| 释义 |
▪ I. angel, n.|ˈeɪndʒəl|
Forms: 1–3 engel, 2–3 ængel, ængle, 3 enngell, -gle, angil, eangel, 3–7 angle, 4–5 aungel(e, -ell(e, -il, 4–7 angell, 5–6 angelle, 6 angele, 2– angel. pl. 1–2 englas, 2–3 engles, 3–7 angles, 2– angels (4–5 -is, -ys, 4–6 -es).
[An early Teut. adoption from L., (or, in Goth., from Gr.), afterwards influenced in Eng. by OFr. and L. With OE. ęngel:—angil, cf. OS. engil, OFris. angel, engel, ON. engill, OHG. angil, engil, Goth. aggilus for angilus; a. L. angel-us, or Gr. ἄγγελ-ος a messenger, used by the LXX to translate Heb. mal'āk, in full mal'āk-yĕhōwāh ‘messenger of Jehovah’; whence the name and doctrine of angels passed into L. and the modern langs. All other uses of the word are either extensions of this, or taken from the Gr. in the primary sense of ‘messenger.’ The OE. form engel, with g hard, remained to 13th c., but eventually, under influence of OFr. angele, angle (with g soft), and L. angelus, initial a prevailed; the forms in au- in 14–15th c. show Fr. influence.]
I.
1. a. A ministering spirit or divine messenger; one of an order of spiritual beings superior to man in power and intelligence, who, according to the Jewish, Christian, Islamic, and other theologies, are the attendants and messengers of the Deity.
c950Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. xxii. 30 Sint suelce englas godes in heofnum [c 1000 Ags. G., Godes englas. c 1160Hatton G., Godes engles]. Ibid. John v. 4 Engel uutudliche Drihtnes..of-dune astaᵹ. c1175Cott. Hom. 227 Þa sende he his ængel to áne mede. c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 31 Ðo cam on angel of heuene to hem. c1200Moral Ode 94 Hwat sulle we seggen oðer don þar ængles beð of dradde. c1200Ormin 3914 Godess enngless wærenn þa Well swiþe glade wurrþenn. c1230Ancr. R. 92 Ure Lefdi mid hire meidenes, & al þe englene uerd. c1260Signs bef. Judg. 153 in E.E.P. (1862) 11 Þat þan sal quake seraphin and cherubin, þat beþ angles two. Þer nis in heuen angil iwis þat to oþer sal hab spech. 1388Wyclif Ps. viii. 6 Thou hast maad hym a litil lesse than aungels. [Coverd. lower then the angels.] 1393Langl. P. Pl. C. xxii. 150 Aungeles & archaungeles..Comen kneolynge. 1485Caxton Chas. Gt. 239, I saw the aungellys mounte into heuen on hye. 1526Tindale Matt. xxvi. 53 Moo then xii legions of angelles. 1605Shakes. Macb. iv. iii. 22 Angels are bright still, though the brightest fell. 1607Hieron Wks. I. 392 ‘Mahanaim’; because there the angles met him. 1712Pope Spect. No. 408 ⁋4 Man seems to be placed as the middle Link between Angels and Brutes. 1742Blair Grave 589 Its visits, Like those of angels, Short and far between. a1842Tennyson May Queen iii. 25 All in the wild March-morning I heard the angels call. 1858Trench Parables xxiii. (1877) 389 The tears of penitents are the wine of angels. 1865R. W. Dale Jew. Temple ii. (1877) 24 An angel strengthened Christ in Gethsemane.
b. One of the fallen or rebellious spirits, said to have been formerly angels of God.
c950Lindisf. Gosp. Matt. xxv. 41 Fýr écce seðe foreᵹe⁓ᵹearuuad is diwle & englum his. c1160Hatton G. ibid., Deofle and hys englen ᵹegarewað. 1382Wyclif Rev. ix. 11 The aungel of depnesse. c1400Destr. Troy x. 4354 Þere onswaret opunly the aungell of helle. 1611Bible Matt. xxv. 41 Euerlasting fire, prepared for the deuill and his angels. ― Rev. ix. 11 The Angel of the bottomelesse pit. 1667Milton P.L. i. 125 So spake th' Apostate Angel.
c. A guardian or attendant spirit: lit. in sense 1; but also rhet. without implying any belief in their reality, as ‘her good angel,’ ‘my evil angel triumphed,’ ‘angel of innocence, repentance.’
