| 释义 |
▪ I. wood, n.1|wʊd|
Forms: 1 widu, wiodu, wudu, 2–3 wude, 3–6 (7 Sc.) wode, 4–6 wodd, woode, (7 Sc.) wod, wodde, (3 wd(d)e, 4 uud, Sc. vod, woud, voud, 5 woyd, whode, vode, voode, 6 woodde, wud), 5–6 Sc. wid(d, 5– wood, (9 Sc. wudd).
[OE. widu, wiodu, later wudu str. m. = OHG. witu, wito (MHG. wite, wit), ON. viðr (Sw., Da. ved):—OTeut. *widuz (cf. OIr. fid tree, wood, Gael. fiodh timber, wood, wilderness, W. gwŷdd trees:—*widu-).]
I.
†1.
a. A tree. Obs.
Beowulf 1364 Wudu wyrtum fæst. c725Corpus Gloss. P 420 Pinus, furhwudu. a1000Phœnix 37 Wintres & sumeres wudu bið ᵹelice bledum ᵹehongen. c1220Bestiary 245 Ilkines sed Boðen of wude and of wed. Ibid. 326 He werpeð er hise hornes In wude er in ðornes. [1526Tindale Rev. xxii. 2 Off ether syde off the ryver was there wode [Gr. ξύλον] off lyfe: which bare xij manner off frutes;..and the leves off the wodde served to heale the people with all. ]
†b. transf. applied to objects made from trees or their branches, e.g. a ship (in OE. freq.), a spear, the Cross. (Cf. tree n. 3–6.) Obs.
In mod.arch. use associated with sense 7.
a1000Dream of Rood 27 Ongan sprecan wudu selesta. a1400–50Wars Alex. 798 So sare was þe semble þire seggis be-twene, Þat al to-wraiste þai þar wode & werpis in-sondire. 1866Neale Sequences & Hymns 46 His precious Body..broken on The Wood.
2. a. A collection of trees growing more or less thickly together (esp. naturally, as distinguished from a plantation), of considerable extent, usually larger than a grove or copse (but including these), and smaller than a forest; a piece of ground covered with trees, with or without undergrowth.
† honey of the wood: = wood-honey (sense 10).
c825Vesp. Psalter ciii. 20 Omnes bestiae silvarum, alle wilddeor wuda. 858Grant in Birch Cartul. Sax. II. 101 Butan ðem wioda ðe to ðem sealtern limpð. c1000ælfric Saints' Lives xxx. 31 He..ræsde into þam wudu þær he þiccost wæs. a1122O.E. Chron. (Laud MS.) an. 1112 Ðis wæs swiðe god ᵹear & swiðe wistfull on wudan & on feldan. a1200Moral Ode 344 in O.E. Hom. I. 181 Hi muwen lihtliche gon... Ðurh ane godliese wude in-to ane bare felde. c1290Kenelm 150 in S. Eng. Leg. 349 He[o] wende to þe wode of clent. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 3887 In þe oþer half beþ grete wodes, lese & mede al so. a1300Cursor M. 8785 Mani wodds ha þai thoru gan, Bot suilk a tre ne fand þai nan. c1380Wyclif Sermon Sel. Wks. II. 4 Hony of þe woode. c1385Chaucer L.G.W. 806 Thisbe, There comyth a wilde lyones Out of the wode. c1400Destr. Troy 1350 Ouer hilles & hethes into holte woddes. 14..Stat. King's Forests (Douce MS. 335 fol. 73) As touching the kinges veert that is to say the kinges wodes. 1426Lydg. De Guil. Pilgr. 11606 Gladly ffolkys I conveye..To ward the voode, to gadre fflours. c1480Henryson Robene & Makyne 11 Nathing of lufe I knaw, Bot keipis my scheip vndir ȝone wid. 1535Coverdale Ps. lxxix. 13 The wilde bore out of the wod hath wrutt it vp. 1598J. Manwood Lawes Forest viii. 41 Where the trees do grow scattering here and there one, so that those trees do not one of them touch an other, such places are called woods, but they are not properly to be called couerts. c1614Mure Dido & æneas ii. 216 Then are those lovers two A hunting in the woddes resolv'd to goe. 1617Moryson Itin. i. 203 Hils..adorned with some pleasant woods (which in higher Germany are of firre). 1754Gray Poesy 66 Woods, that wave o'er Delphi's steep. 1847Tennyson Princess iv. 180, I..push'd alone on foot..Across the woods. 1860Tyndall Glac. i. xxv. 177 We proceeded slowly upwards, through woods of pine. 1880Stevenson Across the Plains ii. (1892) 81 All woods lure a rambler onwards.
b. Woods and Forests, more fully Woods, Forests, and Land Revenues, a department of the Civil Service (see quot. 1810; merged with the Forestry Commission in 1923).
1803Lond. Gaz. No. 15547. 34/1 Surveyor-General of His Majesty's Woods, Oaks, Forests, and Chaces. 1810Act 50 Geo. III c. 65 §1 Such Commissioners so to be appointed, shall be and be called ‘The Commissioners of His Majesty's Woods, Forests, and Land Revenues’. 18121st Rep. Comm. Woods, Forests, etc. 18 Department of Woods and Forests. 1850Carlyle Latter-d. Pamph. vii. (1858) 247 But as to Statues, I really think the Woods-and-Forests ought to interfere. 1853Dickens Bleak Ho. xii, You can't offer him the Presidency of the Council,..You can't put him in the Woods and Forests.
3. Without article, in general or collective sense: Wooded country, woodland; trees collectively (growing together). Now rare exc. as in brushwood 2, copsewood 2, underwood.
c897ælfred Gregory's Past. C. xxi. 167 To wuda we gað mid urum freondum. a1100Gerefa in Anglia IX. 259 Ᵹe on dune, ᵹe on wuda, ᵹe on wætere. c1200Ormin 14568 Wude, & feld, & dale, & dun, all wass i waterr sunnkenn. c1300K. Horn 661 (Laud) Þe king rod on huntingge, To wode he gan wende. c1450Godstow Reg. 33 In toftis in croftis, in wode and mede. 1557Lanc. Wills (1884) 58 Towe hundreth Acres of Pasture xxta acres of woodde. 1615G. Sandys Trav. 89 High land..: full of tall wood. 1686tr. Chardin's Trav. Persia 199 Luarzab..shut up the Passages by felling an infinite number of Wood. 1737Daily Gazetteer 21 Feb. 2/2 Advt., To be Sold. A very large Quantity of all Sorts of Wood, with or without the Estate on which it stands. 1767A. Young Farmer's Lett. to People 149 The real interest of the country requires that none but the worst lands be covered with wood. 1810Scott Lady of L. iii. vi, Whole nights he spent by moon-light pale, To wood and stream his hap to wail.
4. transf. and fig. A collection or crowd of spears or the like (suggesting the trees of a wood); gen. a collection, crowd, ‘lot’, ‘forest’. (After L. silva.) Now rare or Obs.
1584Hudson Du Bartas' Judith v. 500 Though my buckler bore a wood of darts. 1610B. Jonson Alch. iii. ii, The whole family, or wood of you. [1664H. More Myst. Iniq. 331, I might..observe what is answerable in the Church of Rome to the Vinalia, Robigalia, Terminalia, Parentalia, Proserpinalia, and other Feasts of the Gentiles; but this wood is so wide, that I may easilier lose my self in it then get through it.] 1670G. H. tr. Hist. Cardinals iii. iii. 328 Cardinal Savelli..having discover'd his natural infirmities.., the whole Wood of his other good qualities were not sufficient to ballance them. 1670Dryden 1st Pt. Conq. Granada ii. (1672) 14 A wood of Launces. a1674Milton Hist. Mosc. Pref., Wks. 1851 VIII. 469 In such a wood of words. 1704Norris Ideal World ii. ii. 79 What a wood of difficulties and objections this side of the question is incompassed with. 1798W. Sotheby tr. Wieland's Oberon (1826) I. 2 A wood of threat'ning lances.
5. Phrases and Proverbs.
†a. in a wood: in a difficulty, trouble, or perplexity; at a loss. So
b. out of the wood (U.S. woods). (Cf. quot. 1664 in sense 4.)
c. to go to the woods: to lose social status, be banished from society.
d. man of the woods: = orang-outang.
e. a bird in the hand is better than two in the wood (and similar phrases; now usually with substitution of bush, bush n.1 1 c): a smaller actual advantage is preferable to the mere chance of a larger one. †
f. to have an eye to the wood: to be on the look-out for some advantage.
g. not to see the wood († see wood) for the trees († for trees): to lose the view of the whole in the multitude of details. †h. more ways to the wood than one: different methods of attaining the same result (and similar phrases). i. to have the wood on (a person) and varr.: to have the upper hand, to have a hold on. Austral. and N.Z. colloq. Cf. to have the goods on s.v. good a. C. 8.
a.1658–9Burton's Diary (1828) III. 415, I am afraid we are in a wood. No wonder the nation is puzzled, when the wisdom of the nation is puzzled in this place. 1700T. Brown tr. Fresny's Amusem. 115, I am in a Wood, there are so many of them [sc. coffee-houses] I know not which to enter. 1786F. Burney Diary 28 Nov., I assured him I was quite in a wood, and begged him to be more explicit.
b.1792F. Burney Let. 20 Dec., Mr. Windham says we are not yet out of the wood, though we see the path through it. 1801[see halloo v. 2 b]. a1849Poe X-ing a Paragrab, Dxn't crxw..befxre yxu're xut xf the wxxds. 1887Times (weekly ed.) 21 Oct. 8/3 It remains to be seen yet whether the Germans are not shouting before they are out of the wood. 1889‘Edna Lyall’ Derrick Vaughan i. 12 In a few months,..I noticed a fresh sign that he was out of the wood. 1890Boston (Mass.) Jrnl. 21 Nov. 2/2 The people of North Dakota seem not to be out of the woods in the matter of prohibition. 1902Wister Virginian xxix, When a patient reaches this stage [of convalescence], he is out of the woods.
c.1891Pall Mall Gaz. 16 June 2/1 Two other gamblers whose social position was at least equal to Sir William's have gone..‘to the woods’.
d.1755Hist. Descr. Tower Lond. 25 You are..shewn in this Yard a Man of the Wood. 1774,1836[see orang-outang]. 1852Ross tr. Humboldt's Trav. II. xx. 270 The hairy man of the woods.
e.c1530[see bird n. 6]. 1546J. Heywood Prov. i. xi. (1867) 30 Better one byrde in hande than ten in the wood. 1621T. Granger Eccles. xi. 5. 297 A bird in the hand is far better then two in the wood.
f.1578H. Wotton Courtlie Controv. 292 The Damoysell making a signe to hir supplyante [printed supply oute] (who had alwayes an eie to the wood).
g.1546J. Heywood Prov. ii. iv. (1867) 51 Plentie is no deintie, ye see not your owne ease. I see, ye can not see the wood for trees. 1583B. Melbancke Philotimus S ij b, Thou canst not or wilt not see wood for trees. 1640Howell Dodona's Gr. 217 He could not have beene able as hee went along to have seene the Wood for Trees. 1751Affect. Narr. H.M.S. Wager 92 This was like, not seeing the Wood for Trees. 1888Pater Ess. fr. Guardian (1896) 95 Garrick..bears no very distinct figure. One hardly sees the wood for the trees.
h.1546J. Heywood Prov. ii. ix. (1867) 75 Ye tooke The wrong way to wood. Ibid. 77 There be mo waies to the wood than one. 1569Blague Sch. Conceytes 64 Couetous men, which studie all the wayes to the wood to saue their money. 1597T. Morley Introd. Mus. 74 There bee (as the Prouerbe sayeth) more wayes to the Wood then one.
i.c1926‘Mixer’ Transport Workers' Song Bk. 7, I hold the ‘wood’ on those who work. 1944J. H. Fullarton Troop Target vi. xxii. 168 Then we've taken another hiding. And I thought we had the wood on Jerry today. 1954T. A. G. Hungerford Sowers of Wind xxi. 264 Can't you realize I've got the wood on you? You've got two minutes. 1965L. Haylen Big Red i. 55 It was another of her occasions of fear: she liked having the wood on you. 1974D. Stuart Prince of My Country ix. 66 Father stands up. ‘Look, Marney... Get down and be civil or shut up and get to hell out of it’! Mr Marney dismounts... Mr Molloy pours tea and makes room on the bench. It looks as if Father has the wood on this sour old man right from the start.
II.
6. a. The substance of which the roots, trunks, and branches of trees or shrubs consist; trunks or other parts of trees collectively (whether growing or cut down ready for use).
Also with qualification, as brushwood 1, talwood; small wood, young wood.
c897ælfred Gregory's Past. C. xxi. 167 Se se ðe unwærlice ðone wuda hiewð, & sua his freond ofsliehð. a1000Gnomic Verses ii. 110 Wuda and wætres nyttað. c1205Lay. 8700 Heo bi-gunnen þene wude feollen. c1400tr. Secr. Secr., Gov. Lordsh. 97 Hewynge of wode. c1440Lydg. Hors, Shepe & G. 121 The hors is nedeful wode & stuff to carie. 14..Stat. King's Forests (Douce MS. 335 fol. 73) If ther be ony man that..caryeth a way ony smal wode. 1479Engl. Gilds (1870) 425 That no wodde there be solde vntil the price be sett vpon it by the saide maire. 1482Stonor Papers (Camden) II. 141 That non young vode be stryyd. 1547Boorde Introd. Knowl. (1870) 121 In dyuers places in England there is wood the which doth turne into stone. 1573–80Tusser Husb. (1878) 40 Fruit gathred too timely wil taste of the wood. 1611Cotgr., Bois de brin, round, or vncleft-small-wood. 1642Fuller Holy & Prof. St. v. xiv. 414 The wood will pay for the ground. 1756C. Lucas Ess. Waters III. 64 This stone I took to be wood petrified. 1828L. Kennedy & Grainger Tenancy of Land 151 Timber elm grows more commonly than any other kind of wood excepting beech. 1855T. F. Hardwich Phot. Chem. (ed. 2) 289 Acetic Acid is..produced..by heating wood in close vessels.
b. as prepared for and used in arts and crafts.
In predicative use sometimes = wooden. (OE. regularly used tréow tree (n. B. 2) in this sense.)
a1300Cursor M. 22543 Wodd and wall al dun sal drau. 1551–2in Feuillerat Revels Edw. VI (1914) 80 Y⊇ scabbarde of wood turned. 1577Googe tr. Heresbach's Husb. 46 Sythes we vse to sharpe with Whetstones or instruments of Wood. 1591Shakes. 1 Hen. VI, v. iii. 90 He talkes of wood: It is some Carpenter. 1622J. Taylor (Water P.) Merry Wherry-Ferry Voy. Wks. (1630) ii. 15 Edwin.. pluck'd the Minster down that then was wood, And made it stone. 166.Petty in Sprat Hist. Roy. Soc. (1667) 285 Colouring of Wood and Leather by Lime, Salt, and Liquors. 1687A. Lovell tr. Thevenot's Trav. i. 22 The model of the Mosque in wood. a1700Evelyn Diary 4 Sept. 1677, The gates are wood..plated over with iron. 1711Addison Spect. No. 37 ⁋1 Other Counterfeit Books upon the upper Shelves..were carved in Wood. 1776Gibbon Decl. & F. ii. (1782) I. 56 No wood, except cedar, very curiously carved, was employed in any part of the building. 1781Crabbe Library 502 Bibles bound in wood. 1816W. Y. Ottley Hist. Engraving I. i. 5 The Origin of Engraving in Wood. 1852R. A. Willmott Pleas. Lit. (ed. 2) vii. 40 All the classic authors—in wood, with bright backs.
c. as used for fuel; firewood.
† Occas. collect. sing. faggots; locally, small coal (quot. 1805).
c888ælfred Boeth. xxxix. §4 ær he hi bewæᵹ mid wuda utan & forbærnde þa mid fyre. a1225Ancr. R. 402 Gedereð wude þerto, mid þe poure wummon of Sarepte. 1340Hampole Pr. Consc. 3189 Als wodde brinnes, þat es sadde and hevy. c1425Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 657/15 Hoc focale, wode to the fyre. 1480Howard Househ. Bks. (Roxb.) 18 Thei have received opon making of the iij. M. wode xiiij.s. viij.d. 1497Naval Acc. Hen. VII (1896) 224, cc wode xijd & iiij candell vd. 1560Bible (Geneva) Ezek. xxiv. 10 Heape on muche wood: kindle the fyre. a1568in Bannatyne MS. (Hunter. Club) 35 As fyre the wid we se Dois burne. 1639J. Taylor (Water P.) Part Summer's Trav. 44 The miserable Stipend or Hireling wages will hardly buy wood to make a fire for him. 1805Forsyth Beauties Scot. III. 511 The small coal used to heat the salt-pans is universally called wood by the salters on the eastern coast of Scotland. 1808Scott Marm. vi. Introd. 1 Heap on more wood!—the wind is chill.
d. Hort. The substance forming the head of a tree or shrub; branch-wood; also, branches collectively; in a fruit tree, primarily leaf-bearing, as distinguished from fruit-bearing, branches. (Cf. wood-bud, -branch in 10.)
