| 释义 |
▪ I. lantern, n.|ˈlæntən|
Forms: 3–4 lanter(e, 4–6 launtern(e, 4–7 lanterne, (4 -tirne, 4–5 -tyrne, 5 -tarne, laterne), 5 lantane, lawnterne, -tryn, 5–6 lantron, 6 lantren, -trin, -turne, 6–7 lanthorne, 8–9 lanthern, 6–9 lanthorn, 4– lantern.
[ad. F. lanterne, ad. L. lanterna, also lāterna, believed to be ad. Gr. λαµπτήρ (f. λάµπ-ειν to shine, cf. lamp n.), with ending after L. lūcerna.
The form lanthorn is prob. due to popular etymology, lanterns having formerly been almost always made of horn.]
1. a. A transparent case, e.g. of glass, horn, talc, containing and protecting a light. For blind, bull's eye, Chinese, friar's lantern, see those words. Also dark lantern, magic lantern.
a1300Cursor M. 12910 He þe chess als his lanter Be-for his face þe light to bere [Gött. lantern: bern]. Ibid. 15847 Quarfor haf yee taken me, And als a theif vm-soght Wit lantern. c1385Chaucer L.G.W. 926 Dido, I shal as I can ffolwe thyn lanterne as thow gost byforn. a1400–50Alexander 5398 Liȝt lemand eȝen as lanterns he had. c1470Henry Wallace xi. 1255 Lyk till lawntryns it illuminyt so cler. 1587Fleming Contn. Holinshed III. 376/2 The said lanthorne to be mainteined by those two widowes that shall haue the hanging of them out. 1615Crooke Body of Man 460 It is like a sliuer of the Muscouy glasse whereof we vse to make Lanthorns. 1635Quarles Embl. v. xii. 289 Alas, what serves our reason, But, like dark lanthornes, to accomplish Treason With greater closenesse? 1755Johnson, Lantern..it is by mistake often written lanthorn. 1756Nugent Gr. Tour II. 238 The streets are..well furnished with lanthorns for the winter nights. 1816C. Wolfe Burial of Sir J. Moore 8 By the struggling moon-beam's misty light And the lantern dimly burning. 1840Marryat Poor Jack xiii, Our poop lanterns were so large that the men used to get inside them to clean them. 1873G. C. Davies Mount. & Mere xvi. 140 Fishing up a lanthorn he turned the light on her face.
b. † lantern and candle-light: the old cry of the London bellman at night. Hence † lantern and candle man: a bellman.
1592Nashe P. Penilesse C 2, It is said, Lawrence Lucifer, that you went vp and downe London crying then like a lanterne and candle man. 1600Heywood Edw. IV, i. (1613) C, No more calling of lanthorne and candle light. 1602Dekker Satiromastix I 2 b, Dost roare, bulchin, dost roare? th'ast a good rounciuall voice to cry Lanthorne & Candle-light.
c. Proverbs. † to bear the lantern: to show the way as a leader.
a1483Pol. Poems (Rolls) II. 283 Of alle the remes in the worlde this beryth the lanterne. 1562J. Heywood Prov. & Epigr. (1867) 205 A Lanthorne and a light mayde: manerly sayde. 1683Burnet More's Utopia 2 They need not my Commendations, unless I would, according to the Proverb, Shew the Sun with a Lanthorn. 1827Carlyle in Froude Life (1882) I. 374 To prove the existence of God, as Paley has attempted to do, is like lighting a lantern to seek for the sun.
d. spec. = magic lantern. Chiefly attrib. (see 8).
2. a. transf. Now rare.
c1374Chaucer Troylus v. 543 O lanterne, of which queint is þi light. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xvi. xii. (Tollem. MS.) In a temple of Venus is made a candelstik, on þe whiche was a lantarne so brennynge þat [etc.]. 1513Douglas æneis iii. ix. 91 Lyk onto the lantrin of the mone. 1536Bellenden Cron. Scot. (1821) I. 52 Utheris..belevit..that the..lanternis of the hevin, war verray Goddis. 1641J. Jackson True Evang. T. i. 25 Others [Nero] staked through, rosined and waxened over their bodies, and so set them lighted up, as torches and lanthornes to passengers. 1664Power Exp. Philos. i. 24 The Gloworm..This is that Night Animal with its Lanthorn in its tail. 1880W. Watson Prince's Quest (1892) 92 And now the Moon her lanthorn had withdrawn.
b. fig. Applied to things metaphorically giving light. † Formerly often of persons.