1382Wyclif Acts xii. 15 Forsoth thei seiden, It is his aungel. 1588Shakes. L.L.L. i. i. 78 There is no euill Angell but Loue. 1594― Rich. III, iv. i. 93 Go thou to Richard, and good Angels tend thee. 1717Pope Eloisa 340 Bright clouds descend, and Angels watch thee round. 1875Farrar Sil. & Voices ii. 43 Though the Angel of Innocence have long vanished, the Angel of Repentance takes him gently by the hand. 1879Tennyson Lover's T. 29 I to her became Her guardian and her angel.
d. fig. A person who resembles an angel either in attributes or actions; (a) a lovely, bright, innocent, or gracious being; (b) a minister of loving offices.
1592Shakes. Rom. & Jul. ii. ii. 26 O, speake againe, bright Angell, for thou art As glorious..As is a winged messenger of heauen. 1660Stanley Hist. Philos. (1701) 87/2 Looked upon as Angels for Wit and Eloquence. a1687Petty Pol. Arith. i. (1691) 10 Many..do so magnifie the Hollanders..making them Angels. 1808Scott Marm. vi. xxx, When pain and anguish wring the brow, A ministering angel thou. 1819S. Rogers Hum. Life, A guardian angel o'er his life presiding, Doubling his pleasures, and his cares dividing. 1858Longfellow M. Standish ii. 58 The angel whose name is Priscilla. Mod. Not quite such an angel as he looks.
II. from the literal sense of Gr. ἄγγελος.
2. Any messenger of God, as a prophet, or preacher. [A Hellenism of the Bible and theological writers; sometimes an affected literalism of translation.]
1382Wyclif Gal. iv. 14 Ȝe resceyueden me as an aungel of God. [So in all versions.] c1400Apol. Loll. 31 He [þe prest] is þe aungel of þe Lord of hostis. c1560Prayer in Phenix (1708) II. 232 Our Lord Jesus Christ, that Great Angel of Thy counsel. 1860Pusey Min. Proph. 606 The priest of God is called angel, i.e. messenger, because he..announces the things of God to the people. 1879Farrar St. Paul I. 148 The last utterance of the Angel Malachi.
3. Title of the pastor or minister of a church, in the apocalypse, Eccles. Hist., and in some modern sects, as the Catholic Apostolics.
1382Wyclif Rev. ii. 8 To the aungel of the chirche of Smyrna, wrijte thou. 1526Tindale ibid., The angell of the congregacion of Smyrna. 1611ibid., The Angel of the Church in Smyrna. 1660Stillingfleet Iren. ii. vi. (1662) 289 The publick Minister of the Synagogue, called the Angel of the Congregation. 1831E. Irving in Mrs. Oliphant Life II. iv. 204, I fulfil the part of the pastor or angel of the church. 1839J. Yeowell Anc. Brit. Ch. iv. (1847) 37 To act in the Presbyterial College..as President, Angel, or very soon by the exclusive title of Bishop.
4. poet. A messenger generally; fig. in angel of death, formerly used literally in sense 1.
1574tr. Marlorat's Apocalips 30 An Angell (that is too say, a Messenger) is one that is sent of an errand. 1600Chapman Iliad xxiv. 189 An angel I have seen, Sent down from Jove. a1637B. Jonson Sad Sheph. ii. vi. (T.) The dear good angel of the spring, The nightingale. 1648J. Beaumont Psyche xv. cxxxv, They should be The Angels of this News as well as He. 1815Byron Destr. Sennacherib 9 For the Angel of Death spread his wings on the blast. 1853Arab. Nts. (Rtlg.) 455 My father..hath been summoned away by the angel of death.