1523–34Fitzherb. Husb. §130 [Withies] be trees that wyll soone be nourysshed, and they wyll beare moche woodde. 1572L. Mascall Plant. & Graff. 46 If there be in your trees certain branches of superfluous wood that ye will cut of. 1658Evelyn Fr. Gard. (1675) 32 Every Bud which hath but a single leaf produces only wood. 1721Mortimer Husb. II. 302 A Peach, the more it runs to Wood,..the better it will bear. 1842Loudon Suburban Hort. 705 Gardeners, when pruning for wood, cut farther back than when pruning for fruit. 1858Glenny Gard. Every-day Bk. 211/1 When a Heath has done blooming, and before it makes its new wood, is the time for pruning it into shape.
e. As the material of an idol or image. (Biblical.)
1535Coverdale Ezek. xx. 32 Wod & stone wil we worshipe. 1567Gude & Godlie B. (S.T.S.) 236 Bewar, I am ane Ielous God, I am na Image, stock nor wod. 1682Letany for S. Omers ii. ix, All Adorers of the Mass, Who bow to Wood, and Stone, and Brass. 1819Heber Hymn, ‘From Greenland's icy Mountains’, The Heathen, in his blindness, Bows down to wood and stone!
f. spec. (Hort. and Bot.) The hard compact fibrous substance lying between the bark outside and the pith within.
1600Surflet Country Farm iii. xiv. 449 It is vsuall to graft betwixt the wood and the barke, when trees begin to put vp their sap. 1673–4Grew Anat. Pl. (1682) 113 The next general Part of a Branch, is the Wood; which lyeth betwixt the Barque and the Pith. 1875T. Laslett Timber 20 A drying up or wasting away of the wood immediately surrounding the pith. 1877A. W. Bennett Thomè's Bot. 333 In the anatomical structure of the wood Gymnosperms resemble Dicotyledons in all essential particulars.
g. A particular kind of wood; freq. pl. kinds of wood. In Pharmacy formerly applied to particular kinds used medicinally: see quots.
Phr. † to tell what wood the ship is made of, to be seasick.
1580Lyly Euphues (Arb.) 248 Philautus not accustomed to these narrow Seas, was more redy to tell what wood the ship was made of, then to aunswer to Euphues discourse. 1581A. Hall Iliad iv. 73 A wood full fit to forge the trolling wheeles Of chariots. 1602W. S. Thomas Ld. Cromwell ii. ii, To my victtualles went the Sailers, and thinking me to bee a man of better experience then any in the shippe, asked mee what Woode the shippe was made of. [1608R. Armin Nest Ninn. C 1 b, Iemy stood fearefull of euery calme billow, where it was no boote to bid him tell what the ship was made of, for he did it deuoutly.] 1661Culpepper & Cole Pharm. Lond. 7/3 Cypress. This Wood laid amongst cloaths, secures them from Moths. 1687R. Blome Pres. St. Amer. 14 Woods for the use of Dyers... Sweet smelling and curious Woods. 1712tr. Pomet's Hist. Drugs I. 63 The Nephritic Wood is thick, without Knots. a1774Goldsm. Surv. Exp. Philos. (1776) I. 292 To ascertain how much friction some woods have more than other woods. 1829Loudon Encycl. Plants 604 Many of the red Indian woods tra[n]sude a blood red juice. 1875T. Laslett Timber 27 The hard and strong woods used for architectural purposes.
1772Macbride Th. & Pract. Physic 635 A pint of decoction of the sudorific woods. 1799Underwood Dis. Childhood (ed. 4) II. 15 A decoction of the woods. 1848Dunglison Med. Lex., Woods, Sudorific... This term is applied, collectively, to the guaiacum, sassafras, china, and sarsaparilla; which are often used together to form the sudorific decoction. 1890Billings Med. Dict., Woods, the, those formerly in repute as antisyphilitics.
h. transf. A hard substance found in the head of an elephant.
1829C. Rose Four Yrs. S. Africa 236, I sat on one [elephant] while they searched for the wood in his head. It lies about an inch beneath the skin imbedded in fat, just above the eye, and has the appearance of a thorn, or a small piece of twig broken off.
i. In echoes of the L. proverb which appears in Erasmus's Adagia ii. v. xlvii in the form Ne e quovis ligno Mercurius fiat (see quot. c 1594, and cf. A. Otto Sprichwörter der Römer 220); hence, the ‘material’ or ‘stuff’ of which a person is ‘made’.
Cf. similar uses of Gr. ὕλη, F. bois.
[1588Shakes. L.L.L. iv. iii. 249 Is Ebonie like her? O word divine? A wife of such wood were felicitie.] c1594Bacon Promus of Formularies & Elegancies (1898) 19 A mercury cannot be made of every wood (bvt priapus may). 1594― Let. to Ld. Puckering in Spedding Lett. & Life (1861) I. 293, I hope you will think I am no unlikely piece of wood to shape you a true servant of. 1626T. H[awkins] tr. Caussin's Holy Crt. 5 Vertue is a merueylous worke⁓woman, who can make Mercury of any wood. 1826Disraeli Viv. Grey iv. i, I know better than most men of what wood a minister is made. 1831Scott Cast. Dang. v, The wood of which a knight is made, and that is a squire.
7. Something made of wood: spec.
a. The wooden part of something, as the shaft of a spear.
b. A block of wood used for engraving or printing, as distinguished from a metal plate or type.
c. The cask or barrel as a receptacle for liquor, as distinguished from the bottle.
d. slang. The pulpit.
e. The wooden wind-instruments in an orchestra collectively (also called the woodwind: see 10 below).
f. Each of the bowls in the game of bowls.
g. A golf club with a wooden head; a shot made with such a club (more commonly wood shot). h. The wooden frame or handle of a racquet, with reference to a shot in which these parts are accidentally used instead of the strings.
a.1683Moxon Mech. Exerc., Printing xv. ⁋9 A long piece of..Wyer..fastned into the Wood of the under half of the Mold. 1697Dryden æneis xi. 1191 The Wood [of the javelin] she draws, the steely Point remains.
b.1839J. Jackson Wood Engraving viii. 720 Wood engraving is necessarily confined, by the size of the wood, to the execution of subjects of..small dimensions. 1856in Ruskin Rossetti (1899) 137 An engraving on wood of my picture..there is an objection to sending ‘the wood’ travelling.
c.1822Sunday Times 20 Oct. 1/2 (Advt.), The long established system of serving wine from the wood, in full measures. 1826J. Wilson Noctes Ambr. Wks. 1855 I. 174 When the speerit's been years in the wudd. 1882J. Ashton Social Life Reign Q. Anne I. 199 Ordinary clarets from the wood.
d.1854Thackeray Newcomes xi, They say he's a pleasant fellow out of the wood. 1886Sat. Rev. 10 July 45/2 Mr. Beecher's activity has not been altogether confined to what irreverent people call ‘the wood’. 1897Rye Norfolk Songs 129 You are very good in flannel, Sir. I'll come on Sunday, and see if you are as good in wood.
e.1879E. Prout Instrum. 77 The brass instruments, used..in combination with strings or wood. 1901W. J. Henderson Orchestra 81 The ‘wood’..in the modern orchestra consists of flutes, oboes, clarinets and bassoons.
f.1884Doherty N. Barlow viii. 49 Here ancient fogies..tried To better aim their wandering ‘woods’ to guide. 1912J. A. Manson Compl. Bowler 194 The skip may..summon a player from the mat to look at the lie of the ‘woods’ before delivering his bowl.
g.1915A. W. Tillinghast Cobble Valley Golf Yarns 75 Hodge couldn't quite get there with two from his wood. 1927Jones & Keeler Down Fairway xv. 203 For the drive with the wood, and for all normal wood shots, I play the ball opposite the arch of the left foot. 1928Evening News 5 May 8/3, I do not think another professional golfer in America is hitting such terrific tee shots and full woods off the fairway as Gene. 1952W. J. Cox Play Better Golf xi. 54 The normal flight of the ball from a No. 4 wood is high. 1971‘D. Halliday’ Dolly & Doctor Bird viii. 104 Lady Edgecombe..hit her first ball..a good third of the distance, nicely placed for a wood shot fairly close to the green. 1977Times 17 June 28/1 (Advt.), Uxbridge Golf Centre... 4 woods, Nos 1, 3, 4, 5 and Irons 3–9.
h.1955Times 30 June 4/1 Could Nielsen save the set? He did after a lucky one off the wood had been a help. 1961[see double-fault vb. s.v. double a. C. 3]. 1974Mills & Butler Tackle Badminton ii. 27 A fault can occur even when the shuttle is struck by the wood.
8. Phrases.
†a. against the wood: ‘against the grain’ (grain n.1 16 b).
†b. a piece of wood: a contemptuous appellation for a stupid person; a blockhead.
c. wood and wood: see quots.d. to take in wood (local U.S. colloq.): see quot.e. In names of certain trees: wood of Jerusalem, a variety of pear; wood of life = lignum vitæ 1.
f. dead wood: see as main entry.
g. to touch wood: see touch v. 29.
a.a1568R. Ascham Scholem. (Arb.) 35 Such a witte..well handled by the mother,..and wrought as it should, not ouer⁓thwartlie, and against the wood, by the scholemaster.
b.1691New Disc. Old Intreague xxv, Next him Sir Ralph,..a very piece of Wood.
c.a1625H. Manwayring Seaman's Dict., Wood and Wood, that is when two timbers are let into each other so close that the wood of the one doth join close to the other. 1688Holme Armoury iii. 337/2 A straight Board, with a Staffe in the side, to draw over Corn in measureing,..Which measureing is termed Wood and Wood. 1805Shipwright's Vade-m. 142 Wood and Wood. This term implies that when a treenail, &c. is driven through, its point is directly even with the inside surface, whether plank or timber.
d.1839Marryat Diary Amer. Ser. i. II. 230 In the West, where steam-navigation is so abundant, when they ask you to drink they say, ‘Stranger, will you take in wood?’
e.1597Gerarde Herbal iii. cxviii. 1309 Italian Lignum vitæ, or woode of Life, groweth to a faire and beautiful tree. 1600Surflet Country Farm iii. xlix. 537 Peares, such as..the wood of Hierusalem. 1688Holme Armoury ii. 79/1 The Lignum Vite, or wood of Life, hath a smooth leaf. 1760J. Lee Introd. Bot. App. 332.
III. attrib. and Comb.
9. General:
a. attrib. or as adj. Made or consisting of wood, wooden.
1538Test. Ebor. (Surtees) VI. 76 All wodde implementes. 1545Rates of Custome Ho. d j, Wod crosses for bedes. 1578Knaresb. Wills (Surtees) I. 133 Fower woodd bottels, one lether botle. a1674Milton Hist. Mosc. i. Wks. 1851 VIII. 471 The..Sap of thir Wood-fewel burning on the fire. 1770Luckombe Hist. Printing 316 This Wood Handle with long working often grows loose. 1846Mrs. Gore Engl. Char. (1852) 3 Smooth as glass,—level as wood pavement. 1849D. Campbell Inorg. Chem. 16 A wood match red immediately rekindles when dipped into a jar of [oxygen]. 1863A. Young Naut. Dict. (ed. 2) 448 Wood⁓sheathing is used most generally for covering a vessel's bottom that has been partially wormed. 1879E. Prout Instrum. 57 The ‘wood instruments’ in ordinary use in the orchestra. 1897M. Kingsley W. Africa 378 To store enough wood to go twenty miles you had to have wood billets everywhere; all over the deck,..&c. 1901J. Black's Carp. & Build., Home Handicr. 61 Tarsia..was a species of wood inlay or mosaic. 1912T. D. Atkinson Cathedrals 180 The nave was covered with a wood ceiling.
b. attrib. (a) in sense 2 or 3, as wood country, † wood-dike, † wood-eaves, wood-edge, wood-end (end n. 2), wood-ground, wood-music, wood-path, wood-pathway, wood-ride, wood-riding, † wood-rim, wood scenery, wood-shadow, wood-song, wood-stream, wood-top, wood-walk, wood-way, wood-wonder, wood-world; dwelling in or haunting a wood or woods, sylvan, as wood-bird, † wood-burgess (fig.), wood-child, wood chorister (fig.), wood-demon, wood-folk, wood fowl, wood-god, wood-goddess, wood-knight, wood-rhapsodist, wood-tike; growing in woods, as wood-moss, wood root, wood-weed; wood-woman; (b) in sense 6, as wood-bote (boot n.1 5 b), wood-cell (cell n.1 12), wood charcoal, wood-fibre, wood fire, wood reek, wood rick, wood shide, wood smoke, wood stack; in sense 6 d, as wood-shoot; used for storing or conveying wood, as wood barge, wood boat, wood box, wood cart, wood cellar, wood hoy, wood loft, wood sled.
c. objective, etc., (a) in sense 2 or 3, as wood-keeper, wood-owner; (b) in sense 6, as wood-bearer, wood-broker, wood-carrier, wood-carter, wood-chapman, wood-chopper, wood-cleaver, wood-eater, wood-feller, wood-grower, wood sculptor, wood-seller, wood-turner, wood-worshipper; wood-carting, wood-chopping (cf. wood-chop, sense 10 a below), wood-eating, wood-hewing, wood sculpture, wood-turning ns. and adjs.; wood-like adj.d. locative, as (a) in sense 2, wood-creeper, wood-dweller, wood-retreat, wood-rover, wood-well; wood-born, wood-bred, wood-embosomed adjs. (b) in sense 7 c, as wood port.
e. instrumental and parasynthetic, (a) in sense 2 or 3, as wood-crowned, wood-encumbered, wood-fringed, wood-girt, wood-grown, wood-lost, wood-skirted adjs.; (b) in sense 6, as wood-built, wood-cased, wood-faced, wood-feeding, wood-fired, wood-hooped, wood-keyed, wood-panelled, wood-paved, wood-roofed, wood-sheathed, wood-tongued, wood-walled adjs.; wood-pave vb.
1538Elyot Dict., Ratariæ naues, lyghters, or *woode barges. 1568in Marsden Sel. Pleas Court Admir. (Selden) II. 139 A woodbarge alias the Woolfe of Dorney.
c1440Promp. Parv. 531/2 *Wodeberare, or caryare of fowayl. 1536–7Privy Purse Exp. P'cess Mary (1831) 10 My ladys grace wodberer. 1684E. Chamberlayne Pres. St. Eng. i. (ed. 15) 159 Wood-bearer, one.
1590Shakes. Mids. N. iv. i. 145 Begin these *wood birds but to couple now? 1709T. Robinson Vind. Mosaick Syst. 97 The Wood-Birds feed upon the Fruits of Trees. 1839Emerson Poems, Problem 25 Yon woodbird's nest Of leaves, and feathers.
1458in 10th Rep., Hist. MSS. Comm. App. v. 299 Maistres of *wodbotes. 1691Andros Tracts I. 142 Shallops and Wood-boats. 1883‘Mark Twain’ Life on Mississippi xvi. 166 Those boats never halt a moment..except..to hitch thirty-cord wood⁓boats alongside.
1590Spenser F.Q. i. vi. 16 The *wood⁓borne people..worship her as Goddesse of the wood. 1746Francis tr. Hor., Art P. 347 The Wood-born Satyr.
1882J. F. S. Gordon Hist. Moray III. 87 A forest, in which the burgesses had the privilege of *wood-bote granted to them.
1850S. Judd R. Edney ix. 135 The Old Man romanced with the fire, making it seem how he could graduate it exactly to the necessities of the room, and the state of the *wood-box. 1893Outing (U.S.) XXII. 135/1, I looked for a place to rest, but there was nothing but a large wood-box, with an old hemp sack to lie on.
c1586C'tess Pembroke Ps. lxxx. iv, The *woodbred swine.
1597in Feuillerat Revels Q. Eliz. (1908) 417 Thomas Jhones *woodbroker.
1861Thackeray Four Georges i, A very humble *wood-built place.
c1586C'tess Pembroke Ps. civ. ix, *Wood-burgesses..Lions I meane.
1541Old Ways (1892) 71 He see a *wod-carier come. 1921Daily Colonist (Victoria, B.C.) 8 Oct. 9/1 (Advt.), Before you put on your slippers fill up one of our strong, attractive, useful, tidy Wood Carriers. It holds about six pieces of stove wood.
c1330Durham Acc. Rolls (Surtees) 518 In 6. Coleris pro equis del *Wodecartes. 1377–8Ibid. 586.
1898Atlantic Monthly Apr. 462/1 The *wood-carter answering them in a neighbourly spirit.
1890‘R. Boldrewood’ Miner's Right (1899) 58 Amos Burton..at present does *wood carting.
1892W. B. Yeats Countess Kathleen 71 Between the pepper-pot And *wood⁓cased hour glass. 1907Install. News Dec. 21/1 The board..is a D.P. Fuse and S.P. Switch wood-cased type.
1861Bentley Man. Bot. 13 In the *wood-cells of some trees we find their walls present..large circular dots or discs which encircle them. 1875Bennett & Dyer Sachs' Bot. 98 To the Vascular forms belong the ducts and the vascular wood-cells or Tracheïdes.
1833Loudon Encycl. Cottage Archit. §712 The coal and *wood cellar.
a1722Lisle Husb. (1757) 368 The *wood⁓chapmen did not care to have their wood faggotted so early.
