| 释义 |
woollen, a. and n.|ˈwʊlɪn|
Forms: 1, 5 wullen, 4–6 wolen, 4–7 wollen, (4 -ene, wolyn, wullun, 4–5 wollin, 5 -yn, wolland, -on, 6 wolan, woulne, Sc. volene, woone, 7 wollan, 8–9 north. woon, woun), 6– woollen, (now U.S.) woolen.
[Late OE. wullen, f. wull wool n. + -en4, replacing the mutated form wyllen (= OHG., MHG. wullîn). Cf. (M)LG. wullen, (M)Du. wollen, Fris., G. wollen.]
A. adj.
1. Made of or manufactured from wool.
1046in Kemble Cod. Dipl. IV. 107 Ic ᵹe-an sancte æðelðryðe anes wullenan kyrtles. 13..K. Alis. 4445 (Laud MS.), Þe spere carf þorouȝ out As þorouȝ a wollene clout. 1376Rolls of Parlt. II. 353/1 File de Layn appelle Wolyn-yerne. 1377Langl. P. Pl. B. v. 215 My wyf was a webbe and wollen cloth made. c1430Two Cookery-bks. i. 32 Þen take a quantyte of wollen cloþe. 1556Extr. Aberd. Regr. (1844) I. 300 Scottis wairis, sic as claith, lynning and woone. 1575A. Fleming Virg. Bucol. iii. 9 Nowe doth the Ram, and other sheepe theyr wollen garments drye. 1674Essex Papers (Camden) I. 278 Woollen Yarne being within y⊇ prohibition of y⊇ aforsaid Acts. 1776Adam Smith W.N. i. i. I. 13 The woollen coat..which covers the day-labourer. 1799Med. Jrnl. I. 41 Coarse woollen stockings. 1815Elphinstone Acc. Caubul (1842) I. 183 In winter, the people are all clad in woollen garments. 1858Lardner Hand-bk. Nat. Phil. 403 A woollen carpet is a non-conductor of heat. 1884W. S. B. Maclaren Spinning 60 A woollen yarn..is a thread spun from wool in which the fibres are arranged so as to lie in every direction.
†b. Covered with (a fleece of) wool. Obs. rare.
1482in Charters &c. Edin. (1871) 169 Of the hundreth skynnis, wollin, calfis, gaittis, [etc.]
†c. fig. Silent, as if padded with wool: said of the feet or footsteps. Obs.
After L. pedes laneos or lanatos habere, ‘to have woollen feet’, to walk silently, to move unperceived.
1597J. King On Jonas (1618) 173 Following with wollen feet, but smiting with an arme of iron. 1617Collins Def. Bp. Ely ii. ix. 362 You shall find..woollen pace and iron vengeance.
¶ The allusion in the foll. quot. is uncertain.
1596Shakes. Merch. V. iv. i. 56 There is no firme reason..Why he cannot abide a gaping Pigge?.. Why he a woollen bag-pipe. [See 1876 Stainer & Barrett Dict. Mus. Terms 43/2 s.v. Bagpipe.]
†2. Wearing woollen clothing, (a) as a mark of penance (cf. woolward a.), (b) as a mark of poor or lowly status. Obs.
1481Caxton Godfrey cci. 293 By comyn acord of the bisshoppes they cam wullen and barfote in the chirche of our lord. 1607Shakes. Cor. iii. ii. 9, I muse my Mother Do's not approue me further, who was wont To call them Wollen Vassailes, things created To buy and sell with Groats.
B. n. Cloth or other fabric made of wool or chiefly of wool. Now rare.
† to lie in the woollen: to sleep with a blanket next to one. to be buried in woollen: to have a woollen shroud, as required by the Act of 18 & 19 Chas. II for the encouragement of the woollen manufacture.
a1300Fragm. 7 Sins 16 in E.E.P. (1862) 19 Linin, wollin, glouis and schone. 1362Langl. P. Pl. A. i. 18 He hihte þe eorþe to seruen ow vchone Of wollene, Of linnene. a1425Cursor M. 11112 (Trin.) He wered nouþer wollen ny lynne. 1459Paston Lett. I. 457 Vesselys or vestmentes of sylke, lynen, or wollyn. 1577Googe Heresbach's Husb. 122 In Winter, they would be clothed with Wollen for taking of cold. 1599Shakes. Much Ado ii. i. 33, I could not endure a husband with a beard on his face, I had rather lie in the woollen. 1663Butler Hud. i. i. 309 His Breeches were of rugged Woollen. 1666Act 18 & 19 Chas. II c. 4 (title) An Act for Burying in Woollen onely. 1719D'Urfey Pills III. 187 Let 'em damn us to Woolen, I'll never repine At my Lodging when Dead. 1778D. Loch Tour Scot. 14 There are several looms employed here..for linens and coarse woolen, adapted for country use. 1791A. Macaulay Hist. Claybrook 116 An affidavit was sent..of the body having been buried in woolen in Saint Pancras church-yard. 1836C. Wordsworth Athens v. (1855) 27 Over which is a shorter vest of woollen. 1885Ada S. Ballin Sci. Dress 128 Woollen should be worn not only in winter but in summer also. 1908Animal Managem. 73 Knee caps..are made of stout woollen or kersey.
b. pl. Woollen cloths or clothes.