13..E.E. Allit. P. A. 1046 Þe lombe her lantyrne with⁓outen drede. 1382Wyclif Ps. cxviii[i]. 105 Lanterne to my feet thi woord, and liȝ t to myn pathis. 1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) VII. 171 Two lanternes of þe world..Lanfranc, and Anselme. a1412Lydg. Two Merch. 454 His lives lanterne, staff of his crokyd age. 1423Jas. I Kingis Q. lxxi, And [Muses] with ȝour bryght lanternis conuoye My pen, to write my turment and my Ioye. 1503Hawes Examp. Virt. xiv. (Arb.) 66 O geme of gentylnes and lanterne of plasure. 1548Vicary Anat. To Brethren (1888) 11 Galen, the Lanterne of all Chirurgions. 1558Knox First Blast (Arb.) 31 Those that shuld haue bene the lanterns to others. 1577–87Holinshed Scot. Chron. (1805) II. 42 The cathedrell church of Murrey, the lantren and ornament of all the north part of Scotland. 1591Spenser Ruins Time 169 Camden!..lanterne unto late succeeding age. 1627–77Feltham Resolves i. xviii. 31 Extreme poverty one calls a Lanthorn, that lights us to all miseries. 1766Smollett Trav. 99 This great lanthorn of medicine is become very rich. 1874Bancroft Footpr. Time i. 38 The lantern of science has guided us on the track of time.
3.
†a. A lighthouse.
b. The chamber at the top of a lighthouse, in which the light is placed.
†c. Some part of a ship.
a.1601Holland Pliny I. 110 In truth it [a watch-tower] serueth in right good stead as a Lanthorne. 1615G. Sandys Trav. 40 Vpon the shore there is an high Lanterne, large enough at the top to containe about threescore persons, which by night directeth the sailer into the entrance of the Bosphorus. 1705Addison Italy 258 Caprea, where the Lanthorn fix'd on high, Shines like a Moon through the benighted Sky, While by its Beams the wary Sailor steers.
b.1796Morse Amer. Geog. I. 440 Within that stands the lanthorn. 1809Kendall Trav. II. xxxv. 9 The height..measured from its base to the top of the lanthorn, is sixty-nine feet. 1851Illustr. Catal. Gt. Exhib. 320 The bird..was carried against the lantern in a gale. 1882Standard 23 May, The height of the new tower above high water to the middle of the lanthorne is 130 feet.
c.1661Pepys Diary 17 Jan., The ‘Soverayne’..is a most noble ship:..all went into the lanthorne together.
4. Arch. An erection, either square, circular, elliptical, or polygonal, on the top either of a dome or of an apartment, having the sides pierced, and the apertures glazed, to admit light; a similar structure serving as a means of ventilation, or for any other purpose. In quots. 1600 used to translate L. culmen and fastigium.
c1406Scriptores tres (Surtees) 144 Hic etiam magnam partem campanilis, vulgo lantern, minsterii Eboracensis construxit. 1547Boorde Introd. Knowl. x. (1870) 151 The spyre of the churche is a curyous and a right goodly lantren. 1600Holland Livy x. xxiii. 368 The image of Iupiter himselfe in the lanterne or frontispice of the Capitoll. Ibid. xxxvii. iii. 946 Both the lanterne, yea and the leaved dores thereof, were foully disfigured. 1634–5Brereton Trav. (Chetham Soc.) 174 A tower-like building, almost like your lanthorns in college halls. 1766Entick London IV. 291 Upon which tower a short spire rises, with its base fixed on a broad lanthern. a1817T. Dwight Trav. New Eng. (1821) I. 521 The prospect of this town, and its environs, is taken completely from the lantern of the State-House. 1831Lytton Godolph. lx, Lady Erpingham was in the lantern of the House of Commons.