1857Miller Elem. Chem., Org. (1862) xiv. §2. 892 The specific heat of *wood charcoal.
1925Blunden Eng. Poems 86 The *wood-child with man's torture racked Dares seek him out, if he'll retract.
1779Mass. Hist. Soc. Coll. (1814) II. 458 The Century discov[er]ed a man creeping towards the *wood choppers. 1841Emerson Lect., Man the Reformer Wks. (Bohn) II. 239 My wood-chopper, my ploughman,..have some sort of self-sufficiency.
1845Thoreau Jrnl. 14 July in Writings (1906) VII. 367 He was going to do his *woodchopping. 1897Henty On the Irrawaddy 163 The sound of wood-chopping. 1933Bulletin (Sydney) 23 Aug. 35/3 Woodchopping..is a fine, healthy and manly sport.
1642H. More Song of Soul i. ii. lx, There the *wood-queristers sat on a row.
1589R. Harvey Pl. Perc. (1590) 1 The medling Ape, that like a tall *wood cleauer, assaying to rend a..billet in two peeces, did wedge in his pettitoes. 1657Trapp Comm. Ps. cxli. 7. 918 As wood-cleavers make the shivers flye hither and thither.
1523–34Fitzherb. Husb. §124 Gette thy quyckesettes in the *woode-countreye. 1570Foxe A. & M. (ed. 2) 188/1 A certayne wood countrey in Somersetshire, called Etheling.
c1580Bugbears iii. iii. 50 Som are called folletti, foraboscki, forasiepi, that ys *wood⁓crepers, hedg crepers, & the whyte & red fearye.
1727–46Thomson Summer 559 The *wood-crowned hill.
1820W. Irving Sk. Bk., Spectre Bridegroom (1821) I. 297 Some talked of mountain sprites, of *wood-demons.
1591Exch. Rolls Scot. XXII. 135 For uphalding of the *woddikis of Falkland.
1870Morris Earthly Par. III. iv. 404 The abode of some stout *wood-dweller.
1693S. Dale Pharmacol. 539 Teredo..The *Wood-Eater. 1844Zoologist II. 410 It is hard to attribute carnivorous propensities to so harmless a wood-eater as Hylobius.
1854A. Adams, etc. Man. Nat. Hist. 202 *Wood-eating Snout-Beetles. c1325*wode-hevese [see eaves 1 b]. a1400Morte Arth. 3376 Cho wente to the welle by þe wode euis.
a1375Joseph Arim. 475 He seiȝ vnder a *wode-egge..Fyue hondred men of Armes. 1888Stevenson Black Arrow 8 There was a stout fellow yonder in the wood-edge.
1805Scott Last Minstr. iv. ix, High over Borthwick's mountain-flood His *wood-embosom'd mansion stood. 1817Lady Morgan France (1818) II. 300 The Château..so lonely, so wood-embosomed.
1808Scott Marm. iii. ix, Kentucky's *wood-encumber'd brake.
1583Reg. Privy Council Scot. Ser. i. III. 592 Hir duelling houss in the *Wodend callit Daveschaw. c1640J. Smyth Lives Berkeleys (1883) I. 331 Lands in Wixstowe at the woodend of Hill. 1919J. Masefield Reynard 69 The wood-end rang with the clear voice crying.
1840Civil Eng. & Arch. Jrnl. III. 402/1 The improved metallic wheel with *wood-faced tyre.
1946Nature 9 Nov. 644/2 Protozoa and bacteria are essential for digestion in the *wood-feeding termites. 1974W. Trager in K. Elliott et al. Trypanosomiasis & Leishmaniasis 247 Hypermastigote flagellates of the wood-feeding roach Cryptocercus..have a whole variety of sexual phenomena.
14..Nom. in Wr.-Wülcker 697/17 Hic frondator, a *wodfeller. 1569Blague Sch. Conceytes 54 As a Woodfeller was cuttyng wood neere a riuer side, he lost his axe. 1786tr. Beckford's Vathek (1868) 90 The wood-fellers who directed their route.
1875Bennett & Dyer Sachs' Bot. 100 Whether *wood⁓fibres occur in Cryptogams is at least doubtful.
1493Festivall (W. de W.) 131 b, A *wode fyre, for peple to syt & wake therby. 1794Mrs. Radcliffe Myst. Udolpho xlii[i], The dying embers of a wood fire still glimmered on the hearth. 1823J. Badcock Dom. Amusem. 185 Bugs never infest houses..in which wood-fires only are used.
1956Railway Mag. Mar. 163/1 The *wood-fired locomotives were never very efficient. 1978M. Duffy Housespy vi. 157 I've built a wood-fired kiln.
1867Morris Jason i. 262 All about The *wood-folk gathered.
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xii. i. (Bodl. MS.), *Wood foules..dwelleþ in woodes and in þikke coppes of treen.
1787Burns ‘Admiring Nature in her wildest grace’ 13 The lawns *wood-fring'd in Nature's native taste.
1828G. W. Bridges Ann. Jamaica II. xv. 227 Surprised to find their *wood-girt town surrounded by an armed force.
1590Spenser F.Q. i. vi. 9 The wyld *woodgods. 1610Fletcher Faithf. Sheph. i. i, No Goblin, Wood-god, Fairy, Elfe, or Fiend. 1820Keats Lamia i. 34 Full of painful jealousies Of the Wood-Gods, and even the very trees.
c1843Carlyle Hist. Sketches (1898) 270 The *wood-goddess with her nymphs.
1581Cov. Leet Bk. 824 & so followe the broke into another *woodground. 1611Cotgr., Laie, Wood-ground, by measure, or quantitie of Arpens.
1835Ure Philos. Manuf. 258 [He] has to pay..more for his timber, to protect the *wood-grower.
1922W. B. Yeats Trembling of Veil 135 Little *wood-grown islands. 1956R. Macaulay Towers of Trebizond xiii. 142 The white-walled, red-roofed town and the wood-grown height beyond it.
1851Mayne Reid Scalp-Hunters vi. 48 The water-drawing, *wood-hewing pueblos.
1891Hardy Tess xxvii, The *wood-hooped pails..hung..ready..for the evening milking.
1537*Wood hoy [see wend v. 6 c].
1483Cath. Angl. 423/1 A *Wodde keper, lucarius. 1519Pres. Juries in Surtees Misc. (1890) 32 That noo wode kyeper take no swyn into the woddys for akecornes. 1868‘Holme Lee’ B. Godfrey xvii. 95 He is woodkeeper to Squire Gisborne.
1874Thearle Naval Archit. 27 The pieces of which it is composed are connected by *wood-keyed hook scarphs.
1845Browning Flight of Duchess xvii. 78 Like Orson the *wood-knight.
1548Thomas Ital. Dict. (1550), Seluaggio, wilde, or *wooddelike. 1713Phil. Trans. XXVIII. 224 A sort of sullen greenish Wood-like rust.
1785Cowper Let. to Newton 19 Mar., We.. have..more than two waggon loads of them in our *wood-loft.
1916Blunden Pastorals 15 Voices of *wood-lost winds.
1796T. Townshend Poems 104 For many a long and languid day Upon the *wood-moss laid.
a1586Sidney Arcadia iii. (1922) II. 74 The Nightingale *woodmusiques King.
1757Refl. Importation Bar-Iron 17 The *Wood-Owner..divides his Wood into a Number of Cuts.
1832Gentl. Mag. CII. i. 578/2 The *wood panneled ceiling.
1827–35N. P. Willis Idleness 60 *Woodpath or stream, or slope by hill or vale.
1856Vaughan Mystics (1860) I. 139 These *wood-pathways..led up a steep hill.
1842Civil Eng. & Arch. Jrnl. V. 281/1 To *wood-pave all the turnpike roads.
1887Pall Mall Gaz. 14 Nov. 2/1 The *wood-paved part of the Space.
1972House & Garden Feb. 109/4 Each shipment of *wood ports will have a continuity of quality... Ruby, tawny and white ports are all matured in wood.
Beowulf 3144 *Wudu-rec astah. [1895W. Morris Beowulf 109 The wood-reek went up.] 1898Pall Mall Mag. May 87 That the blue wood-reek might chase away the flies.
1909T. S. Eliot in Harvard Advocate 26 Jan. 135 As if one should meet A pensive lamia in some *wood-retreat.
1885W. B. Yeats in Dublin Univ. Rev. May 82/1 The birds that nestle in the leaves are sad, Poor sad *wood-rhapsodists.
1869Blackmore Lorna D. x, The bark from the *wood⁓ricks [being] washed down the gutters.
1827Clare Sheph. Cal. 9 Beside the *woodride's lonely gate. 1928Blunden Retreat 36 And wood-rides never reach the glittering gate. 1972R. Adams Watership Down vii. 24 The head moved slowly, taking in the dusky lengths of the wood-ride in both directions.
1934Blunden Mind's Eye 154 An abundant round of skilful practical doings, from the wagon-shed to the *wood-riding. 1943N. & Q. 9 Oct. 234 Wood-riding, green way across a wood. Northants.
969Lease in Birch Cartul. Sax. III. 528 Of swepelan streame west be *wudu riman. c1205Lay. 739, I þon wode rime.
1837Civil Eng. & Arch. Jrnl. I. 24/1 The *wood-roofed house.
c1205Lay. 467 Leouere heom his to libben bi þan *wode-roten.
1825Hazlitt Spirit of Age i. Wks. 1902 IV. 198 Wreaths of snow under which the wild *wood-rovers bury themselves..in winter.
1817Lady Morgan France (1818) II. 309 Our celebrated landscape-painter, Robert,..assisted me in laying out the grounds, and disposing of my *wood scenery.
1968Canad. Antiques Collector Aug. 13/3 Quevillon, one of the leading *wood-sculptors of the early 19th century, worked at Longueil from 1818 to 1821. 1977Belfast Tel. 27 Jan. 10/7 It's a new oak prie-dieu..and it has taken wood sculptor Billy Graham and joiner Tommy Simons 120 man-hours to turn it out.
1974Saturday (Charleston, S. Carolina) 20 Apr. 5-a/2 (Advt.), Children up to 15 are encouraged to come and participate free in learning to paint, make jewelery, *wood sculpture and other crafts with all materials free.
1479in Engl. Gilds (1870) 425 Prouydid..that the *woddesillers leve not the bak..bare of wodde. 1554in Wadley Notes Wills Bristol (1886) 189 Wodseller and Citesin of the Citie of Bristowe. 1755Johnson, Woodmonger, a woodseller.
1828Mrs. Hemans Peasant Girl Rhone 16 Sad and slow, Through the *wood-shadows, moved the knightly train. 1922Joyce Ulysses 11 Woodshadows floated silently by through the morning peace.
1691T. H[ale] Acc. New Invent. 9 *Wood-sheathed Ships.
c1440Promp. Parv. 531/2 *Wodeschyde.., teda. 1577in J. R. Boyle Hedon (1875) 65 For nailes and wodshiddes and two skottells vjd.
1842J. Aiton Dom. Econ. (1857) 299 Take the *wood-shoots close by their roots, so that the bark may grow over the wound.
1822Home Fatal Discov. iii, On the *wood-skirted lawn.
1858O. W. Holmes Aut. Breakf.-t. ix. (1891) 211 The creaking of the *wood-sleds, bringing their loads of oak and walnut.
1747H. Glasse Art of Cookery ii. 42 Hang it up in a Chimney where *Wood-Smoke is. 1847Mrs. Gore Castles in Air vii. (1857) 48 Smelling of fresh straw in summer, and wood-smoke in winter.
1601Death of Robt. Earl of Huntington D 2, Fall to your *wod-songs therefore, yeomen bold. 1834Mrs. Hemans Poems, Happy Hour 7 The sweet wood-song's penetrating flow. 1930T. S. Eliot Marina, Those who suffer the ectasy of the animals, meaning Death Are become unsubstantial, reduced by a wind, A breath of pine, and the woodsong fog By this grace dissolved in place.
1538Elyot Dict., Lignile, fuell, or a *wodde stacke. 1707Mortimer Husb. 379 The size of Faggots and Wood Stacks..differs in most Countries. 1913‘Q’ Hetty Wesley ii. v, The wood stack hid her from the Parsonage windows.
c1820Mrs. Hemans Tale 14th C. 322 The *wood-stream's plaintive harmony.
a1583Montgomerie Flyting 737 *Woodtyk, hoodpyk, ay like to liue in lacke!
1938Dylan Thomas Map of Love (1939) 13 But I, Ann's bard on a raised hearth, call all The seas to service that her *wood-tongued virtue Babble like a bellbuoy over the hymning heads.
1794Mrs. Radcliffe Myst. Udolpho xxxi[i], The passing gleam fell on the *wood-tops below.
1839in Inquiry, Yorksh. Deaf & Dumb (1870) 22 William..Sedgwick, *wood⁓turner.
1901Scotsman 5 Apr. 7/2 *Wood-turning tools.
1791C. Smith Celestina (ed. 2) I. 228 Birds, who found food and shelter amid the shrubberies and *wood⁓walks.
1595Markham Trag. Sir R. Grinuile (Arb.) 46 The *wood-walled Cittizens at sea.
c1325in Kennett Par. Antiq. (1818) I. 566 Duæ acræ..juxta le *wode wey. 1906S. W. Mitchell Pearl 19 The beauty of those wood-ways green.
1850Househ. Words I. 29/1 *Wood-weeds, river-weeds, and other weeds.
1920E. Sitwell Wooden Pegasus 106 Dark *wood-wells.
1903W. B. Yeats In Seven Woods 21 And the *wood⁓woman whose lover was changed to a blue-eyed hawk.
1925Blunden Eng. Poems 92 Oh could it but be held by these *wood-wonders.
a1887Jefferies Field & Hedgerow (1889) 331 The humble-bee the wide *wood-world may roam.
1579Fulke Conf. Sanders 587 To proue them *woode worshippers and idolaters.
f. In ME. poetry, in combs. wood bough, wood lay (lea n.1) = ? glade or grove, wood lind (= tree), wood rise (rice n., small branch), esp. in phr. under wood bough, etc. = in the woods, in the leafy shade: sometimes with allusion to secret love-making.
Cf. J. Hall's ed. of King Horn 1227 note.
a1225Ancr. R. 96 Euer is þe eie to þe wude leie [v.r. wodeleȝe], þerinne is þet ich luuie. a1290S. Eustace 20 in Horstm. Altengl. Leg. (1881) 212 Þe hert wes muchel..þer he wes ounder wode linde. Ibid. 32 Þere he wes ounder wode leye. Ibid. 76 [He] wes ounder wode-bowe. 13..K. Horn 1160 (Harl.) Ȝef þou horn euer seȝe vnder wode leȝe. c1320Sir Tristr. 2485 Vnder wode bouȝ Þai knewen day and niȝt. c1330R. Brunne Chron. Wace (Rolls) 4734 Wylde walkande by wode lyndes. 1387–8T. Usk Test. Love iii. vii. (Skeat) l. 53 Beware of thy lyfe, that thou no wodelay use, as in asking of thinges that strecchen in-to shame! c1400Gamelyn 633 Adam loked tho vndir wode bough. Ibid. 676 As men that ben..hard be-stad vnder wode lynde. c1470Gol. & Gaw. 1344 Rachis can ryn vndir the wod rise.
g. attrib. uses and comb. of pl. (sense 2). U.S.
1849F. Douglas Life 59, I stopped my oxen to open the woods gate. 1868Rep. U.S. Comm. Agric. (1869) 391 Any land..may be improved by the addition of vegetable matter, such as woods litter. 1880S. Lanier Hymns of Marshes, Sunrise 47 The woods-smell. 1902S. E. White Blazed Trail v, Bands of woods-creatures. 1904― Forest xiv, He was..comparatively inexperienced in woods-walking. Ibid., A good woods-walker progresses without apparent hurry. 1908― Riverman vii, Still lingering at the woods camps,..five hundred woods-weary men.
h. similative, as wood-green, wood-wild adjs.
1807J. Barlow Columbiad v. 169 The sandy stream⁓bank and the woodgreen plain Raise into sight the new made seats of man. 1925E. Sitwell et al. Poor Young People 10 His wood-green laughter. 1953― Gardeners & Astronomers 37 And is blown by the bright air Upon your wood-wild April-soft long hair.