III. transf.
5. A conventional representation of the celestial ministers, figured with wings.
1536Reg. Riches in Antiq. Sarisb. (1771) 203 Another cope of green cloth of gold, with images and Angels of Jesse. 1855Tennyson Maud i. viii An angel watching an urn Wept over her, carved in stone. 1877Athenæum 3 Nov. 571/3 The heads of the countesses lie on cushions which have angels at the corners.
6. An old English gold coin, called more fully at first the angel-noble, being originally a new issue of the Noble, having as its device the archangel Michael standing upon, and piercing the dragon.
The angel copied the device of the Fr. angelot or ange, a gold coin of France struck by Louis XI. It was first coined in 1465 by Edward IV when its value (like that of the earlier noble) was 6s. 8d. In 1 Henry VIII it was 7s. 6d., 34 Henry VIII 8s., and 6 Edw. VI 10s.; it was last coined by Chas. I. (This was the coin always presented to a patient ‘touched’ for the King's Evil. When it ceased to be coined, small medals having the same device were substituted for it, and were hence called touch-pieces.)
1488Inv. Jewels in Tytler Hist. Scot. (1864) II. 390 Twa hundreth four score and v angellis. 1494Fabyan vii. 655 He ordeyned the seconde coyne of golde, and namyd it the angell, whiche was and yet is in value of vis. viiid. 1526Wriothesley Chron. (1875) I. 15 The Kinge enhaunsed his coyne, that is to saye, the riall at 11s. 3d., the angell 7s. 6d. a1593H. Smith 3 Serm. (1624) 6 To fill a coffer ful of Angels. 1598Shakes. Merry W. i. iii. 60 She has all the rule of her husbands Purse: he hath a legend of Angels. 1623Massinger Dk. Milan iii. ii, His stripes washed off With oil of angels. 1719D'Urfey Pills (1872) III. 325 An angel of money you must me bring. 1808Scott Marm. i. x, As Lord Marmion crossed the Court, He scattered angels round. 1883Leisure Ho. 247 Chief Justice Hall, so long as he practised at the Bar, persisted in charging only the angel in ordinary matters.
7. angels on horseback (see quot. 1900).
1888Mrs. Beeton Bk. Househ. Managem. §2078 Angels on Horseback. (Fr. — Anges à Cheval). 1900‘Sarah Grand’ Babs (1901) xv Angels on Horseback, now—those delicious little morsels of oysters rolled in bacon, and served on crisp toast.
8. slang. A financial backer of an enterprise, esp. one who supports a theatrical production. orig. U.S.
1891J. Maitland Amer. Slang Dict. 18 Angel..One who possesses the means and inclination to ‘stand treat’. 1900G. Ade More Fables 190 There was no more Capital coming from the Angels. 1921Wodehouse Jill the Reckless xi. 161 Ike hasn't any of his own money in the thing... The angel is the long fellow you see jumping around. 1948Times Lit. Suppl. 17 Apr. 218/5 In the United States there is more money, more paper..the magazines are fatter, the ‘angels’ are richer. 1953Economist 28 Mar. 853/1 That increasingly rare being, the ‘angel’ who will risk his money in a theatrical venture.
9. R.A.F slang. Height; spec. a height of 1,000 feet. Usu. in pl.
1943P. Brennan et al. Spitfires over Malta i. 18 ‘Gain your angels quickly{ddd}’ We continued to climb. Ibid. iii. 71 We climbed into sun, Woody advising us to get as much angels as possible. 1943Hunt & Pringle Service Slang 11 ‘20 M.E.s at Angels one owe’ means ‘20 Messerschmitts at 10,000 ft.’ 1946J. Irving Royal Navalese 23 Angels, a measurement of one thousand feet in height, used in the air combat code.
10. An ‘unexplained’ mark on a radar screen.
1947W. B. Gould in Proc. Inst. Radio Engineers XXXV. 1105/1 Radar equipment..has given fairly consistent unexplainable echoes at altitudes between approximately 300 and 3000 yards. For want of a better term, these echoes have been dubbed ‘Angels’ by Signal Corps personnel. 1958Listener 30 Oct. 691/1 New radar sets of much higher power, on which the display was sometimes covered with small echoes, called ‘angels’ by the operators. Ibid., A Swiss biologist, working with British radar equipment at Zurich airport, proved that ‘angels’ were the echoes from small birds on migration. 1962New Scientist 12 Apr. 23/3 A substantial proportion of angel echoes are indeed attributable to birds.