5. A name of certain fishes (cf. lantern-fish in 9).
a. The whiff, Arnoglossus megastomus.
b. ? U.S. A species of gurnard, Trigla obscura.
1674Ray Collect. Words, Sea Fishes 100 Lanterns: Lug aleth Cornubiensibus. 1686― Willughby's Ichthyogr. iv. 102 Arnoglossus..species illa quam piscatores nostri Cornubienses à pelluciditate sua a Lantern..vocant. 1880–4F. Day Brit. Fishes II. 22 Arnoglossus megastoma,..Names,.. lantern, referring to its semi-transparency when held up against the light.
6. a. The luminous appendage of the lantern-fly.
1750G. Edwards Birds iii. 120 The Fly, I take to be a Kind of Fire-Fly, and that part on his Head, the Lanthorn. 1810A. v. Sack Voy. Surinam 279 From the head rises a large proboscis of an oval form, but tapering most towards the head, and making one third of the whole size of the insect, which is vulgarly called the lantern, emitting a bright light.
b. lantern of Aristotle (see quots.).[This is derived from Arist. Hist. Anim. iv. v. (Bekker p. 531) where the body of the echinus is said to be shaped like the frame of a lantern (λαµπτήρ).] 1841–71T. R. Jones Anim. Kingd. (ed. 4) 216 Dental system of Echinus. 1. Represents three of the pyramidal pieces forming the ‘lantern of Aristotle’ in situ. 1870Nicholson Man. Zool. xvii. (1880) 198 In Echinus this [masticating apparatus] consists of five long calcareous rod-like teeth, which perforate five triangular pyramids, the whole forming a singular structure known as ‘Aristotle's Lantern’.
7. Technical uses.
a. Calico-printing, etc. A steam chamber in which the colours of printed fabrics are fixed.
1839in Ure Dict. Arts 233.
b. Electricity. The part of the case of the quadrant electrometer which surrounds the mirror and suspension-fibres.
1872Sir W. Thomson Electrostatics & Magn. 263 Plate 1 fig. 1 represents the front elevation of the instrument, of which the chief bulk consists of a jar of white glass..supported on three legs by a brass mounting, cemented round the outside of its mouth, which is closed by a plate of stout sheet-brass, with a lantern-shaped cover standing over a wide aperture in its centre. For brevity, in what follows these three parts will be called the jar, the main cover, and the lantern. 1889in Century Dict.
c. Founding. ‘A perforated barrel to form a core upon’ (W.).
1839Ure Dict. Arts 519 The lantern is a cylinder or a truncated hollow cone of cast iron, about half an inch thick; and differently shaped for every different core.
d. Mech. A form of cog-wheel (see quot. 1812–16). Also lantern-wheel.
1659J. Leak Waterwks. 18 Near the end, there is..a Lanthorn or Pinion of 12. Staves. 1709F. Hauksbee Phys.-Mech. Exp. 1 The Winch is fasten'd to a Spindle, that passes thro' a Lanthorn, whose Pins perform the Office of Cogs. 1805Brewster in J. Ferguson Lect. I. 82 note, A lantern. 1812–16Playfair Nat. Phil. (1819) I. 79 Sometimes the smaller wheel is a cylinder, in which the top and bottom are formed by circular plates or boards, connected by staves inserted at equal distances along their circumferences, serving as teeth; this is called a lantern. 1829Nat. Philos., Mech. ii. vii. 30 (U.K.S.), The teeth of the wheel, instead of working in the leaves of a pinion, are made to act upon a form of wheel called a lantern. 1884F. J. Britten Watch & Clockm. 208 The screw is slipped into a hole in a narrow-faced ‘lantern’.
8. attrib. and Comb.:
a. simple attributive, as lantern fruitage, lantern-glass, lantern-horn, lantern-post; also (sense 1 d) lantern entertainment, lantern lecture, lantern-photograph, lantern-plate, lantern-size, lantern slide; (sense 4) lantern roof, lantern tower, lantern turret.
b. objective, as lantern-bearer, lantern-carrier, lantern-maker.
c. instrumental, as lantern-fruited, lantern-led, lantern-lighted, lantern-lit adjs.