10. a. Special Combs.: wood-acid = wood-vinegar; wood-agate, agatized wood (Cent. Dict.); wood-alcohol = wood-spirit 2; wood-and-water joey Austral. slang, an odd job man; wood-axe, an axe for hewing wood or felling trees; wood-block, (a) a block of wood, esp. one on which a design is cut for printing from (cf. wood-engraving, woodcut); (b) Mus., a hollow wooden block used as a percussion instrument; cf. Chinese block s.v. Chinese a. 2 and temple block s.v. temple n.1 6 c; wood-block v., to pave with wood-blocks; † wood-bone [boon n.1 6], ? a boon-day for wood-cutting; wood-borer, something that bores wood; esp. any one of certain insects and other invertebrates which make perforations in wood; so wood-boring a.; wood-bound a., (a) bound or fastened with wood; (b) of land, encumbered with woody hedges or trees; (c) enclosed by woodland; (d) see quot. 1892; wood-branch, a branch of a fruit tree kept primarily for growth of wood (6 d); wood brick, a block of wood cut to the size and shape of a brick, inserted in the interior walls of a building as a hold for joinery (Gwilt); wood-bud, a bud forming the rudiment of a wood-branch; wood-burner, (a) a locomotive that is fuelled with wood; (b) a wood-burning stove or fire; wood-burning a., using wood as fuel; † wood-bush1 [buss n.1], a vessel for conveying wood, a wood-barge; wood-bush2 [bush n.1 9], name of a wooded region in S. Africa; wood-butcher U.S. slang, an inexperienced carpenter; wood-carpet, (a) a floor-carpet made of thin pieces of wood arranged in patterns (Knight Dict. Mech. 1875); (b) the geometer moth Melanippe rivata (E. Newman, 1869); † wood-carriage, a tenurial obligation to carry wood; wood-carving, the ornamental carving of wooden utensils, furniture, etc.; concr. a piece of such carving; hence wood-carved a., -carver; † wood-cast [cast n. 13], a pile or stack of wood; woodchip, a chip of wood; also (in full woodchip paper), wallpaper with woodchips, etc., embedded in it to give an uneven appearance; woodchip board = chipboard s.v. chip n.1 9; wood-chop Austral. and N.Z., a wood-chopping contest; wood-colour, the colour of wood; a pigment of such a colour; wood-copper, a wood-brown fibrous variety of olivenite; † wood-corder U.S., a town official responsible for stacking cut wood for sale into standard ‘cords’ piles; wood-corn, ‘some quantity of Oats or other Grain, paid by Customary Tenants to the Lord, for liberty to pick up dead or broken Wood’ (Cowel's Interpr. 1701); wood-draughtsman, one who draws for wood-engraving; so wood-drawing; wood-dried a., dried by the heat of burning wood; wood-drink, a decoction of some medicinal wood (cf. 6 g); wood-engraver, (a) one who engraves on wood, an artist who does wood-engraving; (b) a name for various species of N. American wood-boring beetles, esp. Xyleborus cælatus; wood-engraving, the process or art of engraving on wood or of making wood-cuts; concr. a design so cut upon a wood-block or obtained by impression from it, a woodcut; woodfall, a felling of trees for their wood, a cutting of timber; wood-farm, (a) a farm on which trees are grown for timber; † (b) an office in the Port of London, which dealt with the delivery of wood and other goods discharged; wood-farmer (see quot.); wood-flat U.S., a raft or flat-bottomed boat used for transporting wood by water; wood-flour, (a) a substance obtained by grinding wood containing starchy matter, proposed as a substitute for flour; (b) a very fine sawdust obtained from pine-wood, used as an absorbent surgical dressing; † wood-fold, a wood-yard; wood-forester Sc., one who has charge of woods; wood-free a. (a) [cf. free a. 27 b], entitled to take wood gratis; (b) Paper-making, made free from mechanical wood, though not necessarily from chemical wood; also as n., a wood-free paper; wood-fretter (cf. wood-borer); wood-fungus, a fungus that infests wood; † wood-garth = wood-yard; wood-gas, gas for illumination obtained from wood; † wood-geld [geld n.], money paid for the privilege of cutting or gathering wood in a forest; also (according to 17th c. legal writers), the privilege of immunity from such payment; wood-gum = xylan; † wood-hag [hag n.3], the right to cut wood; † wood-hagger, a wood-cutter, wood-hewer; wood-hanging, ‘thin veneer on a paper backing, to be used as wall-paper’ (Knight Dict. Mech. 1875); wood-heap Austral. = wood-pile; wood-hewer, (a) one who hews wood, a wood-cutter; (b) a bird of the family Dendrocolaptidæ, a South American tree-creeper; † wood-hire, payment or outrent for wood; wood-hole, a hole or recess in which wood is stored for fuel (cf. coal-hole); † wood-honey [OE. wuduhuniᵹ = L. mel silvestre, Gr. µέλι ἄγριον], wild honey; wood-hook, a hook for cutting off pieces of wood from trees; wood-horse U.S., (a) a sawing-horse; (b) the walking-stick insect (Cent. Dict.); wood-hung a., bordered with hanging woods; † wood-iron, ? iron smelted by means of wood; † wood-leave (Sc. -leif, -lief, -leive), leave or permission to cut or procure wood; transf. a duty charged for this; wood-lock Naut., a piece of hard wood sheathed with copper, fitted closely beneath the pintle of a rudder to prevent the latter from rising; hence wood-locked a., secured by a wood-lock; † wood-lode, the carriage or conveyance of wood; the right or privilege of carrying wood; wood-lot orig. U.S. [lot n. 6 a], a plot of land containing or consisting of woodland; wood-maid, -maiden, a mythical female being dwelling in or haunting woods; † wood-maker = woodman 2; wood-master, now Hist. the master or overseer of a wood; wood-meal, (a) a kind of flour, resembling sawdust in appearance, prepared from the root of the manioc or cassava-plant; (b) the powdered wood produced by the wood-worm; wood-money (see quot.); wood-mote, now Hist., a court for determining cases in forest law, later called court of attachments (attachment 3); wood-mould, mould consisting of decayed wood; wood naphtha = wood-spirit 2; wood-note, a natural untrained musical note or song like that of a wild bird in a wood (in later quots. echoing Milton); wood offering, an offering of wood to be burnt in sacrifice; wood-opal [G. holzopal], opal formed by petrifaction of wood, opalized or silicified wood; wood-paper, paper made from wood-pulp; wood-peat, peat formed from decayed wood (Cent. Dict.); † wood-penny, (a) ? = wood-silver; cf. woodland penny; (b) Paul's betony, Veronica officinalis; wood-piercer, -piercing a. = wood-borer, -boring; wood-pile, (a) a pile or stack of wood, esp. for fuel; (b) phr. a nigger in the woodpile: see nigger n. 1 d; also in allusive and euphemistic varr.; (c) Mus. slang, a xylophone; wood-plant, (a) a plant with woody stem and branches; (b) a plant that grows in woods, a woodland plant; † wood-plea court, ? = wood-mote; † wood-pleck [pleck], ? an enclosure in which wood is stored; wood post, a station where wood is procured; wood powder, (a) powder made by disintegration of wood, as sawdust; (b) a kind of gunpowder made from light porous wood; wood-print, a print from an engraved wood-block, a woodcut; wood-pulp, a pulp made by mechanical or chemical disintegration of wood-fibre, and used for making paper; also attrib.; wood-ranger orig. and chiefly U.S., one who ranges woods; a scout or sharpshooter in American armies (cf. ranger n. 3); wood ray Bot. (see quot. 1933); † wood-rent, ? = wood-silver; wood-road, a track or rough road through woods; wood-rock, a compact variety of asbestos resembling dry wood, also called mountain wood (Cent. Dict.); wood rot, a fungal disease that causes wood to rot; so wood-rotting a.; wood-saw, a saw for cutting wood, as a buck-saw (Knight 1875); wood-sawyer, (a) a man employed in sawing wood; (b) the larva of a wood-boring beetle or other insect, which cuts off twigs, etc. (Cent. Dict.); † wood-scathe [scathe n. 1], a fiend or monster of the wood; wood-screw, a metallic screw specially adapted for fastening together parts of woodwork or wood and metal; wood-service, service as a wood-ranger; † wood-silver, ? a payment made in lieu of a supply of wood; cf. woodland silver; woodskin, a light canoe made of bark, used by native tribes in Guyana; in full woodskin canoe; wood-soot, the soot of burnt wood, formerly recognized in the British Pharmacopœia as fuligo ligni, and used in dyeing; † wood-speech [speech n.1 10 b], a kind of wood-mote; wood-still, a still for distilling tar or turpentine from pine-wood (Knight Dict. Mech. 1875); wood-stone, petrified wood, esp. a form of quartz consisting of silicified wood; wood-stove, a stove adapted for burning wood (Knight 1875); wood-sugar = xylose (Cent. Dict. Suppl.); † wood-tale, a quantity of wood supplied as a due; wood-tar, a bituminous liquid obtained in the destructive distillation of pines and other trees; wood-tin [G. holzzinn], a variety of cassiterite or tin-stone of brownish colour and fibrous structure, resembling dry wood; wood-vessel, (a) a vessel carrying a cargo of wood; (b) Bot. a sap-conducting vessel in the woody tissue of a plant; wood-vinegar, vinegar or crude acetic acid obtained by distillation of wood, also called pyroligneous acid; † wood-waste (meaning unknown); wood-wharf, a wharf at which cargoes of wood are landed or shipped; so wood-wharfing; † wood-whistle, ? the bishop's weed, Ammimajus; woodwind, the wooden wind-instruments in an orchestra collectively (cf. 7 e above, and wind n.1 12 b; now often made of some other material); also, an individual instrument of this kind; wood-wing Theatr., a wing which is shaped and decorated so as to represent a tree or trees; wood-wool, † (a) cotton; (b) fine shavings of wood, usually pine-wood, used as a surgical dressing and for various other purposes; woodwright, a worker in wood, as a carpenter.
1858Simmonds Dict. Trade, *Wood-acid, an inferior pyroligneous acid, distilled from oak, beech, ash, &c. 1861*Wood alcohol [see pyroligneous].
1887All Year Round 30 July 67/2 A ‘*wood-and-water Joey’ is a hanger about hotels, and a doer of odd jobs. 1930V. Palmer Passage i. v. 42, I wanted you to be something different from a wood-and-water joey, earning a few pounds here and there. 1966Woman's Day (Sydney) 31 Oct., He is a ‘wood and water joey’—the lad who does the odd jobs around the homestead.
c1356Durham Acc. Rolls 557 In factura unius *Wodeax. 1535Stewart Cron. Scot. II. 454 With ane wod-ax thair tha straik of his heid. 1625Reg. Mag. Sig. Scot. 300/2 Lie schaft of the wode aix. 1900R. W. Chambers Cardigan xxix, I..unslung my wood⁓axe. He drew his hatchet.
1837L. Hebert Engin. & Mech. Encycl. II. 825 Two specimens of *wood-blocks, cut by Mr. Wightman. 1877H. Law & D. K. Clark Constr. Roads 17 Following the experience of stone-set paving, the wood blocks of narrower dimensions answered better. 1883Builder 24 Nov. 704/2 The prejudice against the use of good elm for purposes such as wood-block floors. 1930Étude Sept. 620 (caption) The drummer in a modern theater orchestra uses the assortment of instruments here shown. There are..Trap Console, Italian Tam Tam, and Wood Block. 1969Listener 23 Jan. 121/2 The viola players also plays a woodblock, and the viola and cello bow a suspended cymbal. 1972Jazz & Blues Oct. 28/2 The drummer accompanies on the drums, with woodblocks used to give tonal contrast.
1908Westm. Gaz. 13 Aug. 4/2 The road leading from Shepherd's Bush to Uxbridge,..the major part of which was *wood⁓blocked by the United Tramways Company.
1524Compotus of monastic property in Cottingham, Northants (MS.), Vnu' *Wodbone in autumpno, vnam Gallinam ad Natale D'ni, et decem oua ad Pascha.
1850A. White List Crustacea B. Mus. 56 Chelura terebrans. Sea *Wood-Borer.
1815Kirby & Sp. Entomol. viii. (1818) I. 240 The little *wood-boring beetles..(Anobium pertinax and striatum) also attack books. 1875Knight Dict. Mech. 2275/1 Spiral Bit, a wood boring tool..made of a twisted bar of metal.
1570Richmond Wills (Surtees) 229 Two paire of *wood boune wheills. 1710D. Hilman Tusser Rediv. Mar. (1744) 35 Where it fronts the Sea, pois'nous Marshes, Wood⁓bound, over-shelter'd by Woods, and the like. 1796Marshall Planting I. 56 High Hedges, and low Pollards, are the bane of corn fields..in Norfolk, lands thus encumbered are..said to be wood-bound. 1876Hardy Ethelberta xv, Ethelberta and Christopher stood within the wood⁓bound circle alone. 1892Labour Commission Gloss., Wood⁓bound Trade, in the coopering industry making packing casks in which to put bottles for export from breweries.
1706London & Wise Retir'd Gard'ner I. ii. iii. 111 The *Wood-Branches are those that form the Shape of the Tree. 1842*Wood Bricks [see nog n.1].
1763Mills Syst. Pract. Husb. IV. 249 Care should..be taken to cut them a little sloping behind a *wood bud, which may be easily distinguished from the blossom buds. 1840Penny Cycl. XVII. 346/1 The flower-buds are plump and roundish; the wood⁓buds are more oblong and pointed.
1901World's Work (N.Y.) Dec. 1518/2, I began when there was nothing but *wood⁓burners, big flaming smokestacks, and all that. 1965G. McInnes Road to Gundagai v. 81 A gas stove and an old fashioned woodburner. 1980Sunday Times (Colour Suppl.) 30 Mar. 69/3 Finland's last wood-burner steams through an Arctic Circle blizzard.
1951W. Faulkner Requiem for Nun iii. 225 The light-wheeled bulb-stacked *wood-burning engines shrieking among the swamps. Ibid. 251 The intractable and obsolescent of the town who still insisted on wood-burning ranges. 1960Times 20 Oct. 15/2 A wood-burning river steamer. 1980A. E. Fisher Midnight Men xv. 187 Sarah's studio..was warm..with a big wood-burning stove.
1587K.R. Mem. Roll 392 Mich. v. 3 Navis Angl' voc' *woodbushe.
1896Westm. Gaz. 14 Sept. 2/3 Majajie, the mystical Queen of the *Wood⁓bush tribes. 1903J. Buchan Afr. Colony 114 A delight in the Wood Bush is apt to spoil a man for other scenery.
1883Sporting Life 27 May 4/3 What has he done to the New York Clipper's *wood butcher that he should be thus caricatured? 1890in Barrère & Leland Dict. Slang s.v., Counting carpenters and wood-butchers together, it is estimated that about 20,000 men make their living in London as carpenters and joiners.
1557Acts Privy Counc. Irel. (Hist. MSS. Comm.) 39 The freholders..hathe been accustomed..to pay..certain *woodd cariages and other duties.
1885Halliwell Life Shaks. (ed. 5) 521 The elegant *wood-carved roof.
1859W. S. Coleman Woodlands (1862) 62 The wood [of the alder]..is a favourite material for many purposes of the turner and the *wood-carver.
1847Ld. Lindsay Chr. Art I. p. ccix, Artists in *wood-carving. 1862Catal. Internat. Exhib., Brit. II. No. 5723, Book-case, wood-carvings, stone-sculpture.
1483Cath. Angl. 423/1 A *Wodde caste, strues. 1612N. Riding Rec. (1884) I. 259 Chr. Wright..[presented] for building his wood-cast and laying his tymber in the Kinges street whereby the people..cannot conveniently passe.
1958Times Rev. Industry Dec. 61/3 Information service, covering all aspects of the production of *wood⁓chip board. 1973Nation Rev. (Melbourne) 31 Aug. (Suppl.) 1/1 The impending threat to Australia's native forests from intensive forestry, and particularly from woodchip projects. 1976Dumfries & Galloway Standard 25 Dec. 4 (Advt.), Top quality woodchip reduced from 49p to only 39p roll. 1976Milton Keynes Express 18 June 14/1 (Advt.), Woodchip paper—ideal for overpainting. Sale price 37p. 1977Abingdon Herald 2 June 9/2 (Advt.), Fine quality woodchip (ideal for overpainting) only 39p per roll.
1918Bulletin (Sydney) 16 May 48/2 Bill Lucas will chop against a local champion... After the *wood-chop five rounds between. 1934T. Wood Cobbers xvi. 191, I saw a good wood-chop and some tumultuous steer-riding. 1964Courier-Mail (Brisbane) 27 July 8/5 It will be dearer at this year's Show if you want to just drop in to see one or two woodchops.
1622Peacham Compl. Gent. xii. 116 Your *Wood colours are compounded either of Vmber and White, Char-coale and White [etc.]. 1884Bower & Scott De Bary's Phaner. 507 The sap-wood..has a light whitish or yellowish wood-colour.
1823W. Phillips Introd. Min. (ed. 3) 320 Hæmatitic Arseniate. *Wood Copper.
1681Rep. Record Commissioners City of Boston (1881) VII. 143 Chosen..Over⁓seers of *Wood Corders. 1781First Records Baltimore Town (1905) 43 The Commissers had it [sc. an oath] administred to him and afterwards appointed him Wood⁓corder. 1850Knickerbocker XXXVI. 105 When he has a long wand, he is a wood-corder.
1235–53Rentalia Glaston. (Somerset Rec. Soc.) 76 Facit easdem consuetudines sicut Robertus de Stodlegh' preter *Wdecorn unum ferdellum.
1894Herkomer in Daily News 28 Apr. 6/7 Nearly all the *wood⁓draughtsmen of my time have become painters of eminence.
Ibid., He watches over the welfare of the artists now as much as he did in my *wood-drawings days.
1577Harrison England iii. i. 96/1 The *woode dryed mault..doth..annoye the heade of him that is not vsed thereto because of the smoke. 1591R. Hitchcock in Arb. Garner II. 216 Wood-dried malt will make unsavoury drink.
1611Florio, Pigliare il legno, to take the *wood or dyet drinke for the pox. 1696Floyer Humours 190 Drinking Wine, and two parts of Water, or Wood-Drinks.
