogh. c1746J. Collier (Tim Bobbin) View Lancs. Dial. Wks. (1862) 69, I crope under a Wough. 1847Lytton Lucretia ii. xix, She lived agin the wogh yonder, where you see that gent coming out.
δa1225Ancr. R. 172 Þauh hire licome beo wiðinnen þe uour woawes. a1250Owl & Night. 1528 Wowes west and lere huse. 1303R. Brunne Handl. Synne 4272 Here mayst thou bettyr slepe a throwe Than sytte and loke vppon a wowe. 13..E.E. Allit. P. B. 1531 In þe palays pryncipale vpon þe playn wowe. 1390Gower Conf. I. 324 Ther was nothing hem betwene, Bot wow to wow and wall to wall. c1400Laud Troy Bk. 18388 Troye is doune & ouer-throwen, Tour & bour, walle & wowen. c1440Promp. Parv. 533/1 Wowe, wal [v.rr. wowe or wall], paries, murus. c1450Godstow Reg. 551, j. yerde bitwene the wowes. a1470H. Parker Dives & Pauper (W. de W. 1496) v. iii. 198/1 God lykeneth flaterers to theym that playstren & paynten walles and wowes without.
2. Mining. The side of a vein.
1653E. Manlove Liberties of Lead-Mines 234 If..woughs be strete, the Miner then may fire. Ibid. 259 Water holes, Wind holes, Veyns, Coe-shafts and Woughs. 1681T. Houghton Rara Avis (E.D.S.) 44 Woughs, the walls or sides, sometimes of hard stone, and sometimes soft. 1836R. Furness Astrologer i. Wks. (1858) 135 Where wough or rider, twitch'd a leading fast, There he was matchless at a tearing blast.
3. Comb.: † wough-nail, wall-nail (wall n.1 25).
OE. wáᵹryft, -rift occurs in the Ormulum as waᵹherifft.
1331in Topham Colleg. Chap. St. Stephen (1834) 67 Eidem pro 1000 de Wounail empt' pro quadam interclus' in dicta domo faciend'. c1300in Rogers Agric. & Prices I. 498 [On the Irish estates we find a kind of nail called] ‘woh’ or ‘wouwe-nails’. 1411Ibid. III. 447 Wogh prig nails.
▪ II. † wough, n.2 Obs.
Forms: α. 1–4 woh, 3 woch, 3 (5 Sc.) wocht, 4 woht. β. 1 (3) dat. wo (woo), 3–4 woȝ (4 woȝh), 3–5 wogh, 1 dat. woȝe, 3–4 woȝe (4 woȝhe), 3–5 woghe, 5 wothe. γ. 3 wou, 3–5 wow; 3–4 wouh (3 pl. wouhwes), wouȝ (5 wouȝh, wowȝ), 4 wough, 5 wugh, Sc. weuch; 5 wouche, wou-, wowȝe, woughe.
[OE. wóh (inflected wó-, wóᵹ-), neut. of wóh wough a. used as n.]
1. Wrong, evil; injury, harm.
αc893ælfred Oros. vi. x. 264 Þa sæde him hiora an,..þæt he woh bude. c1000Ags. Ps. (Th.) xciii. 4 Hi..woh meldiað. c1205Lay. 11589 Þat wes swiðe muchel woh. c1250Death 261 in O.E. Misc. 184 Lete us hatie þat woh and luuie þat riȝte. c1250Orison 16 ibid. 160 Þu brohtest dai and eve niȝt, Heo broȝte woht, þu broȝtest riȝt. c1300Harrow. Hell (Harl.) 52 Mon haþ do me shome ynoh wyþ word ant dede in heore woh.
βc888ælfred Boeth. xl. §7 Englas..nanes wos [v.r. woᵹes] ne wilniað. c897― Gregory's Past. C. xlv. 343 Hie..nyllað wietan mid hwelcum woo [v.r. wo] hie hit ᵹestriendon. c924Let. in Birch Cartul. II. 236 Ic him wolde fylstan to ryhte and næfre to nanan wo. c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 165 Al riht is leid and wogh arered. 13..Gaw. & Gr. Knt. 1550 Þus hym frayned þat fre, and fondet hym ofte, For to haf wonnen hym to woȝe. c1350Will. Palerne 554 For þat were swiche a woȝh þat neuer wolde be mended. a1400–50Wars Alex. 2812 As me is wa for þi woȝe & þi wrange bathe.
γa1225Ancr. R. 126 Wouh þet me mis-deð us, oðer of word oðer of werc. Ibid. 190 Wel is us nu, Louerd, uor þe dawes þet tu lowudest us mide oðre monnes wouhwes. c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 7279 Of two þynges wakned hys wough. c1320Cast. Love 1117 Ȝif þou wole a-menden his wouȝ, Þou most deþ þolen þorw strong pyne I-nouȝ. a1450Le Morte Arth. 1333 Her hertes was full of sorow and woughe.
2. In phrases:
a. to do wough or work wough. Also const. to, on (a person) or with dat.
(a)c1205Lay. 22456 Þat ne scal þe king woh don. a1225Ancr. R. 158 Vor þolemod is þe þet þuldeliche abereð wouh þet me deð him. a1300Cursor M. 15828 Wit þair bastons bete þai him And did him mikel wogh. 1338R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 119 To William did he wouh, He did brenne Helwelle, & William broþer slouh. c1400Rowland & O. 119 For here schall no man do the woghe, till aughte dayes ben a-goo.