11. = hell's angel s.v. hell n. 12.
1969Listener 1 May 624/1 His climactic sequence in church, in which an Angel's funeral degenerates into an orgy, is no more than a picturesque trifling with the perverse. 1970[see frail n.3]. 1976Southern Even. Echo (Southampton) 18 Nov. 8/5 There is little dramatic tension in the book until the introduction of the scientist whom three Angels are sent to rescue/kidnap. 1977Rolling Stone 16 June 11/3 Another 20 Angels and maybe twice that number of Dead friends freely wander around in the wings.
B. Comb. and attrib.
1. General relations (freq. in poetic use):
a. appositive, as angel-goddess, angel-guardian, angel-messenger, angel-mother, angel-power, angel-stranger, angel-vampire, angel-warder, angel-woman.
b. objective with pr. pple. or vbl. n., as angel-worship, angel-worshipper, angel-ing.
c. instrumental with pa. pple., as angel-borne, angel-builded, angel-guarded, angel-heralded, angel-infested, angel-loosened, angel-warned.
d. similative, as angel-bright, angel-fair, angel-seeming, angel-wise.
e. attrib. (of, or as of, or pertaining to, an angel or angels; = angelic), as angel appearance, angel choir, angel-evening, angel-event, angel face, angel form, angel grace, angel infancy, angel music, angel psalm, angel trumpet, angel visit, angel voice.
1858Sears Athan. vi. 50 The *angel-appearances were not the same to all the witnesses.
1742Young Nt. Th. (1751) 144 Talents *angel-bright.
1839Bailey Festus xix. (1848) 226 The fragments of that *angel-builded fane.
1929E. Blunden Near & Far 41 The tender amaranthine domes Of *angel-evenings.
Ibid. 49 The bright *Angel-event of sunset's fresh creation.
1833J. H. Newman Bk. Praise (1862) 432 And with the morn those *angel faces smile.
1878Gladstone Prim. Homer 74 Iris, the messenger or *angel-goddess.
1611Heywood Gold. Age i. i, So full of *Angell grace.
1917D. H. Lawrence Look! We have come Through! 101 But we storm the *angel-guarded Gates of the long-discarded Garden.
1940G. Barker Lament & Triumph 31 The Seven Seas with their *angel-infested crests.
1938W. de la Mare Memory 26 The noon sun's *angel-loosened archery.
1830T. Hamilton Cyr. Thornton (1845) 121 You may yet see and embrace your *angel-mother.
1711Pope Rape Lock i. 33 Virgins visited by *Angel-Powers.
1856R. Vaughan Ho. w. Mystics (1860) II. 97 The floating tones of some distant *angel-psalm.
1738Wesley Ps. No. 47, v, Shout the *Angel-Quires aloud.
1748Thomson Cast. Indol. xlv. 402 These same guileful *angel-seeming sprites.
c1630Milton At a Solemn Music, The bright seraphim..Their loud uplifted *angel-trumpets blow.
1936W. H. Auden Look, Stranger! 41 The white *angel-vampires flit.
1799Campbell Pleas. Hope ii. 386 *Angel visits, few and far between.
1879G. M. Hopkins Poems (1918) 44 Frowning and forefending *angel-warder.
1871C. Pearson Sarum Seq. 29 *Angel-warned, no word they bring Back to Herod.
1918W. de la Mare Motley 54 The Shape who hoofs applause..Hoots—*angel-wise—‘the Cause!’
1863J. C. Jeaffreson Sir Everard's Dau. xiii. 235 Bernard thought of an *angel-woman..his boyhood's love.
1577tr. Bullinger's Decades (1592) 744 Augustine..naming them Angelici, *angel-worshippers.