1816Ottley Hist. Engraving I. 97 It appears that the old German *wood engravers manufactured prodigious quantities of these religious cuts.
Ibid. 31 The professors of *wood engraving. Ibid. 32 Another large wood engraving, representing the Madonna.
1588Walsingham in Collect. (O.H.S.) I. 230 Yearely *woodfals in Middlesex. 1619T. Clay Chorol. Disc. 25 To see that the Woodfalls be made at seasonable times.
1767A. Young Farmer's Lett. to People (1771) I. iii. 153 note, *Wood-farms..not being very common. 1812J. Smyth Pract. Customs (1821) 388 The business of the Woodfarm or River Office in the Port of London.
1831Loudon Encycl. Agric. (ed. 2) 1123 *Wood⁓farmers, such as rent woodlands, to be periodically cut for fuel [etc.].
1785in Maryland Hist. Mag. (1925) XX. 42 He hath gone up and down frequently in battans, scows and *wood-flats. 1838Jrnl. & Register (Columbus, Ohio) 27 Apr. 2/5 There were no boats at hand except a few large and unmanageable wood flats which were carried to the relief of the sufferers..by the few persons on the shore. 1883‘Mark Twain’ Life on Mississippi 237 The Pennsylvania was creeping along,.. towing a wood-flat which was fast being emptied.
1845Dodd Brit. Manuf. Ser. v. 18 The wood is next dried.., and is afterwards ground repeatedly, till it assumes the form of a rough flour. The *wood-flour is then formed into small flat cakes by the addition of water. 1885Buck's Handbk. Med. Sci. I. 265/2 Wood-wool and wood⁓flour, the latter the finest, are made from pine wood.
1570Levins Manip. 219/20 A *Wodfould, lignarium.
1865Queen Victoria More Leaves (1884) 32 The Duke's head *wood⁓forester. 1899Crockett Kit Kennedy 175 Kit's uncle Rob, the wood forester.
1554Charters rel. Glasgow (1906) II. 513 Archinbalde salbe *wod fre and querell fre to the bigging..of the saidis mylne and hir dame. 1904Jrnl. Soc. Chem. Industry 15 Jan. 34/2 (heading) Manufacture of wood-free cardboard for printing. 1966Economist 24 Sept. 1269/1 The mill will make..good quality ‘wood-frees’. 1979Morning News (Karachi) 24 May 5/2 This variation is applied for woodfree and mechanical pulp.
1611Cotgr., Tavelliere, the little worme called a *Wood-fretter.
1876Preece Telegraphy 161 Dry-rot..is due to a species of *wood-fungus—the Merulius lachrymans—which destroys the tensile and cohesive power of the wood, and gradually reduces it to..a fine powder.
1343Durham Acc. Rolls (Surtees) 39 Lapides pro paviamento del *Wodegarthe. 1570Levins Manip. 34/5 Y⊇ Wodgarth, lig[n]arium.
c1865Letheby in Circ. Sci. I. 125/2 The..city of Heilbronn has recently been lighted up with *wood-gas.
1220in Spelman Gloss. Archæol. (1664) 260 Et sint quieti..de omnibus geldis, & danegeldis, & *vodegeldis. 1334in N. Riding Record Soc. N.S. III. 108 Quod ipse et homines sui sint quieti de omnibus geldis..Et de wodegeldis. 1594Crompton Jurisd. 197 Woodgeld, is properly to be discharged of gathering within the forest, for the behoofe of the foresters, and other ministers there. 1628Coke On Litt. 233 Pudzeld [i.e. þudᵹeld] or Woodgeld is to be free from payment of money for taking of Wood in any Forest.
1894Muir & Morley Watts' Dict. Chem. IV. 868/1 Tree gum. *Wood gum.
1569in Reg. Mag. Sig. Scot. 1580, 810 Cum.. lapicidiis, silvis, nemoribus cum lie *wode hage. 1569Charters Crosraguel Abbey (1886) I. 195 Cum earundem silvis et nemoribus cum lie Wodhag.
1295Acc. Exch. K.R. 5/8 m. 2 (P.R.O.) In stipendiis Walteri Le *Wodhagger pro meremio prosternendo in bosco de Stagholme. 1624Capt. J. Smith Virginia iii. vii. 69 Let no man thinke that..these gentlemen spent their times as common wood-haggers at felling of trees.
1868Rep. U.S. Comm. Agric. (1869) 15 The American *wood-hanging..has been applied for the finish of the suite of rooms.
1943K. Tennant Ride on Stranger (1968) iii. 21 Get back to the *wood-heap. 1966‘J. Hackston’ Father clears Out 77 Father was out at the woodheap chopping Mother's wood for her.
c1000ælfric Deut. xxix. 11 Butan *wudu⁓heawerum & ðam ðe wæter berað. 1300Rolls of Parlt. I. 255/1 Roberto le Wodehyewere. 1483Cath. Angl. 423/1 A Wodde hewer, lignarius. 1867Sclater & Salvin Exotic Ornith. (1869) 71 Xiphocolaptes major. (Rusty Wood-hewer).
1361in Blount Fragm. Antiq. (1815) 368 Pro *wodehyre ob'. 1438–9Durham Acc. Rolls (Surtees) 74 Pro Wodhire apud Aldyngrige, Brome, et Rylley, hoc anno, iiij d. 1511–12Ibid. (MS.), Pro Wodhire in Aldyngryge et Rylley, iij d. ob.
1668G. Etherege She Wou'd if she Cou'd i. i, Creep into the *Wood-hole here. 1703J. Philips Splendid Shilling 44 Confounded, to the dark recess I fly Of wood-hole.
c950Lindisf. Gosp. Mark i. 6 Mel siluestrae, *wudu huniᵹ. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xvii. lxiii. (1495) P vj/2 Been haunte the floures [of beech] and gadre wode hony in holowe trees. c1450Mirk's Festial 184/30 Saynt Ion ete leues, brod and rownd and whyt,..and when þay byn frotude..thay byn swete as hony..and byn callyd wod-hony.
c1440Promp. Parv. 531/2 *Wodehoke, or wedehoke, sarculus. 1598Barret Theor. Warres v. iii. 134, 1500 wood hookes, and tooles to make faggots.
1849F. Douglas Life 116 Mr. Johnson kindly let me have his *wood horse and saw.
1745Warton Pleas. Melanch. 315 *Wood-hung Menai, stream of druids old.
1536–7Durham Acc. Rolls (Surtees) 694 Et in 4xx petr. ferri de stauro dni Prioris pro le *Wodyron ad 4d., 26s. 8d.
1503Acc. Ld. High Treas. Scot. II. 283 Payit be the said Robert for *wod leif in France, xviij frankis. 1610in Rec. Convent. Burghs Scot. (1870) II. 300 Dewteis for grundlieve and woodlieve.
1805Shipwright's Vade-m. 142 *Wood⁓lock, a piece of elm or oak,..in the throating or score of the pintle, near the load-water line.
1867Smyth Sailor's Word-bk. 529 The pintles are hooks which enter the braces, and the rudder is then *wood-locked.
1263Cal. Inquis. p. M. Hen. III (1904) 563, 15 s. 4 d. *wodelode. 1377in Somerset & Dorset N. & Q. (1911) Dec. 342 Johannes Purdy tenet unam virgatam..reddet per annum vij s- vj d. pro Wodelode iiij d.
1658Suffolk (Mass.) Deeds (1885) III. No. 174, I heeretofore purchased..all the rights to any *wood Lott. 1706Town Records (Manchester, Mass.) (1889) I. 115 It is Voted and agreed to lay out 50 or 60 Acors of land at the west end of our common for a wood lot. 1742in W. M. Sargent Maine Wills (1887) 473 A third part of a Wood Lott for Cutting of y⊇ wood or for feeding. 1866Lowell Among my Bks., Lessing (1870) 304 He would soon be driven to the cutting of green stuff from his own wood-lot, more rich in smoke than fire. 1975N.Z. Jrnl. Agric. Sept. 25/2 Burning requires fuel, but..piles of branches from the woodlots..are soon used up. 1976Shooting Times & Country Mag. 18–24 Nov. 28/2 Not that Jim wouldn't shoot a woodcock that got up in front of him, or a pheasant from the plough between a couple of woodlots.
1616MS. Acc. St. John's Hosp., Canterb., For bread and drink to the teners and *wood makers.
15..in Blount Anc. Tenures (1679) 168 The *Woodmaster and Kepers of Needwoode shale every yere mete at..Birkeley Lodgge..and Seynt Laurence dey; at which dey and place a Woodmoote shal be kept. 1826Hor. Smith Tor Hill I. 292 A Woodmote having been held on the same day,..the wood-master and his men came to swell the procession.
1760–72J. Adams tr. Juan & Ulloa's Voy. (ed. 3) II. 324 The common food of the inhabitants..throughout Brazil, is the farina de Pau or *wood-meal, which is universally eaten instead of bread. 1852J. J. Seidel Organ 121 Pipes..so completely eaten by the wood-worm, that the wind blows out the dust or wood-meal through all the holes.
1892Labour Comm. Gloss. s.v. Money, Some yards in the barge-building industry allow the men to take home..small pieces of wood: others allow 2d. per day in lieu of wood; this is termed *wood money.
15..,1826*Wood-mote [see wood-master]. a1610J. Manwood Lawes Forest xxii. §1 (1615) 207 The said Court of attachments then called the Wood⁓mote Court. 1768Blackstone Comm. III. vi. 71 The court of attachments, wood-mote, or forty days court, is to be held before the verderors of the forest once in every forty days. 1900J. Nisbet Our Forests & Woodlands i. 29 In the Charter of 1217 provision was made for a Court of Attachment or ‘Woodmote’ being held every forty days... Like the Woodmote, the Swainmote was originally held at irregular times. 1978Lancashire Life Apr. 27/2 One named Ughtred Hodgkinson attended a woodmote at Whitewell in Bowland in 1570.
1868Rep. U.S. Comm. Agric. (1869) 424 A small portion of the field was manured with a compost of night-soil and *wood-mold. 1842*wood-naphtha [see wood-spirit 2].
1632Milton L'Allegro 134 If..sweetest Shakespear fancies childe, Warble his native *Wood-notes wilde. 1789Burns Let. to M'Auley 4 June, Mrs. Burns..has a glorious ‘wood⁓note wild’ at either old song or psalmody. 1887S. Colvin Keats v. 105 Wild wood-notes of Celtic imagination.
1611Bible Neh. x. 34 We cast the lots among the priests, the Leuites, and the people, for the *wood offering..to burne vpon the altar.
1816R. Jameson Syst. Min. I. 246 *Wood-Opal.
1800M. Koops Hist. Acc. Inv. Paper 88 The substance of the *Wood Paper on which these lines are printed.
1261Cal. Inquis. p. M. Hen. III (1904) 502, 2 d, *Wudepanies. 1570Levins Manip. 102/29 Wodpenie, betonica Pauli.
1713Petiver Aquat. Anim. Amboinæ Tab. 19/8 Pholas Lignorum..*Wood Peircer.
1802Bingley Anim. Biog. (1813) III. 279 The *Wood-Piercing Bee.
1552Huloet, *Woode pyle, strues. 1696Aubrey Misc. vi. 68 The Cook Maid, going to the Wood-pile to fetch Wood to dress Supper. 1699W. Dampier Voy. II. i. 107 They built a Town and fenced it round about with a kind of Wood-pile, or Wall of great Timber Trees. 1883‘Mark Twain’ Life on Mississippi xxi. 222 The seldomest spectacle on the Mississippi to-day is a wood-pile. 1936Metronome Feb. 61/2 Wood pile, xylophone. 1936W. Stevens Let. 13 May (1967) 311, I agree that there is something wrong in the woodpile. 1951Time 22 Oct. 69 Red Norvo kept salting his half-hour stands with such tunes as..he used to rap out on his ‘woodpile’ (xylophone) with Paul Whiteman's band 20 years ago. 1977‘J. D. White’ Salzburg Affair xvi. 139 He was the odd man out, the African in the woodpile.
1773Holme on Spaldingmoor Incl. Act 18 Banks, *Wood-Plants, Quicksets, or Fences. 1908[Eliz. Fowler] Betw. Trent & Ancholme 19 Wood-plants flourish about this border.
1672Cowel's Interpr., *Woodplea-Court, is a Court held twice in the year in the Forest of Clun in Con. Salop,..and perhaps was anciently the same with Woodmote-Court.
1521Cov. Leet Bk. 668 That no inhabitant..make eny gardeyn or *wodpleck with-in xlti fote [of the town wall].
1904Brit. Med. Jrnl. 17 Sept. 662 Leisha *wood post is on the bank of the river surrounded by forests.
1870in Boorde's Introd. Knowl. 99 *Wood⁓powder, Boorde's remedy for Excoriation. 1881Greener Gun 322 In combustion wood powder is far more rapid than black.
1816W. Y. Ottley Hist. Engraving I. 91 The very early *wood-prints of Germany. 1908Dublin Rev. July 216 The book is adorned with charming wood-prints.
1866Patents, Abridgm. Specif. Manuf. Paper ii. (1876) 427 Improvements in preparing..*wood pulp for the manufacture of paper.
1734in Acct. Progress Colony Georgia (1741) App. v. 51 [The French] have Five hundred Men in Pay, constantly employed as *Wood-Rangers, to keep their neighbouring Indians in Subjection. 1757[Burke] Europ. Settlem. Amer. vii. xxvii. II. 270 A company of wood rangers..to scour the country near our settlements. 1896Harper's Mag. XCII. 712/1 The white wood-rangers were as ruthless as their red foes. 1915W. B. Yeats Reveries (1916) 137, I could not sleep..from my fear of the wood-ranger.
1933Trop. Woods XXXVI. 3 *Wood ray or xylem ray, the part of a ray internal to the cambium. 1975Sci. Amer. July 102/2 Among the components of the cambium are what are called ray initials; the continuation of a ray initial down into the sapwood of a stem, a branch or a trunk is known as a wood ray.
1774T. West Antiq. Furness 109 These [iron forges] were destroyed..at the request of the customary tenants, who charged themselves with paying the rent of 20. l. by a rate which is now called *Woodrent or Bloomsmithy rent.
1821J. F. Cooper Spy (1831) vii. 81 The English captain took the advice of this mysterious being and finding a *wood-road..turned down its direction. 1891Century Mag. Apr. 921, I moved camp, following the wood-road to the summit. 1954C. Bruce Channel Shore 89 In early winters he and James had cut firewood there and hauled it out over the wood road he had swamped, and up the main road, home.
1926Rev. Appl. Mycol. V. 521 The winter draws attention to the misleading impression created by the use of the term ‘branch canker’ for two totally distinct types of injury: one caused by the attacks of such organisms as Macro⁓phoma theicola, and the other resulting from a *wood rot. 1931E. E. Hubert Outline of Forest Path. xi. 449 The classification of wood rots is largely based upon the colour changes produced in wood by fungi. The discolorations produced by wood-rot and sap-stain fungi..are responsible for a large part of the loss due to degrade in lumber. 1973C. Bonington Next Horizon viii. 128 The garden bounded by a high hedge with an old wooden seat, softened with age and wood-rot.
1918*Wood-rotting [see sap-rot s.v. sap n.1 7 a]. 1971P. H. B. Talbot Princ. Fungal Taxonomy i. 17 One can only conjecture how different the course of history might have been if the British fleet had not been laid low at times by the action of wood-rotting fungi.
1816Austin Papers (1924) I. 264, 1 *Wood Saw. 1884‘Mark Twain’ Huck. Finn vi. 39, I found an old rusty wood-saw without any handle.
1815North Amer. Rev. II. 143 Deaths by Violence... In New York Mr. John Wood, killed in the street by Patrick Hart, a *wood-sawyer, with a stick of wood. 1844Emerson New Eng. Reform. Wks. (Bohn) I. 260 The labour of the porter and wood-sawyer. 1891M. E. Wilkins New Eng. Nun 43 Matilda's antecedents had come of wood-sawyers and garden-laborers.
c1275Lay. 25859 Wola þat þe *wode-scaþe haueþ þe þus for-fare.
1733Tull Horse-hoeing Husb. xxiv. 402 What is meant by *Wood Screws, are taper Screws made with Iron, having very deep Threads, whereby they hold fast when screw'd into Wood. 1868Rep. to Govt. U.S. Munitions War 222 These plates..are attached to the ship's side by a plentiful supply of wood-screws, screwed into the timber backing.
1757R. Rogers Jrnls. (1769) 52 Volunteers in the regular troops, to be trained to the ranging, or *wood-service.
c1245in Lysons Environs Lond. (1796) IV. 131 [In this survey two payments are mentioned called] *wodeselver [and] averselver [a composition for labour]. 1355–6Abingdon Obedientiars Acc. (Camden) 5 De redditu de wodeseluer x li. iij s. 1510–11in Eyton Antiq. Shropsh. (1856) III. 325.