(b)1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 7687 Vor no mon ne durste him wiþsegge, he wroȝte muche wou. a1300Cursor M. 24340 (Edin.) To me his moder did þai þat mis, þat wroht on him þis woh. 13..E.E. Allit. P. A. 622 Þay laften ryȝt & wroȝten woghe. c1470Gol. & Gaw. 700 The wyis wroght vthir grete wandreth and weuch. Ibid. 1199 To wirk him wandreth or wough. c1550Hunt. Cheviot xxvi. in Child Ballads III. 308/2 He wrought hom both woo and wouche.
b. to have wough: to be in the wrong.
c1205Lay. 3327 Leiuedi þu haues mochel wouh. Ibid. 5043 Þu hauest woh & [he] haued riht. a1225Ancr. R. 54 Me leoue sire, þu hauest wouh. c1275Passion of Our Lord 332 in O.E. Misc. 46 Seye þu me soþ, Yf þu ert gywene kyng oþer hi habbeþ woh. c1320Sir Tristr. 1531 Þai seiȝen he hadde þe riȝt, Þe steward hadde þe wouȝ. c1400Solomon's Bk. Wisd. 284 Ac so wys clerk ne worþ þer non, Þat ne schal haue to don ynouȝ, fforto disputen aȝeins hym þeiȝ he haue þe wouȝ.
c. mid wough or with wough: wrongfully. (OE. also on wóh.)
c885ælfred's Will in Birch Cartul. II. 177 Þæt ic mine mæᵹecild oððe yldran oððe ᵹingran mid wo fordemde. c960Laws Edgar ii. iv, & se þe oðerne mid woᵹe forseggan wile, þæt he [etc.]. c1175Lamb. Hom. 29 Þas ruperes and þas reueres þet nemeð oðres monnes eahte mid wohe. c1205Lay. 24811 Of Frolle þan kinge, þat þu mid woȝe at Paris asloȝe. a1240Lofsong in O.E. Hom. I. 205 Summe tide ich habbe iheued of oðer monnes mid woh. c1290Beket 1239 in S. Eng. Leg. 142 [They] tolden þe kinge of al þe wo þat seint thomas hadde with wouȝ. a1300Cursor M. 161 Herode kyng wit wogh For crist sak þe childer slogh. 13..Guy Warw. 5080 Ich on of hem þat he toke, he slouȝ, Were it wiþ riȝt, were it wiþ wouȝ. [c1300Arth. & Merl. 4806 Wiþ gode riȝt & no wouȝ.]
d. without(en) wough: truly.
13..Guy Warw. 6876 Ich it seye, wiþouten wouȝ. c1400Merlin 1415 (Kölbing) Herkneþ alle, wiþ owte wouȝh, Y schal ȝow telle, why y louȝh. 14..Sir Beues (S.) 2135 Certes, madame, with our wowȝ. c1420Chron. Vilod. 1172 Suche virtuose werkus he wolde welle do Fulle sotelyche wt-owte ony wothe [rime bothe]. Ibid. 2100. c 1450 Le Morte Arth. 1638 Withe Syr mador, with-outen woughe, Full sone acordement gon they make.
▪ III. wough, n.3|wʊf|
Also Sc. wouch.
[Imitative. Cf. wuff.]
The bark of a dog or other animal.
1824Mactaggart Gallovid. Encycl. 481 Wouch, the same with bouch, a dog's bark. 1850Mayne Reid Rifle Rangers II. xxii. 200 The hound, with a short ‘wough’ dropped in upon his head. 1898Longm. Mag. May 67 Little squirrels..have quite a large vocabulary,..a bark or wough when suddenly alarmed.
▪ IV. † wough, a. Obs. (or dial.)
Forms: 1–4 woh (3 woþ), 4 wouȝ, 9 dial. oogh; pl. (etc.) 3 woȝe, woȝhe, wowe.
[OE. wóh (inflected wó-, wóᵹ-), of obscure origin. Hence wough n.2]
1. Crooked, bent.
862Grant in Birch Cartul. II. 114 Ðanne fram langan leaᵹe to ðam won stocce. c897ælfred Gregory's Past C. xi. 67 Sio micle nosu & sio woo. a1000Laws æthelb xliv, Ᵹif muð oþþe eaᵹe woh weorðeþ. a1100Gloss. in Wr.-Wülcker 146/38 Diuortia, diuerticula, mistlice woᵹe weᵹas. a1250Owl & Night. 813 Þe fox..can paþes riȝte & woȝe.
1866J. E. Brogden Prov. Words Lincs. 141 The woodman said that the stuff was kind, but all I've seen was oogh inclined.
2. Wrong, evil, bad. Also absol.
Beowulf 1747 Wom wundorbebodum werᵹan gastes. c888ælfred Boeth. xxxviii. §3 Hit is woᵹ þæt hi mon læte unwitnode. a1000Riddles xl. 24 (Gr.) Woh wyrda ᵹesceapu. c1200Ormin 1375 Þær Cristess mennisscnesse Drannc dæþess drinnch o rodetreo forr ure woȝhe dedess. c1205Lay. 4333 Þat is woh & na wiht riht. a1225Ancr. R. 2 Wiðute knotte & dolke of woh inwit & of wreinde. c1250Owl & Night. 164 Schild þine svikeldom vram þe liȝte, & hud þat woȝe [v.r. wowe] among þe riȝte. c1320Sir Tristr. 1730 Her wening was al wouȝ, Vntroweand til hem to. a1400Octouian (Weber) 1050 Florentyn naȝt forsok hyt, Þey hyt wer woȝ.
▪ V. † wough, int. Obs.—1
= waugh, wow.
a1553Udall Royster D. iii. iv. (Arb.) 52 Wough, she is gone for euer, I shall hir no more see. |