1565Cooper Thesaurus, Laternarius, a *lanterne bearer. 1883Stevenson Treas. Isl. i. v, A rush was made upon the ‘Admiral Benbow’, the lantern-bearer following.
1611Cotgr., Lanternier, a *Lanterne-carrier.
1890Anthony's Photogr. Bull. III. 37 *Lantern entertainments.
1920A. Huxley Leda 7 Moons of many-coloured light That swing their *lantern-fruitage in the night.
1912W. de la Mare Listeners 53 She rested her old eyes From the *lantern-fruited yew trees.
1897M. Kingsley W. Africa 590, I see he has smashed the *lantern glass again.
1543tr. Act 1 Rich. III, c. 12 No merchaunt Straungier [shall]..brynge into this Realme of Englond to be sold any maner..*lantern hornes. 1820Scoresby Acc. Arctic Reg. I. 486 It is..semi-transparent, almost like lantern-horns.
1912W. Owen Let. 6 Feb. (1967) 114 Miss Lingley, brother, & friend, who are giving a *Lantern Lecture on their tour among Korean Missions. 1938L. MacNeice I crossed Minch ii. viii. 119 At the end of the service a lantern lecture was announced, which reminded me pleasantly of my childhood.
1808Scott Marm. iv. i, Better we had through mire and bush Been *lanthorn-led by Friar Rush [cf. Milton L'Allegro 104].
1871M. S. Jeune My School Days in Paris vii. 92 At midnight a procession, *lantern-lighted, wound slowly through the garden-walks. 1906Westm. Gaz. 14 July 2/3 And to our fog-bound window came A lantern-lighted ancient dame. 1942R.A.F. Jrnl. 13 June 3 In caves and cellars,..lantern-lighted, a multitude of people endure.
1884J. Colborne Hicks Pasha 218 We enjoyed our coffee al fresco in the cool *lantern-lit garden.
1598Florio, Lanternaro, a *lanterne maker. 1668H. More Div. Dial. ii. 193 To prevent the Art of the Lantern-maker.
1884B'ham Daily Post 3 Nov. 7/3 Three of the members will demonstrate the processes of photography, by *lantern-photographs..taken during the conversazione.
1889Anthony's Photogr. Bull. II. 291 Placing the negative in a printing frame, the *lantern plate was laid upon it, film to film.
1871Morely Condorcet in Crit. Misc. Ser. i. (1878) 53 Summary hangings at the nearest *lantern-post.
1882M. E. Braddon Mt. Royal I. ii. 46 Its wide shallow staircase, curiously carved balustrades, and *lantern roof. 1967Gloss. Caravan Terms (B.S.I.) 2 Lantern roof, a roof with raised centre portion usually throughout its length, the side walls of which are provided with windows and ventilators. 1969Canad. Antiques Collector May 16/2 The Great Kitchen..has a lantern roof supported on four cast-iron columns.
1889Anthony's Photogr. Bull. II. 66 Carriers, to carry quarter plates or *lantern-size plates.
1871G. Fox in English Mechanic 13 Jan. 405/3 (heading) *Lantern slides. 1896Westm. Gaz. 8 Sept. 3/3 Amateur photographers are learning to make lantern slides from their own negatives. 1909W. Owen Let. 4 Jan. (1967) 49 There was a Church Army Mission with lantern slides. a1930D. H. Lawrence Phoenix II (1968) 115 Gilbert's lectures..with lantern-slides, thrilled Woodhouse to the marrow.
1615G. Sandys Trav. 40 fig., F. the foote of the *Lanterne Tower. 1762H. Walpole Vertue's Anecd. Paint. (1765) I. 121 note, The Lantern-tower in the same cathedral [Ely].
1879Sir G. Scott Lect. Archit. II. 262 The dome [of the Baptistery at Florence] had formerly an eye, like the Pantheon, but has now a *lantern turret.