1825Waterton Wand. S. Amer. i. (1903) 32 There is neither curial nor canoe, nor purple-heart tree in the neighbourhood to make a *wood-skin to carry you over. 1904W. H. Hudson Green Mansions xxi. 289 Some compassionate voyager would let me share his *wood-skin. 1934E. Waugh Handful of Dust v. 287 The canoes were made of woodskin... They worked patiently but clumsily; one woodskin was split in getting it off the trunk. 1958J. Carew Wild Coast iii. 44 He had to fetch his woodskins from Honey Reef. 1966P. Sherlock West Indian Folk-Tales 37 Each morning the men of the tribe went out in their woodskin canoes.
166.Sir W. Petty in Sprat Hist. Roy. Soc. (1667) 296 In Cloth Dying *wood-soot is of good use. 1728Chambers Cycl. s.v. Dy(e)ing, Wood-soot, containing not only a colour, but a salt, needs nothing to..make it strike on the stuff. 1770Cook's Voy. round World iii. viii. (1773) 632 Of the colour of wood soot, or what is commonly called a chocolate colour.
1222–3in Dugdale Monast. Angl. (1825) V. 268/1 In curiis nostris..shiris, halemotis, et *wodespeches.
1796Kirwan Elem. Min. (ed. 2) I. 315 *Woodstone..is commonly..the substance of petrified wood. 1839Ure Dict. Arts 647 Hornstone occurs under three modifications; splintery hornstone, conchoidal hornstone, and woodstone.
1235–52Rentalia Glaston. (Som. Rec. Soc.) 83 Et debet habere *wdetale contra Natale, scil. unum truncum [etc.].
1857Miller Elem. Chem., Org. iv. §6. 198 Eupione, which Reichenbach obtained during the rectification of the products from *wood-tar.
1787Groschke tr. Klaproth's Observ. Fossils Cornw. 13 The most remarkable species of stream-tin is a tin-ore like haematites, or what is called *Wood-tin. 1855Leifchild Cornwall 201 The famous wood-tin, so called from the woody appearance of some of the pebbles, was formerly found in the Loth stream works in abundance.
1796Nelson 26 July in Nicolas Disp. (1845) II. 220 Not a *Wood-Vessel bound to Piombino would go out of the Port. 1883McNab Bot., Morphol. & Physiol. ii. 42 The xylem..consists..of three sets of cells, viz. the wood vessels, the wood prosenchyma, and the wood parenchyma.
1837L. Hebert Engin. & Mech. Encycl. II. 849 There are four principal kinds: namely, wine vinegar, malt vinegar, sugar vinegar, and *wood vinegar.
1235–52Rentalia Glaston. (Som. Rec. Soc.) 135 Et debet cariare bladum cum careta sua per j diem et debet auxiliari ad *wddewaste.
1279Liber Cust. (Rolls) 150 Qil serra lie au pilier qi estet en Tamise a *Wodehwarfe. 1594Norden Spec. Brit., Essex (Camden) 10 Places wher they take in wood,..wch places are called vpon the Thames, westward, haws or woodwharfes. a1700Evelyn Diary 5 Sept. 1666, The coale and wood wharfes. 1902Cornish Naturalist Thames 212 A tug was taking a couple of deal-loaded barges to a woodwharf.
1840Evid. Hull Docks Comm. 136, I propose what in the neighbourhood of Hull is called *wood-wharfing.
a1400Alphita (Anecd. Oxon.) 8 Ameos agreste, similis fraxinarie, anglice, *wodewhisgle [v.r. wodewhistle].
1876*Wood wind [see wind n.1 12 b]. 1901W. J. Henderson Orchestra 19 Next in importance to the strings is the wood⁓wind, which is divided into three families—flutes, oboes, and clarinets. 1922Joyce Ulysses 280 Double⁓basses, helpless, gashes in their sides. Woodwinds mooing cows. 1926Whiteman & McBride Jazz ix. 195 Musicians recognize four general classes of instruments in speaking of the orchestra—strings, wood winds, brasses, and the battery of traps. 1967T. Stoppard Rosencrantz & Guildenstern are Dead iii. 83 One of the sailors has pursed his lips against a woodwind. 1978Early Music July 333/2 Vivaldi had to rely on Austrian and German makers for the newer woodwinds.
1933P. Godfrey Back-Stage i. 19 *Wood-wings are lugged into position. 1974D. Smith Look back with Love xvi. 164 One of these quick-changes occurred during my first scene, and to cover it, I had..a short soliloquy, halfway through which a glance into the wood-wings showed me that our leading man was still three-quarters Lesurques when he should have been seven-eighths Dubosc.
1559Morwyng Evonymus 323 With a little *wode woul dipte therein rub the teethe. 1885[see wood-flour]. 1887Advance (Chicago) 7 July 431 In workshops, the wood-wool is even replacing cotton waste for cleaning machinery.
1867Morris Jason iii. 75 All who chanced to know The *woodwright's craft. 1883J. Parker Tyne Chylde 6 At a wood-wright's door, where I stood on a large block of old oak.
b. In names of animals, chiefly birds and insects: (i) that live in woods, as wood bee, wood fly, wood gnat, wood hornet, wood moth; esp. in designations of particular species or groups, as wood Argus (Argus 3), wood dormouse, wood fly, wood lady (lady n. 9), wood mite, wood rattlesnake, wood red-bird, wood sandpiper, wood swift (swift n.2 4), wood tattler, wood tiger (tiger n. 11), wood wagtail (see quots.); wood mouse, pewee, pie (n.1 3 b), swallow (n.1 2 b); (ii) that live, bore, or burrow in wood; e.g. in local names of species of woodpecker, as wood-jobber, wood-knacker, wood-tapper, and in wood-borer, -fretter, -piercer, -sawyer in 10; wood-ant, (a) a large ant, Formica rufa, living in woods; (b) a termite or white ant, which burrows in wood; wood baboon = drill n.3; wood-beetle, a wood-boring beetle; wood bison, wood buffalo, a variety of American bison (Bison bison athabascæ) found in the wooded parts of the west of Canada; wood-bug, an insect of the genus Pentatoma; wood-cat, † (a) a fanciful name for the hare; (b) a wild cat living in woods, spec. the S. American species Felis geoffroyi; wood-cracker dial., the nuthatch, Sitta cæsia; wood-cricket, a species of cricket found in woods, as Nemobius sylvestris; wood-culver = wood-pigeon; wood-deer = wood-goat; wood-digger, a West Indian insect (see quot.); wood-drake, the male of the wood-duck; wood-duck, a species of duck inhabiting woods, esp. the N. American summer duck, æx sponsa, and the Australian Bernicla jubata; wood-frog, a species of frog found in woods, as the N. American Rana sylvatica; wood-goat, a S. African species of antelope, Antilope sylvatica; wood-grouse, (a) the capercailye Tetrao urogallus (see grouse n.1 1); (b) the spotted Canada grouse, Canace (Dendragapus) canadensis, or allied species; wood grub, the larva of any of several wood-boring insects; † wood hog U.S., a variety of pig which feeds in woods; wood hoopoe, any of several birds of the genus Phœniculus (or the family Phœniculidæ), native to Africa and distinguished by blue and green plumage and a long tail; wood-ibis, a stork of the subfamily Tantalinæ, esp. Tantalus loculator, which inhabits wooded swamps in southern U.S.; a wood-stork; wood-kingfisher, a name for birds allied to the kingfisher, living in woods: = king-hunter (king n. 13 b); wood-leopard (moth), a species of spotted moth (Zeuzera pyrina), the larva of which bores into the wood of trees; = leopard-moth s.v. leopard 6 b; wood-owl, any species of owl living in woods, as the tawny or brown owl, Syrnium aluco; wood-partridge = wood-grouse; wood-pelican = wood-ibis; wood-pheasant, (a) = wood-grouse (a); (b) in Zanzibar (see quot. 1892); wood(s)-pussy N. Amer. colloq., a skunk; wood-quail, any bird of the genus Rollulus, of the Malay archipelago; wood-rabbit, the common rabbit of U.S., Lepus sylvaticus, also called cotton-tail; also, any rabbit living in a wood; wood-rat, any rat of the American genus Neotoma; wood-robin, a local name of the American wood-thrush; wood-shrike, (a) = woodchat; (b) an African shrike of the genus Prionops; wood-shrimp, a crustacean of the family Cheluridæ, as Chelura terebrans, which bores in submerged wood; wood-slave, a West Indian lizard of the species Mabouya; wood-snail, any species of snail inhabiting woods, esp. Helix nemoralis; wood-snake, a snake that lives in woods, as those of the family Dryophidæ; wood-snipe, -snite, names for the woodcock (British or American); wood-star, a name for several species of humming-birds, as those of the genus Calothorax and the Bahama sheartail, Doricha evelynæ; wood-stork = wood-ibis; wood-swine, a swine living in woods; spec. the bosch-vark, a ferocious wild swine of S. and E. Africa; wood-tantalus = wood-ibis; wood-thrush, (a) a species of thrush of the eastern U.S., Turdus (Hylocichla) mustelinus, noted for its beautiful coloration and sweet song; (b) a local name of the missel-thrush, T. viscivorus; wood-tick [tick n.1], a tick of the family Ixodidæ, found upon plants; wood-warbler, (a) the wood-wren, Phylloscopus sibilatrix; (b) a general name for the American warblers (warbler 2 b), esp. those of the genus Dendrœca; wood-wasp, (a) a wasp that lives in woods, as Vespa sylvestris; (b) a wasp that burrows in rotten wood, as some species of Crabronidæ, or a wasp-like insect whose larvæ bore in wood, as the horntails; wood-worm, an insect larva or other invertebrate, as the ship-worm (see Teredo), which bores in wood (also fig.); wood-wren, a species of warbler, Phylloscopus sibilatrix, or its congener the willow-wren, P. trochilus. See also woodcock, etc.
1709T. Robinson Vind. Mosaick Syst. 90 The *Wood-Ant feeds upon Leaves. 1781Phil. Trans. LXXI. 140 In the West Indies, [they are called] Wood Lice, Wood Ants, or White Ants. 1889Science-Gossip XXV. 33 Length of the wood-ant (F. rufa) three-eighths of an inch.
1781Pennant Hist. Quadrup. I. 176 *Wood Baboon... Inhabits Guinea.
1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xviii. xii. (Bodl. MS.), Some beþ feelde been and some beþ *wood been. 1609C. Butler Fem. Mon. H 5 b, The wood-pecker..doth more harme to wood-bees then garden-bees. 1836Southern Lit. Messenger II. 96 The wood-bee revels on their sweets. 1953A. Clarke Coll. Plays (1963) 344 The wood-bees court tangles of dew.
1795Winterbotham View U.S. IV. 413 *Wood-beetle, Leptura. 1825R. T. Gore Blumenbach's Nat. Hist. 190 Leptura..1. Aquatica... The Wood⁓beetle... On aquatic plants of all kinds. 1843Johnston in Proc. Berw. Nat. Club II. No. xi. 78 As thoroughly drilled as..a piece of wood that has been eaten with the maggot of the wood-beetles.
1895C. W. Whitney in Harper's Mag. Dec. 10/2 To hunt *wood-bison,..now become the rarest game in the world.
1892W. Pike Barren Ground N. Canada 143 These animals go by the name of *wood buffalo. 1897E. Coves New Light on Early Hist. Greater Northwest II. xviii. 622 They are the wood buffalo, more shy and wild than those on the plains. 1961W. P. Keller Canada's Wild Glory v. 274 One small pocket of pure wood buffalo persist in a remote corner of the area, and plans are afoot to establish new sanctuaries for these. 1972Wood buffalo [see plain(s) buffalo s.v. plain n.1 10].
1836Redding Hist. Mod. Wines iii. (ed. 2) 47 A nauseous odour..from a vast number of *wood bugs which had been..crushed in the [wine] press.
c1280Names of Hare in Rel. Ant. I. 133 The frendlese, the *wodecat. 1791J. Long Voyages 41 The country every where abounds with wild animals, particularly..otters, martins, minx, wood cats, racoons, [etc.]. 1892W. H. Hudson Nat. La Plata 15 It is called wood-cat, and..is an intruder from wooded districts north of the pampas. 1898S. Weyman Shrewsbury xxvi, Speak, you viper, and don't stand there glowering like a wood-cat!
1677Plot Oxfordsh. 175 A little Bird, somtimes seen, but oftner heard in the Park at Woodstock, from the noise that it makes, commonly called the *Wood-cracker.
1774Goldsmith Nat. Hist. VII. 350 The *wood-cricket is the most timorous animal in nature.
a1100Gloss. in Wr.-Wülcker 131/32 Palumbus, *wudeculfre. 1533Elyot Cast. Helthe (1541) 15 Meates and drynkes makynge good juyce... Wodde culvers. 1662J. Chandler Van Helmont's Oriat. 201 Mice, Dormice, and Swine do sooner perish with hunger, than they do eat of a Ring-Dove or Wood-Culver.
1812Plumtre Lichtenstein's S. Africa I. 194 Large animals, such as buffalos, *wood-deer (antilope sylvatica). 1838W. P. Hunter tr. Azara's Nat. Hist. Paraguay I. 145 Laborde says that his first species is called red deer and wood deer (Cierba roxa y cierba de Bosques) in Cayenne, being always met with in woods.
1756P. Browne Jamaica 433 The *Wood-Digger. This insect..digs frequently into soft places of timber, where it keeps a throbbing noise, not unlike our death-watches in Europe.
1801Shaw Gen. Zool. II. 166 *Wood Dormouse. Myoxus Dryas... It is said to be a native of Russia, Georgia, &c. inhabiting woods, &c.
1777*Wood duck [see Narragansett 2]. 1814A. Wilson Amer. Ornith. VIII. 97 Summer Duck, or Wood Duck. Anas sponsa. 1847Leichhardt Jrnl. v. 147 The wood-duck (Bernicla jubata) abounded on the larger water-holes. 1911C. E. W. Bean ‘Dreadnought’ of Darling vi. 57 Wood duck..are really not duck at all, but Queensland goose. 1980Outdoor Life (U.S.) (Northeast ed.) Oct. 80/1 Grain-fed mallards or pintails are superb table fare, as are wood ducks fattened on acorns.
1827Clare Sheph. Cal. 54 Green *wood-fly, and blossom-haunting bee. 1854A. Adams, etc. Man. Nat. Hist. 258 Wood-Flies (Platypezidæ).
1698M. Lister Journ. Paris 73 Very large *Wood-Frog, with the extremity of the Toes webbed. 1895F. A. Swettenham Malay Sketches 288 The fitful and plaintive croak of a wood-frog.
1882Cassell's Nat. Hist. VI. 77 The *Wood Gnat (Culex nemorosus) frequents woods and does not come into houses.
1785G. Forster tr. Sparrman's Voy. Cape Gd. Hope vii. I. 276 This *wood-goat, or, as it is called, bosch-bok.
1776Pennant Brit. Zool. (ed. 4) I. 223 *Wood Grous... It inhabits wooded and mountanous countries. 1838T. Need Six Years in Bush iv. 30 And the woods with partridges, wood-grouse, black squirrels and occasionally a turkey. a1861T. Winthrop John Brent (1862) xxii. 245 The brace of wood grouse he had shot that morning. 1917T. G. Pearson Birds Amer. II. 14 Hudsonian Spruce Partridge. Canachites canadensis canadensis... Wood Grouse; Wood Partridge.
1956Numbers (Wellington, N.Z.) May 8 The rotten wood..split lengthwise and fell apart, baring the wet sawdust tunnels of *woodgrubs. 1964R. Braddon Year Angry Rabbit (1967) xx. 158 Her husband fed their child with a wriggling wood grub.
1805R. Parkinson Tour in Amer. 290 The real American hog is what is termed a *wood-hog: they are long in the leg, narrow on the back, [etc.]. 1840Cultivator VII. 81 The next fall, mast was plenty, and ‘wood hogs’ were fat.
1908Haagner & Ivy Sk. S. Afr. Bird-Life 26 The *Wood Hoopoes..are represented in South Africa by two well-marked species. 1953R. Campbell Mamba's Precipice xi. 115 A whole flock of wood-hoopoes with scarlet beaks and silk-shot, glossy, green and purple feathers were raising the most amazing din in the tree. 1964A. L. Thomson New Dict. Birds 894/2 The wood-hoopoes..are very unlike the true hoopoes in general appearance.
1658Rowland tr. Moufet's Theat. Ins. 928 The *wood or wilde Hornet (saith Pliny) live in hollow trees all the winter.
1785Latham Gen. Syn. Birds V. 104 *Wood Ibis{ddd}found in Carolina, and in various parts of South America. 1875–84Layard's Birds S. Afr. 735 Pseudo⁓tantalus ibis. African Wood-Ibis.
1819*Wood leopard-moth [see leopard 6 b]. 1856Knight's Eng. Cycl., Nat. Hist. IV. 1276 Zeuzera æsculi, the Wood-Leopard, is a rare species, of a white colour, with numerous steel-blue spots.
1854A. Adams, etc. Man. Nat. Hist. 277 *Wood-Mites (Orbitidæ).
a1678Marvell Appleton Ho. 542 The hewel..Doth from the bark the *wood⁓moths glean. 1916A. Huxley Burning Wheel 24 Mottled and grey and brown they pass, The wood-moths, wheeling, fluttering.
1601Holland Pliny xxx. viii. II. 384 If the seat be galled, it is thought that the ashes of the *wood-Mouse tempered with honey, cureth the same. 1834M. Howitt in Tait's Mag. I. 445/2, I saw a little Wood⁓mouse..Sit under a mushroom tall.