2. Special combinations: † angel-beast, an old game at cards; † angel-bed, ‘a sort of open bed without bed-posts,’ Phillips 1706; † angel-bread, a kind of purgative cake, made of oatmeal and flour, with ginger and spurge; angel-cake (orig. U.S.), a variety of sponge-cake; angel-cornice, one decorated with figures of angels; angel dust slang (orig. U.S.), = phencyclidine, used as a hallucinogen; angels' eyes, the plant, germander speedwell; angel-face, used, esp. as a term of address and freq. ironically, for a person with an ‘angelic’ or innocent face (cf. quot. 1833, sense B. 1; see also quot. 1925); † angels'-food, a term for strong ale; angel('s)-food (-cake), (orig. U.S.), angel-cake; † angel-gold, standard or ‘guinea’ -gold; angel-kind, the race of angels (cf. mankind); † angel-piece, = angel 6; † angel-proof, the gold standard of the angel; angel skin [tr. F. peau d'ange], a fabric with a smooth waxy face; angel sleeve, a long loose sleeve. Also angel-fish, -like, -noble, -shot, -water, q.v.
1668Sedley Mulb. Gard. iv. i, Offering to play at *Angel-beast with them, tho' he scarce know the cards.
1886Good Housek. (N.Y.) 10 July 127/2, I always use the pan sold as an ‘*angel cake pan’. 1904N.Y. Times 13 June 8 To have angel cake would be sacrilegious. 1905N.Y. Even. Post 4 Aug. 7 Angel cake, sponge cake, and ice-cream cake have conspired to relegate the seed cake to practical oblivion. 1909J. Masefield Tragedy of Nan ii. p. 28 None but angel-cakes 'd be fit eating for you, Miss Nan. 1956‘N. Shute’ Beyond Black Stump vii. 201 He would usually take with him an enormous peach pie or an angel cake.
1862Rickman Goth. Archit. 371 Another peculiar ornament is the *angel cornice.
1969Rolling Stone 28 June 4/1 Parsley can give a more powerful high on marijuana. The garden herb, says Olas Hendrickson, is the basic ingredient in a new psychedelic substance called ‘*Angels' Dust’. 1973[see phencyclidine]. 1978J. Wambaugh Black Marble ix. 189 My nephew was arrested because he was holding this angel dust for somebody else. 1985Sunday Times 24 Mar. 12/2 PCP or ‘angel dust’, a strong anaesthetic which came after LSD in 1960s drug fashions..has recently emerged anew. Now they call it ‘rocket fuel’ in Chicago and mix it with peanut butter.
1863Gosse Dartmoor in Intell. Obs. 318 The sweet germander speedwell..here, most poetically, named by the peasantry, ‘*angels' eyes.’
1913Wodehouse Little Nugget i. i. 14 ‘Ogden, darling..stay by me, *angel-face.’ ‘Oh, shush!’ muttered angel-face. 1925Fraser & Gibbons Soldier & Sailor Words 6 Angel face, Air Force slang for any young, or boyish looking, Probationary Flight Officer. 1932E. Wallace When Gangs Came xxi. 181 I've finished talking about it, angel-face.
1577Harrison Engl. ii. xviii. (1877) 295 There is such headie ale & beere in most of them [markets], as for the mightinesse thereof..is commonlie called huffecap, the mad dog..*angels food, dragons milke.
1881Mrs. Owens Cook Bk. 161 *Angel's food. In other words, White Sponge Cake. 1920S. Lewis Main St. vii. 88 They distributed..stuffed olives, potato salad, and angel's-food cake. 1951Good Housek. Home Encycl. 335/1 Angel Cake (Angel Food Cake), an extremely light, feathery cake of the sponge type.
1583Stubbes Anat. Abus. 53 Gilt..with good *angell gold. 1676H. Phillips Purch. Pattern 223 Angel-Gold is worth somewhat more, and Sovereign Gold somewhat less.
a1300Cursor M. 362 First þan wroght he *angel kind. 1874R. Morris tr. Blickling Homilies vii. 92 All angel-kind shall look through the aperture on mankind.
1688Lond. Gaz. mmcccxliii/4 Suspected to have stolen an *Angel piece.