1800Stuart in Owen Wellesley's Desp. (1877) 577 A great quantity of English goods, particularly woollens, found their way into that country. 1816Tuckey Narr. Exped. R. Zaire ii. (1818) 52 Instead of melting under an equinoctial sun in the lightest cloathing,..they were glad to resume their woolens. 1823J. Badcock Dom. Amusem. 53 They grew small sallad by means of woollens, in which the seeds were sown. 1876Bancroft Hist. U.S. III. iv. 358 The exportation of Irish woollens to the colonies and to foreign countries was prohibited.
¶ A proposed name for the Mullein, Verbascum Thapsus, formed by substituting wull, woll wool n. for the first syllable (but cf. MLG. wullene ‘? verbascum’).
1578[see wolleyn]. 1597Gerarde Herbal ii. cclvi. 630 Mullein is called..in English Mullein, or rather Woolen. 1866Treas. Bot., Woollen. Verbascum Thapsus.
C. attrib. and Comb. (chiefly of the n.):
a. simple attrib., as woollen † -card, woollen district, woollen-loom, woollen manufacture, woollen-mill, woollen-trade, woollen-weaving;
b. objective, as woollen-dyer, woollen-manufacturer, woollen scribbler (scribbler2), woollen-spinner, † woollen-webster, woollen-worker;
c. instrumental and parasynthetic, as woollen-clad, woollen-frocked, woollen-stockinged adjs.;
d. Special comb.: Woollen Act, the act of 18 & 19 Chas. II prescribing burial in woollen; † woollen-going vbl. n. = woolward going (see woolward b); † woollen-head, a thick-headed or dull person (in quot. attrib.); † woollen-witted a., = woolly-headed c; woollen-work, † (a) woollen manufacture; (b) = wool-work. Also woollen-draper.
1678Dryden Œdipus Prol. 36 Record it,..The first Play bury'd since the *Wollen Act.
1612Sc. Bk. Rates in Halyburton's Ledger (1867) 294 Cardes called *wollen cardes.
1890W. J. Gordon Foundry 162 The *woollen-clad soldiers of Alexander.
c1890W. H. Casmey Ventilation 14 In the *woollen districts.
1709Lond. Gaz. No. 4611/4 James Ford of Bow,..*Woollen-dyer.
1864Bryce Holy Rom. Emp. x. (1866) 175 An imperial penitent, standing barefoot and *woollen-frocked on the snow.
1493[H. Parker] Dives & Pauper i. xxxvi. (W. de W. 1496) 76/1 All they that vse..masses syngynge, fastynges,..*wullen goeynge, and such other in theyr wytchecrafte.
1756W. Toldervy Hist. 2 Orphans III. 31 Proving to that *woollen-head justice, that we are neither felons nor vagrants, tho' he was disposed to call us so.
1538Nottingham Rec. III. 200 Unum *wollenlome. 1565Burgh Rec. Prestwich 15 Oct. (Maitl. Club) 69 Ane volene lwyme.
1666Act 18 & 19 Chas. II c. 4 For the Encouragement of the *Woollen Manufactures of this Kingdom..Be it enacted [etc.]. 1726Swift Gulliver i. viii. 1846McCulloch Acc. Brit. Emp. (1854) I. 277 Various branches of the woollen manufacture have been introduced into Roxburghshire.
1732Berkeley Alciphr. ii. §2 Other manufacturers, as well as the *woollen. 1802Ann. Reg., Chron. 67 The woollen-manufacturers are incensed at the introduction of new machinery.
1835Ure Philos. Manuf. 72 At Bannockburn and Stirling, are a few *woollen-mills.
1858Simmonds Dict. Trade, *Woollen-scribblers,..machines for combing or preparing wool into thin downy translucent layers.
1884W. S. B. Maclaren Spinning (ed. 2) 61 The object of the *woollen-spinner will always be to have yarn in which [etc.].
1907Daily Chron. 7 Dec. 4/4 Women, thick-booted, *woollen-stockinged, flannel-petticoated.
1735Berkeley Querist §89 Our hankering after the *Woollen-Trade. 1842J. Bischoff Woollen Manuf. II. 68 The wool and woollen trade.
1588Kyd Househ. Phil. Wks. (1901) 272 [A wife's] principall care should be of Lynnen or of *wollen weauing. 1630tr. Camden's Hist. Eliz. i. 119 Other such like stuffes of linnen and woollen weauing.
1362Langl. P. Pl. A. Prol. 99 (MS. T.) *Wollene websteris and weueris of lynen. 1638Knaresb. Wills (Surtees) II. 170, I, Richard Umpelbie of Linelandes, wollan webster.
1622Fletcher Love's Cure ii. i, Thou *Woollen-witted Hose⁓heeler. 1635Shirley Lady Pleas. iii. (1637) G 1, Course woollen witted fellowes.
1483Cath. Angl. 423/1 *Wolland warke.., lanificium. 1866All Year Round XV. 189/2 Four young ladies, carrying baskets of woollen-work.
1872Yeats Growth Comm. 287 The arrival from the Spanish Netherlands of *woollen-workers. |