1809Shaw Gen. Zool. VII. 253 *Wood Owl... As the bird seems to be the only British species..more particularly found in woody than in other situations, the title of Wood Owl seems best adapted to its nature.
1772Phil. Trans. LXII. 389 *Woodpartridge. 1830Galt Lawrie T. viii. v. (1849) 370, I heard the wood⁓partridge drumming on a neighbouring tree.
1754Catesby Carolina I. pl. 81 Pelicanus Sylvaticus. The *Wood Pelican.
1810A. Wilson Amer. Ornith. II. 81 *Wood Pewee Fly-catcher. Muscicapa rapax.
1705tr. Sir J. Ware's Antiq. Irel. vii. 20 The Cock of the Wood, which Giraldus Cambrensis calls the *Wood Pheasant. 1892Pall Mall Gaz. 12 Nov. 3/1 What is called the ‘wood⁓pheasant’ is a big long-tailed bush cuckoo.
1899F. D. Bergen Anim & Plant Lore 61 *Wood pussy, skunk. 1950Chicago Daily News 16 Feb. 5/1 Miss Bennett paid $35 for the deodorized house-broken wood pussy. 1972Islander (Victoria, B.C.) 18 June 9/2 You would never have known that said woods pussy had met its doom and left so many ‘scents’ behind in its will.
1891Cent. Dict. s.v. Rollulus, The red-crested *wood-quail is R. cristatus or roulroul.
Ibid., *Wood-rabbit. 1902Cornish Naturalist Thames 73 These wood-rabbits differ in their way of life from those in the open warren outside.
1766J. Bartram Jrnl. 10 Jan. 30 We found a great nest of a *wood⁓rat, built of long pieces of dry sticks. 1879W. L. Lindsay Mind in Lower Animals II. xi. 151 The Californian wood⁓rat.
1802Shaw Gen. Zool. III. 335 *Wood Rattle-Snake. Crotalus Dryinas.
1805Mitchell & Miller Med. Repos. 122 Fire-bird or *wood red-bird with blue wings.
1808A. Wilson Amer. Ornith. I. 29 Wood Thrush. Turdus melodus... It is called by some the *Wood Robin. 1882Garden 11 Nov. 425/1 The chief bird friend and companion of the wanderer in the New Zealand bush is the wood robin.
1784Pennant Arctic Zool. II. 482 *Wood..Sandpiper... Tringa Glareola... Inhabits the moist woods of Sweden. 1824[see sandpiper 1].
1875–84Layard's Birds S. Afr. 401 Bradyornis mariquensis. Mariqua *Wood-Shrike.
1725Sloane Jamaica II. 185, I saw one of these Spiders eat a small lizard call'd a *Wood-slave. 1864N. Brit. Rev. Dec. 404 The baleful race of woodslave and slippery-back, those hideous brown and yellow lizards of the West Indies.
1831Audubon Ornith. Biog. I. 19 They now and then descend..to pick up a *wood-snail or a beetle. 1865Gosse Land & Sea (1874) 118 The pretty banded wood-snail (Helix nemoralis).
1585Higins Junius' Nomencl. 75/2 Coluber,..a landsnake or *woodsnake.
1887St. James's Gaz. 14 Mar. 6/1 It would seem that in times past the ‘*woodsnipe’ was considered a stupid bird.
c1050Voc. in Wr.-Wülcker 363/27 Cardiolus, *wudusnite. 1655Moufet & Bennet Health's Improv. xi. 96 There is a kind of Wood-Snite in Devonshire, greater than the common Snite.
1859–62Sir J. Richardson, etc. Mus. Nat. Hist. (1868) I. 311 The Short-tailed *Woodstar (Calothorax macrurus)..is one of the most diminutive even in the family of dwarfs, measuring rather less than two inches and a half in length.
1884Coues N. Amer. Birds (ed. 2) 653 American *Wood Stork.
1854A. Adams, etc. Man. Nat. Hist. 37 *Wood-Swallows (Artamidæ).
1869E. Newman Brit. Moths 19 The *Wood Swift (Hepialus sylvinus).
c1480Henryson Trial of Fox 894 The Uild *wod Swyne. 1785G. Forster tr. Sparrman's Voy. Cape Gd. Hope x. II. 23, I saw..a herd of bosch-varkens, or, as they are likewise called, wilde-varkens, (wood-swine, or wild-swine). 1834[see bosch-vark s.v. bosch1].
1824Stephens in Shaw Gen. Zool. XII. 3 *Wood Tantalus. (Tantalus loculator.)
1852Macgillivray Brit. Birds IV. 346 Totanus Glareola. *Wood Tatler.
1791W. Bartram Trav. N. & S. Carolina (1792) 179 The shrill tuneful songs of the *wood-thrush! 1817Stephens in Shaw Gen. Zool. X. 179 Wood Thrush. (Turdus melodes.) 1841W. C. Bryant Earth's Children 11 Wks. 44 Dark maples where the wood-thrush sings.
1668Charleton Onomast. 49 Ricinus..the *Wood Teek, or, Dogs Teek. 1819D. B. Warden Acc. United States II. 180 The wood tick..resembles a bug, and lives upon trees and rushes.
1869E. Newman Brit. Moths 32 The *Wood Tiger..(Chelonia Plantaginis).
1868J. Burroughs Wake-robin v. (1884) 207 The well-known golden-crowned thrush (Sciurus aurocapillus) or *wood-wagtail. 1868[see wagtail 2 a].
1817Stephens in Shaw Gen. Zool. X. 748 *Wood Warbler. (Sylvia Sylvicola.)
1868Rep. U.S. Comm. Agric. (1869) 310 The *wood-wasps..are often seen resting on leaves in the sunshine. 1871Staveley Brit. Insects 203 The second division of the predaceous stinging Hymenoptera, known as Fossores or diggers, consists of the Sand-wasps and Wood-wasps. 1895Rider Haggard Heart of World x. (1899) 135 Tiny grey flies, wood-wasps, and ants..tormented us with their bites and stings.
1540Septem Ling. Dict. D vj, Teredo..a *woodworme. 1607B. Barnes Divils Charter (ed. McKerrow) 1376 Now skelder yee scounderels,..you wood⁓wormes. 1725Swift Wood an Insect 17 An Insect we call a Wood-Worm, That lies in old Wood like a Hare in her Form. 1855Browning Mesmerism 7 At night, when..the wood-worm picks, And the death-watch ticks.
1792T. Lamb in Trans. Linnean Soc. (1794) II. 245 A New Species of Warbler, called the *Wood Wren... It..comes with the rest of the summer warblers. 1839Macgillivray Brit. Birds II. 371 Phyllopneuste Trochilus. The Willow Woodwren.
c. In names of plants or their products (usually designating particular species) growing in woods, as wood calamint, wood fern, wood germander, wood horsetail, wood hyacinth, wood liverwort, wood pea, wood pimpernel, wood rasp, wood reed, wood rose, wood sedge, wood violet, etc. (see quots. and calamint, etc.); wood-almond, a West Indian shrub, Hippocratea comosa, producing edible seeds like almonds; wood-anemone, the common wild anemone, A. nemorosa, abundant in woods, and blossoming in early spring; also applied to other species; wood-apple, (a) a wild apple, crab-apple; (b) the fruit of Feronia elephantum, an East Indian gum-yielding tree allied to the orange, or the tree itself; also called elephant-apple; wood betony, (a) the common betony, Stachys Betonica; (b) N. Amer., a kind of lousewort, Pedicularis canadensis; wood crab = wood-apple (a); wood cranesbill, Geranium sylvaticum, a wild species with light purple flowers; wood-grass, any species of grass growing in woods; wood-lily, † (a) ? the meadow-saffron, Colchicum autumnale; (b) the lily-of-the-valley, Convallaria majalis; (c) the common winter-green, Pyrola minor; (d) any plant of the N. American genus Trillium, grown in the U.K. as a spring-flowering perennial; † wood-march [OE. wudumerce: see march n.1], the common or wood sanicle, Sanicula europæa; † wood-mint, pennyroyal, Mentha Pulegium; † wood-nep [nep n.1 or n.2], see quots.; wood nut (tree), the hazel, Corylus avellana; wood sanicle: see sanicle 1; wood-spurge, a species of spurge, Euphorbia amygdaloides, with greenish-yellow flowers; wood strawberry, the common wild strawberry, Fragaria vesca; wood-vetch, any species of vetch growing in woods, esp. Vicia sylvatica, with pink or white flowers streaked with purple; wood-vine, (a) the bryony, Bryonia dioica; (b) yellow wood-vine, a species of mulberry, Morus Calcar-galli. See also main words.
1657W. Coles Adam in Eden ccxci, The *Wood Anemone or Wind-flower. 1816–20T. Green Univ. Herbal I. 100 Anemone Ranunculoides; Yellow Wood Anemone.
c1000Sax. Leechd. II. 190 Ᵹesodene *wudu æpla. 1430in Engl. Hist. Rev. (1899) July 514 Ooke, esshe, holyn, wodapiltre and crabtre. 1858Simmonds Dict. Trade, Vellanga, Yelanga, vernacular Indian names for the wood-apple, Feronia Elephantum.
1859Miss Pratt Brit. Grasses 121 Hordeum sylvaticum (Lyme-grass, or *Wood Barley).
1657S. Purchas Pol. Flying-Ins. i. xv. 92 Bees gather not of flowers which have deep sockets, as..*Wood-bettony. 1747Wesley Prim. Physick (1762) 117 Apply Wood Betony bruised. 1886Harper's Mag. Dec. 99/1 The wood-betony, it is called—to select its worthier title—a common early flower of our woods. 1976Hortus Third (L. H. Bailey Hortorium) 832/1 Wood betony. Pubescent per., to 1½ ft... Spring. Que. to Fla., W. To Tex. and n. Mex.
1712J. James tr. Le Blond's Gardening 152 The Box proper for planting Palisades, is the *Wood-Box.
14..Nom. in Wr.-Wülcker 715/38 Hec arbitus, *wodcrabtre. 1483Cath. Angl. 423/1 A Wodde crab, acroma. 1525Grete Herbal cclxxxiii. (1529) Q ij, Wood crabbes, or wyldynges.
1796Withering Brit. Plants (ed. 3) III. 602 Geranium batrachoides alterum... *Wood Cranesbill. 1863Baring-Gould Iceland 214 A hill purpled with wood cranesbill.
1884Miller Plant-n., Aspidium nevadense, Nevada *Wood⁓fern. Ibid., Polypodium vulgare, Adder's Fern, Common Polypody,..Wood Fern.
1844Whittier Pumpkin 26 When *wood-grapes were purpling.
1597Gerarde Herbal i. vi. 7 *Wood grasse hath many thicke and threadie rootes. Ibid. 8 Gramen sylvaticum..is called in our toong Wood grasse or Shadow grasse. 1882Proc. Berw. Nat. Club IX. No. iii. 475 Listera ovata was plentiful, as well as Calamintha Clinopodium, and several wood-grasses.
1597Gerarde Herbal ii. ccccxlii. 957 *Wood Horse taile.
1871Ruskin Fors Clav. vi. 7 The *wood-hyacinth is the best English representative of the tribe of flowers which the Greeks called ‘Asphodel’.
a1400Stockholm Med. MS. ii. 517 in Anglia XVIII. 320 *Wode⁓lilie with..Blo purpre flowres, no lefe on stele. 1579Langham Gard. Health 679 Wood⁓lillie, or Lillie conuaile. 1882Garden 20 May 352/1 The Virginian Cowslip..attains true development in semi-shady spots..and so does the large white Wood Lily. 1884Miller Plant-n., Pyrola minor, Common Winter-green, Wood Lily. Ibid., Trillium, American Wood-lily.
c1000Sax. Leechd. II. 22 Ᵹenim..*wudumerce. c1265Voc. Plants in Wr.-Wülcker 554/8 Saniculum, i. sanicle, i. wudemerch. a1387Sinon. Barthol. (Anecd. Oxon.) 38 Sanicula, i. wode⁓merche. 1597Gerarde Herbal Suppl., Wood March is Sanickle.
c1265Voc. Plants in Wr.-Wülcker 557/20 Origanum, i. puliol real, i. *wde-minte.
1525Grete Herbal xlviii. (1529) C v b, Ameos, *woodnep, or penywort. 1599Gerarde Catal. in horto 19 Sison. Wood Nep.
1597― Herbal ii. lviii. 279 The later Herbarists haue named this plant Dulcamara, Amarodulcis, and Amaradulcis..we call it Bitter sweete, and *Woodnightshade. 1578*Wood Nut tree [see hazel1 1].
1634T. Johnson Merc. Bot. 24 Astragalus sylvaticus. *Wood-pease, or Heath-pease.
1820Hogg Tales, Bridal of Polmood (1836) II. 82 Gathering *wood-rasps for a delicate preserve.
1816–20T. Green Univ. Herbal I. 129 Arundo Calamagrostis. *Wood Reed-grass.
c1000Sax. Leechd. II. 90 Ᵹenim *wudu rosan. 1614Markham Cheap Husb. Table Hard Words, Woodrose or wilde-Eglantine. 1705tr. Cowley's Plants Wks. 1711 III. 363 Nought by Experience than the Wood-Rose found, Better to cure a mad Dog's poisonous Wound.
1597Gerarde Herbal i. xvi. 20 *Wood Rushie grasse.
1793J. Sowerby Eng. Bot. II. 98 (table) Sanicula europæa *Wood Sanicle... Common enough in woods, growing among dead leaves of trees. 1857A. Pratt Flowering Plants & Ferns III. 12 S[anicula] Europæa (Wood Sanicle). 1961R. W. Butcher New Illustr. Brit. Flora I. 816 The Wood Sanicle is a perennial plant with erect, ribbed stems.
1816–20T. Green Univ. Herbal I. 256 Carex Sylvatica; *Wood Sedge.
1597Gerarde Herbal ii. cxxxii. 403 Sweete *wood Spurge... Vnsauorie wood Spurge. 1707Curios. Husb. & Gard. 154 Spurges of Different Kinds..the Wood-Spurge, the Cipress-Spurge, and the Mirtle-Spurge. a1869Rossetti Songs, Woodspurge 12 Among those few..The woodspurge flowered, three cups in one.
1731Miller Gard. Dict., Fragaria vulgaris. Common or *Wood-Strawberry.
1766Complete Farmer s.v. Pulse 6 G 1/2 Dr. Lister..recommends for the improvement of sandy, light ground,..all plants of the..pea kind, and particularly..the *wood vetch. 1813Scott Rokeby iv. ii, Where profuse the wood-vetch clings Round ash and elm,..Its pale and azure-pencill'd flower Should canopy Titania's bower.
1861Miss Pratt Flower. Pl. II. 312 This Bryony is commonly called also Wild Vine, or *Wood-vine. 1866Treas. Bot. s.v., Woodvine, Yellow, Morus calcar galli.
d. pl. used attrib. in senses 2 or 3, as woods boss N. Amer. Lumbering, a foreman in charge of lumberjacks; woods colt U.S. colloq., a horse of unknown paternity; also, a foundling; an illegitimate child.
1928C. Perry Two Reds of Travoy 44 ‘He's a scrapper from way back. Sort of a bully in the village, I guess.’ ‘Derosier's woods boss,’ breathed Gwen. 1946K. Tennant Lost Haven (1947) xiv. 231 Alec strolled ashore to talk with the ‘woods boss’. 1970Islander (Victoria B.C.) 17 May 6/3 Pete Haramboure became manager and his son, John, woods boss.
1895Dialect Notes I. 395 Woods colt, foundling, Winchester, Ky. 1903Ibid. II. 337 Woods colt, a horse of unknown paternity. Also applied to a person of illegitimate birth. 1913[see outsider 1 c]. 1959W. Faulkner Mansion i. 4 Will Varner was going to have to marry her off..quick, if he didn't want a woods colt in his back yard next grass.
▸ slang (orig. Brit.). The penis; (now usually) an erection (chiefly in to get wood).
1985B. McConville & J. Shearlaw Slanguage of Sex 278/1 Wood, the penis, especially if erect. First used by male blacks in the UK (from the 50s onwards). 1994Top Ten in alt.supermodels (Usenet newsgroup) 9 Feb. Long legs and an athletic body, I'm getting wood thinking about her! 1996Guardian (Nexis) 21 Mar. 17 Will..[he] be able to get it up or, to use the porn industry term, ‘get wood’? 2003R. Herring Talking Cock 156 The first inkling of what really causes men to get wood came in 1863 when Conrad Eckhard attached an electric current to nerves in the sacral spinal cord of a dog.
▪ II. wood, a. (n.2, adv.) Obs. exc. dial. or rare arch.
Forms: 1–6 (9 Sc.) wod, 3–7 (9 arch.) wode, (4 Sc. vode), 4–5 woed, 4–6 woode, woud(e, wodde, (5 ode, oothe, Sc. woide, void, 5–7 Sc. woid), 6 wodd, (oode, wyd, Sc. vod, wuid), 6–7 woodde, (6, 9 Sc. wid, 7 would, 8– Sc. and dial. wud), 4– wood.
