| 释义 |
larch|lɑːtʃ|
Also 6 larche, larshe. β. 8 larich, larinch.
[Introduced by Turner (see quot. 1548 in 3), ad. G. lärche:—MHG. lerche, larche:—OHG. *lerihha, *larihha, an early adoption (prior to the assibilation of c in Latin) of L. laricem, larix (whence late Gr. λάριξ): corresponding phonetically to OCeltic *darik- (Irish dair, genitive darach, Welsh dar) oak. Other Eng. writers in the 16th. c. adopted the word in the L. form (see larix), sometimes corrupted into larinx; hence app. some of the dialectal forms given above. Cf. further Du. lariks, and the unexplained forms G. lorche, Du. lorke(boom); also It. larice, Sp. lárice, Pg. larico, F. (Cotgr.) larege, lareze, med.L. laresus.]
1. a. A well-known coniferous tree; Abies Larix or Larix europæa, a native of the Alps, which is largely cultivated in this country. Its timber is tough and durable. It yields Venetian turpentine, and the bark is used in tanning. b. Any tree of the genus Larix, e.g. the American Larch, L. americana.
1548, etc. [see larch-tree in 3]. 1576Newton Lemnie's Complex. I. 72 Y⊇ best is that, which issueth out of y⊇ Larch, the Pyne, or the Firre tree. 1794Mrs. Radcliffe Myst. Udolpho iii, The scene of barrenness was here and there interrupted by the spreading branches of the larch and cedar. 1827–35Willis May 15 The larch stands green and beautiful Amid the sombre firs. 1832Planting 33 (L.U.K.) Pinus pendula, black larch. ― microcarpa, red larch. ― larix, common larch. 1850Tennyson In Mem. xci, When rosy plumelets tuft the larch. 1866Treas. Bot. s.v. Larix, The American Larch, Abies or Larix pendula, is the tree known to the Canadians as the Tamarack.
2. The wood of this tree.
1867W. W. Smyth Coal 141 The props are usually of larch, or, in low seams, of oak.
3. attrib., as larch-plank, larch-plant, larch-tree, larch-turpentine; larch-bark, the bark of the larch-tree; the laricis cortex of the British Pharmacopœia; larch blister, canker, a disease caused by the fungus Trichoscyphella willkommii, which causes cankers on the bark of larch trees; larch needle cast, a disease caused by the fungus Meria laricis, which attacks and kills the foliage of larch trees; larch red, a substance obtained by boiling extract of larch-bark with dilute sulphuric acid (Cassell); larch-scale, a scale-like insect which infests larch trees; larch-wood, (a) the wood of the larch tree; (b) a wood consisting of larch trees.
1827H. Steuart Planter's G. (1828) 489 The present Mr. White, had often drawn more than {pstlg}400 a year for his *Larch-bark only.
1895W. R. Fisher Schlich's Man. Forestry IV. 402 The *larch-blister or canker..is most prevalent in damp places with moist air and in frosty and cloudy localities.
[1891Jrnl. R. Agric. Soc. II. 300 In the course of last summer's visit of inspection..the Consulting Botanist found cases of canker in larch plantations all over England and Wales.] 1895*Larch canker [see larch blister, above]. 1919W. E. Hiley Fungal Dis. Common Larch ii. 19 At present larch canker is prevalent only in Europe. 1968F. G. Browne Pests & Dis. Forest Plantation Trees ii. 990 Trichoscyphella willkommii (Hartig) Nannf. Fungi, Ascomycotina Helotiales. Synonym: Dasyscypha willkommii (Hartig) Rehm. Larch canker. Europe, including Britain and Northern Ireland, and also in the north-eastern United States of America.
1921Q. Jrnl. Forestry XV. 61 The *larch needle-cast appears to be very widespread in Britain. 1968F. G. Browne Pests & Dis. Forest Plantation Trees ii. 877 Larch leaf blight, Larch needle cast. Widely distributed in north western Asia and northern Europe..and also recorded in New Zealand and the United States of America.
1847Smeaton Builder's Man. 43 Tiberius caused the Naumachiarian bridge..to be rebuilt of *larch planks.
1871Palgrave Lyr. Poems 30 The young *larch-plant upon Pelion's side.
1832Planting 72 (L.U.K.) Coccus lariceo [sic], *larch scale.
1548Turner Names of Herbes 46 Larix or larex groweth on the highest toppes of the Alpes..frenche men cal it Dularge. It maye be called in englishe a *Larche tree. 1578[see larix]. 1601Holland Pliny II. 182 From the Larch tree there issueth a subtill and thin liquor. 1706Phillips (ed. Kersey), Larix, the Larinch-tree, or Larch-Tree. 1712tr. Pomet's Hist. Drugs I. 66 Cedrus Magna..is a Species of the Larch Tree. 1728Kersey, Larix, the Larich-tree, or Larch-tree. 1855Longfellow Hiaw. vii. 49 Give me..of your fibrous roots, O Larch-Tree!
1616Bullokar, *Larch Turpentine, a kind of Turpentine or rosen growing vpon the Larch tree in Italie, vsed often in oyntments and emplaisters.
1780Coxe Russ. Disc. 46 Another ship built of *larch-wood. 1856Miss Mulock J. Halifax xxv, It was lovely to see the morning sun climbing over One-Tree Hill, catching the larchwood [etc.].
Add:[3.] larch sawfly, a sawfly, Pristiphora erichsonii, whose larvae feed on the leaves of larch trees.
1883Rep. Comm. Agric. (U.S. Dept. Agric.) 138 (heading) The *larch saw-fly worm. Ibid. 142 The eggs are described by Ratzeburg... The following is a free translation of his description of the saw-fly, which he calls the large larch saw-fly. 1890Country Gentleman 18 Nov. 905/4 The juniper or larch..is being devastated of its leaves, and presents a withered, decayed appearance through the action of the larch saw-fly. 1975M. C. Davis Near Woods vi. 102 Tamaracks are apt to fall prey to the larvae of a wasp, the larch sawfly. |