1607Dekker Wh. Babylon 270 Head all the speares With gold of *Angell-proofe.
1935Times 13 Nov. 15/5 The short jacket is of white *angel skin with blue sleeves. 1951F. Stark Beyond Euphrates 186 A white evening gown of a satin they call angel-skin.
1862Chesnut Diary (1905) 204 She saw them coming in *angel sleeves, displaying all their white arms. 1887E. Custer Tenting on Plains (1889) v. 174 The sting was inflicted..in the far back days of ‘angel sleeves’, which fell away from the arm to the shoulder. 1906Daily Chron. 19 Sept. 5/6 Capes of fur with large ‘angel’ sleeves.
Add:[B.] [2.] angel-shark, any shark of the family Squatinidae, characterized by wing-like pectoral fins; spec. = monk-fish n. 1.
1842United Service Mag. May 3 The Squalus squatina, or *angel shark, alias monk-fish. 1883[see monk-fish n. 1]. 1985Banister & Campbell Encycl. Underwater Life 136/2 The angelsharks are unusual, being very flat, and are considered to be more closely related to the skates and rays than to the more ‘typical’ sharks. They grow to more than 1.8m (6 ft) in length and there are about 10 species in the genus Squatina, found in all tropical to temperate seas.
Add:[B.] [2.] angel's trumpet(s) (also angels' trumpet(s)), any of various plants of either the South American genus Brugmansia of tree-like shrubs or the genus Datura of herbaceous perennials, both of the family Solanaceae and characterized by large trumpet-shaped flowers; also, the flower(s) of any of these plants.
1884W. Miller Dict. Eng. Names Plants 3/2 *Angel's Trumpets, the flowers of Brugmansia suaveolens. 1915A. W. Lushington Vernacular List Trees, Shrubs & Woody Climbers Madras Presidency I. 323/1 (Index), Angel's Trumpet..Datura suaveolens. 1955G. Grigson Englishman's Flora 294 In Somerset it [sc. Datura stramonium] has been called Angel's Trumpets, the name usually given now to the tall, shrubby Thorn-apples from Brazil.., which are hung about with trumpet blossoms. 1961Amat. Gardening 14 Oct. Suppl. 17/1 Datura..half-hardy plants..(also known as Brugmansias and Angels' Trumpets)..striking evergreen subjects for the cool greenhouse. 1987Courier-Mail (Brisbane) 12 June 3/7 Police may seek to have the plant datura, or angel's trumpet, prohibited after the drugging of six young people on the Sunshine Coast.
▸ N. Amer. = snow angel n. at snow n.1 Additions. Freq. in to make an angel.
1925Chicago Daily Tribune 17 Jan. 14/5 Seeing it was Sunday we thought we would make angels in the snow. 1967C. O. Skinner Madame Sarah viii. 179 She jumped from the sleigh, flung herself backward into the drift and, waving her arms up and down at their sides, created one of those imprints which children call ‘making an angel’. 1979W. Zander Distances iv. 52 I'm in the snow..rolling around making angels. 1994D. W. Rowe Bye, George—I think you got It in H. C. Sisson & D. W. Rowe Coots, Codgers & Curmudgeons 166 The Mountie drove the fellow back to the highway but all they could see was a big ‘angel’ in the snow, as if made by the biggest, dumbest kid ever to go to daycare.
▪ II. angel, v.|ˈeɪndʒəl|
[f. the n.]
1. trans. To finance or back (an enterprise, esp. a theatrical production). slang (chiefly U.S.).
1929M. Lief Hangover 235 He's trying to get me to angel one of his plays. 1948Lait & Mortimer New York: Confid. (1951) xxi. 194 A revue angeled by gangster dough. 1949Newsweek 16 May 60/2 Last week..Aunt Anita agreed to angel a new Manhattan morning tabloid.
2. intr. To gain height. Cf. angel n. 9. R.A.F. slang.
1941Reader's Digest Feb. 54 The boys of Britain's R.A.F. have developed a language all their own. A fighter pilot is told to ‘scramble’, instead of take off; then he ‘angels upward’. |