[OE. wód = OHG. wuot (in ferwuot raging, frantic), ON. óðr, Goth. wôd-, *wōþs possessed (cf. OHG., MHG. wuot, G. wut rage); f. Teut. wōð - (to which belong also OE. wóþ song, sound, ON. óðr poetry, and woden):—Indo-Eur. wāt-, represented by L. vātēs seer, poet, OIr. fáith poet, W. gwawd song of praise, the fundamental meaning being ‘to be excited or inspired’. From the mutated stem are OE. wéde mad, wédan wede v., wéden in wedenonfa', widdendream. The form oothe is from Scand. Compounds are brain-wood, red-wood a.]
1. Out of one's mind, insane, lunatic: = mad a. 1.
c725Corpus Gloss. (Hessels) E 249 Epilenticus, woda. c1000Ags. Gosp. John x. 21 Ne synt na þis wodes mannes word. c1200Ormin 15506 He draf ut off wode menn Defless. 1303R. Brunne Handl. Synne 11026 A wode man touched on hys bere,..And a-none he hadde botenyng. c1350Will. Palerne 554 Ȝif i told him treuli my tene..He wold wene i were wod. c1430Hymns Virgin (1867) 46 Woode men, he ȝeueþ hem þer mynde, And makiþ mesels hool. c1440York Myst. xi. 334 His folke sall no ferre Yf he go welland woode. c1440Promp. Parv. 372/2 Oothe, or woode, amens. 1540R. Hyrde tr. Vives' Instr. Chr. Wom. (1592) G, They bee bitten of the wood dog the devil, & be fallen wood themselves. 1572Satir. Poems Reform. xxxviii. 101 Anis wod and ay the war. 1590Spenser F.Q. i. iv. 34 Through vnaduized rashnesse woxen wood. 1609Skene Reg. Maj. 82 b, Gif any man is Lunatick, woodde, or furious, with space of manifest wit and judgement betwix ilk time. 1627J. Taylor (Water P.) Armado D 1 b, In the North parts of England,..when they thinke that a man is distracted or frenzy, they will say the man is Wood. 1724Ramsay Tea-t. Misc. (1733) I. 86 The wife was wood, and out o' her wit. c1730― Betty & Kate iv, That's like to put us wood. 1816Scott Old Mort. xxxvii, Some folk say, that pride and anger hae driven him clean wud. 1828Craven Gloss., Wood, mad, rhyming with food. This word is rarely used. 1843Lytton Last Bar. i. ix, Am I dement? Stark wode?
b. Of a dog or other beast: Rabid: = mad a. 6.
c1000Sax. Leechd. I. 4 Wið woden hundes slite. 1398Trevisa Barth. De P.R. xii. iv. (Tollem. MS.), [Honey] heleþ þe bitynge of a wood hounde. 1481Caxton Reynard xviii. (Arb.) 44 Ye sawe neuer wood dogges do more harme. 1549Compl. Scot. vi. 57 Quhen it [sc. the dog-star] ringis in our hemispere, than dogis ar in dangeir to ryn vod. 1551Turner Herbal i. B v, Garlyke..is good agaynst the bitinges of madd or weod beastes. 1608Melrose Regality Rec. (S.H.S. 1914) 60 Scho [sc. a mare] ran woid and drouneit hirself in Tueid. 1610Fletcher Faithf. Sheph. ii, Bitten by a wood-Dogs venom'd tooth. 1733Culross Town Rec. (MS.), There has been some wood dogs going through the town. 1856G. Henderson Pop. Rhymes 58 The bull ran wud. a1869Spence Braes of Carse (1898) 181 The dog ran wud that barkit at her.
c. In phr. of comparison, often expressing fury or violence (cf. 3): e.g. as (if) he (etc.) were wood; as wood or like wood (cf. mad a. 1 c).
c1220Bestiary 338 We brennen in mod, And wurðen so we weren wod. c1300Havelok 508 Starinde als he were wod. 1340Ayenb. 140 Hi yerneþ hi lheapeþ ase wode. c1420Chron. Vilod. 3859 He cryedde & rorede as þaw he were wode. a1450Knt. de la Tour xxviii, They..beganne to crye lyke wode folke. c1460Play Sacram. 403 in Non-Cycle Myst. Plays (1909) 70 Yt bledyth as yt were woode, I wys. a1510Douglas K. Hart i. 224 Thai preik, thai prance, as princis that war woude. 1568T. Howell Newe Sonets (1879) 121 From me he fled as woode. 1591Shakes. Two Gent. ii. iii. 30 Like a would-woman. 1647H. More Song of Soul i. ii. xciii, Thou..rav'st as thou wert wood. 1721Ramsay To Earl Dalhousie 13 Some like to..gar the Courser rin like wood.
d. With qualification, as half, near (nigh), worse than, etc., the combined phrase becoming virtually equivalent to one of the derived senses below.
1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 3840 He was ney uor wraþþe wod. c1350Will. Palerne 36 He gan to berke on þat barn..Þat it wax neiȝ of his witt wod for fere. 14..Childh. Jesus 133 in Horstm. Altengl. Leg. (1878) 113 Frawdys was wroþ e & nydel ode [v.r. nerehande wode]. c1440Gesta Rom. xxvi. 99 Þe knight was halfe woode for wo. c1470Henry Wallace vi. 418 In propyr ire he wox ner wode for teyne.
2. Going beyond all reasonable bounds; utterly senseless; extremely rash or reckless, wild; vehemently excited: = mad a. 2, 4, 7.
c900ælfred Solil. August. (1922) 25 Hwa is swa wod þæt he dyrre cweðan þæt God ne se æce? c1205Lay. 1714 Swa wod he was to fehte. a1225Ancr. R. 120 Þet tu schalt demen þi suluen wod, þo þu þer touward þouhtest. 1340Hampole Pr. Consc. 99 Þat man may be halden wode, Þat cheses þe ille and leves þe gude. a1366Chaucer Rom. Rose 203 Coueitise is euere wode, To gripen other folkis gode. 1390Gower Conf. I. 164 Aweie he fledde..As he that was for love wod. c1400Pride of Life 499 in Non-Cycle Myst. Plays 104 Be he so hardy or so wode In his londe to aryue, He wol se his herte blode. c1430Lydg. Min. Poems (Percy Soc.) 76 A woode wisdom, and a wise woodenesse. 1435Misyn Fire of Love ii. viii. 89 Wode luste, made lufe. 1509Barclay Shyp of Folys (1874) I. 116 Whiche of theyr myndes ar so blynde and wode And so reted in theyr errour and foly. 1579Spenser Sheph. Cal. Mar. 55 Thelf was so wanton and so wood. 1584Mirr. Mag. 26 b, Incontinent desire maketh him wood of their societie. 1617Collins Def. Bp. Ely ii. x. 413 Vnles you wil be so wood now, as to adde brutish Ubiquitisme, to your barbarous Cyclopisme. a1708T. Ward Eng. Ref. 14 What sees he in her, he's so wood for? 1818Scott Rob Roy xiv, The folk in Lunnun are a' clean wud about this bit job. 1895Crockett Men of Moss-Hags liv. 382 The lassie's gane wud! There's nae reason in her.
¶b. Used inaccurately to render L. furialis.
1387Trevisa Higden (Rolls) I. 197 In þat lond is a lake wonderful and wood [L. furialis], for who þat drynkeþ þerof he schal brenne in woodnesse of leccherie.
3. a. Extremely fierce or violent, ferocious; irascible, passionate.
a1225Ancr. R. 66 Monie cumeð..ischrud mid lombes fleose, & beoð wode wulues. 1340Hampole Pr. Consc. 2224 Als wode lyons þai sal þan fare. 1435Misyn Fire of Love ii. viii. 89 A scheep cled in foxis skyn, & a dowe wodar þen any wode best. c1480Henryson Cock & Fox 195 A nyce proud man, void and vaneglorious. 1538Starkey England (1878) 12 Ther ys no best..so wyld, oode, or cruel, but to man by wysdom he ys subduyd. 1556Lauder Tractate of Kyngis 286 Ȝe sulde nocht chuse vnto that cure Ane Vinolent nor wod Pasture. 1590P. Barrough Meth. Phisick i. xxvii. (1596) 44 They that haue this disease [sc. mania] be wood & vnruly like wilde beasts. 1747Upton New Canto Spenser's F.Q. xxvi, Guileful Dissimulation, and pale Fear, And Discord wood.
b. Violently angry or irritated; enraged, furious.
c1205Lay. 2189 Humber wes swa swiðe wod for al þat lond on him stod. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 5979 Suan..þo he hurde of þis cas Made him wroþ & wod ynou. c1380Wyclif Wks. (1880) 25 Þei..ben wode ȝif men speken treuly aȝenst here cursed synnes. 1422Yonge tr. Secr. Secr. 229 Tho that haue a brandynge colure like the lye of fyre, lightly wexen woode. 1481Caxton Godfrey lxvii. 112 The grete stedes..becam alle araged and wood for thurst. a1540Barnes Wks. (1573) 282 Y⊇ more it is preached the more they grudge, and the woodder bee they. a1578Lindesay (Pitscottie) Chron. Scot. (S.T.S.) I. 146 To quhome scho turnit about witht ane wode and furieous contienance. 1590Shakes. Mids. N. ii. i. 192 Heere am I, and wood within this wood, Because I cannot meet my Hermia. 1654Gayton Pleas. Notes iv. xix. 267 Be not thou wood too, nor a jot inraged. 1682Shadwell Lanc. Witches i, Pray now do not say ought to my Lady, by th' Mass who'l be e'en stark wood an who hears on't. 1786Burns Sc. Drink xiii, When neebors anger at a plea, An' just as wud as wud can be. 1816Scott Old Mort. xlii, Now he's anes wud and aye waur, and roars for revenge. 1858Kingsley Red King 23 King William sterte up wroth and wood.
c. transf. of rage, pain, etc. (Cf. mad a. 5.)
1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 4415 In is wod rage he wende Vor to awreke is vncle deþ. c1374Chaucer Boeth. iii. met. ii. (1868) 68 Þe woode wraþþes of hem. 1390Gower Conf. I. 287 In this wilde wode peine. a1400–50Wars Alex. 1168 Þar is na wa in þe werd to þe wode hunger. c1500Lancelot 2695 Thar was the batell furyous and woud. 1607J. Carpenter Plaine Mans Plough 193 To execute..against them (in his wood furie) whatsoever he listeth.
d. fig. of inanimate things, as the sea, wind, fire: Violently agitated; ‘furious’, ‘raging’. (Cf. mad a. 7 b.)
c1100O.E. Chron. an. 1075 (MS. D) Seo wode sæ & se stranga wind hi on þæt land awearp. c1320Sir Tristr. 371 Þe wawes were so wode Wiþ winde. c1386Chaucer Miller's T. 331 A reyn..so wilde and wood That half so greet was neuere Noees flood. c1400St. Alexius (Laud 622) 593 Wynde aroos wiþ wood rage. 1477Norton Ord. Alch. vi. in Ashm. (1652) 98 Flames brenning fierce and woode. 1490Caxton Eneydos x. 39 Temppestes horrible of the woode see. a1510Douglas K. Hart i. 75 About the wall thair ran ane water void, Blak, stinkand, sowr, and salt as is the sey. 1593Queen Elizabeth Boeth. i. met. iv. 7 Wood Vesevus..that burstz out his smoky fires.
†B. quasi-n. (a) madness; (b) in phr. for wood (see for- prefix1 10), ‘like mad’, madly, furiously.
c1275xi Pains of Hell 48 in O.E. Misc. 148 Snaken and neddren stingeþ for wod. 1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 6201 Þeruore hii flowe vor wod. a1366Chaucer Rom. Rose 276 She..hath such wo, whan folk doth good, That nygh she meltith for pure wood. c1384― H. Fame iii. 657 Lat vs.. seme..That wommen louen vs for wode. 1390Gower Conf. I. 286 Betwen the wawe of wod and wroth Into his dowhtres chambre he goth. c1430Syr Gener. (Roxb.) 5777 Out of witt he was for wode.
†C. adv. Madly, frantically, furiously (chiefly in wod wroth). Obs.
1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 6109 Þe king knout wiþ hom was þo so wod wroþ. c1380Wyclif Wks. (1880) 5 Ȝif þei..haten and ben woode wroþ with men þat trewly dispisen synne. c1425Engl. Conq. Irel. xxxviii. 94 The knyght..bytwene twe perylle: on on halue, þe wode-yernynge watyr so grysly; on other halue, hys fomen. c1430Syr Gener. (Roxb.) 4913 The king of kinges quooke woode That any shuld be hold..bettre than him self were. a1513Fabyan Chron. vii. (1811) 515 The more the Kynge spake for the Englysshe men, the more woder were they dysposyd agayne them. 1513Douglas æneis xii. vii. 9 Wod wroth he worthis, for dysdene and dyspyte That he ne mycht his feris succur. 1535Coverdale Hosea vii. 5 They begynne to be woode droncken thorow wyne. 1569Blague Sch. Conceytes 94 The pacient hearing this..was wood angrie, and commaunded all y⊇ Phisitians to be put out of doores. 1601Dent Pathw. Heaven (1831) 142 They are so extraordinarily enamoured..and are so wood-mad of it, that they will have it.
D. Comb.: † wood-like a. = woodly a.; † woodsek [sick a.], mad. See also woodman2.
1578T. Proctor Gorg. Gallery O iv b, Wherwith distrest with *woodlike rage, the[se] words he out abrade.
c890Wærferth tr. Gregory's Dial. (1900) 135 Þa wæs ᵹelæded se *wodseoca [v.r. wedendseoca] man to..Benedicte. 14..in Wr.-Wülcker 595/25 Meger, wode sek.
▪ III. † wood, v.1 Obs.
Also 4–5 wode.
[f. prec.]
intr. To go mad; to rave, rage (also fig.).
c1374Chaucer Boeth. iv. met. iii. (1868) 123 Þouȝ þei ne anoye nat þe body, ȝitte vices wooden to distroien men by wounde of þouȝt. c1386― Sec. Nun's T. 467 He stareth and he woodeth in his Aduertence. 1390Gower Conf. I. 282 Whan I ne may my ladi se, The more I am redy to wraththe,..I wode as doth the wylde Se. c1430Pilgr. Lyf Manhode i. cxvi. (1869) 61 Deth is a beste so wylde that who so seeth it he woodeth. c1440Ipomydon 1144 The kynge..began to wode, That his knyghtes bore downe were.
▪ IV. wood, v.2|wʊd|
[f. wood n.1 (Cf. OE. wudian to fell wood.)]
I.
†1. trans. To surround with or inclose in a wood or trees; refl. and intr. to hide or take refuge in a wood. Obs.
1538in Lett. Suppr. Monast. (Camden) 195 The howse..ys metely wodeyd in hege rowys. a1589R. Lane in Hakluyt's Voy. 741 The Sauages..betooke themselues to flight: we..followed for a smal time after them, who had wooded themselues we know not where. 1645City Alarum 13 We should not tread those Mazes of fortune, wherein we have often wooded.
2. trans. To cover (land) with wood, as trees; to plant with trees, convert into woodland.
In this sense a back-formation from wooded ppl. a., q.v. for earlier quots.; cf. also wooding 2.
1807Southey Espriella's Lett. xxxiv. (1808) II. 36, I was delighted with the fine pear-trees which wooded the country. 1828H. Steuart Planter's Guide (ed. 2) 10 Transplanting could do this;..an entire Park could be thus wooded at once. 1896Howells Impressions & Exp. 6 The primeval forests densely wooding the vast levels.
II.
3. a. trans. To supply with wood for fuel; to load (a vessel) with wood.
1628in Foster Engl. Factories India (1909) III. 260 Wee woodded and ballasted our shipps. 1712E. Cooke Voy. S. Sea 117 This Island where we careen'd, wooded, water'd, and fitted our Ships. 1748Anson's Voy. i. v. 42 Our next employment was wooding and watering our squadron. 1804Nelson 22 Mar. in Nicolas Disp. (1845) V. 471 Seahorse being in want of wood, to be ordered..to the Island of Asinara, to cut wood, for which purpose she may remain forty-eight hours. In much less time the Victory could be wooded. 1902Lennox James Chalmers x. 72 The people helped in wooding the vessel.
b. intr. To procure or take in a supply of wood for fuel. Also (in mod. use) with up.
1630Capt. J. Smith Trav. & Adv. ii. 57 In this little Ile of Mevis,..I have remained..to wod and water and refresh my men. 1726G. Shelvocke Voy. round World 76 In this river I imagined we might wood and water. 1856Olmsted Slave States 369 Soon after leaving, we passed the Zephyr, wooding-up: an hour later, our own boat was run to the bank,..and we also commenced wooding. 1891C. Roberts Adrift Amer. 220 We went on down the river,..stopping..occasionally to ‘wood up’, as taking in fuel was termed. 1921W. P. Livingstone Laws of Livingstonia 56 The vessel was wooding..with rosemary and ebony logs.
4. Bowls. to be wooded: see quot.
1897Encycl. Sport I. 130/2 The jack is said to be ‘wooded’ when surrounded by bowls.
5. trans. To furnish with a wooden support; to prop with wood.
1918Glasgow Her. 14 June 6 Simpson wooded the place [in a coal-mine] temporarily, in order..to prevent a further fall.
▪ V. wood
obs. form of woad. |