9. Special combs.: lantern-bellows, a kind of bellows resembling in structure a Chinese lantern; lantern-braces (see quot.); lantern bug = lantern-fly; also fig. (see quot. 1774); lantern-carrier (also -bearer) = lantern-fly; lantern clock, a 17th-century bracket clock worked by weights and surmounted by a bell in a frame; lantern-face, ? = lantern-jaws; lantern-fish, the smooth sole; lantern-fly, one of several species of insects of the family Fulgoridæ (see quots.); † lantern-leaves, thin sheets of horn for lanterns; † lantern-lerry, ‘some trick of producing artificial light’ (Nares); lantern-light, (a) the light from a lantern; (b) a ‘light’ (i.e. a glazed frame or sash) in the side of a lantern (sense 4); (c) an arrangement for giving light through the roof of an apartment; lantern-man, one who carries a lantern, † spec. one who empties privies by lantern-light, a nightman; lantern-pier, ? a pier supporting a lantern (sense 4); lantern-pinion = lantern-wheel; lantern-pump (see quot.); lantern-service, a religious service during which magic-lantern slides are employed to furnish illustrations; lantern-shell, the bivalve genus Anatina, with a translucent shell; lantern-spar (see quot.); lantern-sprat, a sprat infested by a Lernæan parasite (see quot.); † lantern-stairs (see quot.); lantern test Ophthalm., a test for colour-blindness in which the subject is asked to name or match colours shown by a lantern; lantern-wheel = sense 7 d. Also lantern-jaws.
1875Knight Dict. Mech., *Lantern-bellows, so called from its resemblance to a paper lantern.
1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk., *Lantern-braces, iron bars to secure the lanterns.
1810A. v. Sack Voy. Surinam 279 The *Lantern Carrier..The *Lantern Bearer.
1774J. Burgoyne Maid of Oaks i. ii. 14, I would have put out Mr. *Lanternbug's stars with one dash of my pincil. 1847G. F. Ruxton Adventures Mexico & Rocky Mts. xix. 156 Of bugs and beetles there is endless variety—including the cocuyo or lantern-bug, and the tarantula. 1927Haldane & Huxley Animal Biol. xi. 228 Many lantern bugs have this anterior prolongation of the head.
1913L. V. Lockwood Furnit. Collectors' Gloss. 18/1 Clock..Chamber... These clocks are intended to hang high on the wall on brackets. Called also *Lantern and Bird Cage clocks. 1960H. Hayward Antique Coll. 161/2 Lantern clock: a clock of typically English design evolved in the early part of the 17th cent., and persisting, especially in the provinces, until well into the 18th cent... All original lantern clocks are weight driven. 1970Canad. Antiques Collector Dec. 12/1 Lantern clocks..were designed to hang on the wall, and were weight driven and regulated by a balance wheel.
1795J. Wolcot (P. Pindar) Royal Tour 10 Lo, Pitt arrives! alas with *lantern face!
1753Chambers Cycl. Supp., *Lantern fish. 1769Pennant Zool. III. 191 It [the smooth sole] is a scarce species, but is found in Cornwall, where from its transparency, it is called the Lantern Fish. 1822Couch in Linnæan Trans. XIV. 78 Carter, or Lanternfish, Pleuronectes megastoma..It is also called Marysole. 1880W. Cornwall Gloss., Lanthorn fish, a smooth sole.
1753Chambers Cycl. Supp., *Lantern fly. 1780J. T. Dillon Trav. Spain (1781) 474 Those harmless insects called lanthorn flies. 1802Bingley Anim. Biog. (1813) III. 172 The Great Lantern Fly. 1883C. F. Holder in Harper's Mag. Jan. 191/1 The Chinese have the curious lantern-fly (Fulgora candelaria), with its long cylindrical proboscis, from the transparent sides of which a brilliant light appears.
1714Fr. Bk. of Rates 44 *Lanthorn-Leaves, as mercery, per 100 Weight, 03 00. 1721C. King Brit. Merch. I. 294 Lanthorn Leaves.
c1630B. Jonson Expost. Inigo Jones 72 Smiling at his feat Of *lantern-lerry.
c1400Mandeville (Roxb.) xii. 50 If men caste in to it a *lanterne-light, it fletez abouen. 1814Southey Roderick xxi. 139 Why 'twas in quest of such a man as this That the old Grecian searched by lanthorn light. 1823P. Nicholson Pract. Build. 188 With regard to the lighting of a grand stair-case, a lantern-light is the most appropriate. 1897Hall Caine Christian x, There was a refreshment-room with its lantern lights pulled open.
1599Nashe Lenten Stuffe 57 Wee will make him..tell what *Lanterneman or groome of Hecates close stoole hee is. 1813Sporting Mag. XLII. 4 The lanthorn-man should be silent, nor show the light till at the place of sport. 1889P. H. Emerson Eng. Idyls 89 Now he felt sure a lantern-man was approaching him.
1848B. Webb Continent. Ecclesiol. 98 The four evangelists are in niches over the *lantern-piers.
1884F. J. Britten Watch & Clockm. 140 *Lantern pinions answer admirably as followers, but are not suited for driving.
1875Knight Dict. Mech., *Lantern-pump, one having a pair of disks at the end of a flexible cylinder, like a Chinese lantern.
1897Ch. Times 20 Aug. 187/1 The *lantern services, especially that on the ‘Life of Christ’, proved most helpful to the people.
1851–6S. P. Woodward Mollusca ii. 321 Anatina, Lamarck. *Lantern-shell.
1777Watson in Phil. Trans. LXVIII. 867 A piece of rhomboidal, otherwise called refracting or *lantern spar, was broken into four smaller pieces.
1880–4F. Day Brit. Fishes II. 233 This Lernea is luminous at night-time, and fishermen assert that shoals of sprats are often preceded by several of these fishes infested by parasites and which have occasioned their being termed ‘*lanthorn sprats’.
1653Urquhart Rabelais i. liii, Between every tower, in the midst of the said body of building, there was a paire of winding (such as we now call *lantern) staires.
1890Brit. Med. Jrnl. 11 Jan. 73/2 The *Lantern Test is the one which I recommend for the testing of sailors and railway employés. 1966K. Wybar Ophthalm. ii. 26 The Ishihara or Stilling Test... The tests are more subtle than the lantern tests and are of value in identifying the anomalous trichromats (of the protanomalous or deuteranomalous types) who are often able to pass the lantern tests successfully.
1792Young Trav. France (1889) 17 The stone drawn up by *lanthorn-wheels of a great diameter. 1831G. R. Porter Silk Manuf. 199 These parallel spokes are then connected together by bands of string, thus forming a kind of lantern-wheel.
Hence † ˈlanterner, a maker of lanterns.
c1515Cocke Lorell's B. 10 Lanterners, stryngers, grynders.
▪ II. lantern, v.|ˈlæntən|
Also 8–9 lanthorn.
[f. the n.]
1. a. trans. To enclose as in a lantern. b. To furnish with a lantern; to light with a lantern.
1789E. Darwin Bot. Gard. ii. (1791) 112 Prometheus..lantern'd in his breast,..Bore the bright treasure to his Man of Clay. 1799Southey Nondescripts iii. 24 Were it midnight, I should walk Self-lanthorn'd, saturate with sunbeams. 1832Lamb Let. to Cary in Talfourd Final Mem. xviii. 174, I dreaded that Argus Portitor who doubtless lanterned me out, on that prodigious night. 1846C. Maitland Ch. Catacombs 227 If a Christian woman marries a Pagan..she must go in and out of a gate laurelled and lanterned.
2. To put to death by hanging upon a lamp-post. (= F. lanterner.)
1815Paris Chit-Chat (1816) II. 184 He was himself very near being lanterned in the streets of Paris by a group of the fauxbourg Saint Antoine. 1855in Wright. 1860in Worcester; and in later Dicts.
Hence ˈlanterned ppl. a., furnished with a lantern.
1800–24Campbell Grave of Suicide 6 Nor will the lantern'd fisherman at eve Launch on that water.
▪ III. lantern
variant of lentren Sc., Lent. |