| 释义 |
▪ I. lama1|ˈlɑːmə|
Also 9 erron. llama.
[Tibetan blama, the b being silent.]
The title given to the Buddhist priests of Mongolia and Tibet. The chief Lamas of Tibet and Mongolia are called respectively Dalai (dalae or delli)-lama, or simply Dalai, and Tesho- or Teshu-lama; the former is the higher in dignity, and was also known to Europeans as the ‘Grand Lama’.
The Dalai Lama lives in the strictest seclusion, and is worshipped with almost divine honours. When he dies, the lamas profess to search for a child who gives evidence that the soul of the deceased pontiff has entered into him; when found, the child succeeds to the office.
1654tr. Martini's Conq. China 13 This Letter..he sent by one of their Indian Priests (whom they call Lama). 1698J. Crull Muscovy 64 A certain High Priest, whom they call Dalae-Lama, or Lamalamalow. 1753Hanway Trav. (1762) I. ii. xvi. 68 Their supreme deity is the delli lama. 1807W. Irving Life & Lett. (1864) I. 199 When surrounded like the grand Lama..by a crowd of humble adorers. 1876Times 15 May 5/2 The greater in this last respect..is the Dalai (or ‘Ocean’) Lama or Lhasa; the other is the Panchen Rinboché (‘Jewel Doctor’), or Teshu Lama of Tashi-lunpo. 1881Ch. Bells 10 Dec. 24/1 In spite of the determined antagonism of the preaching of the Shamans and Lamas from Mongolia. 1895Waddell Buddhism of Tibet 1 Tibet, the mystic Land of the Grand Lama, joint God and King of many millions.
attrib.1799W. Tooke View Russian Emp. II. 119 We find in the russian empire..the lama, and the schamane religions. 1861Swinhoe N. China Camp. 366 The majority of the llama temples were situated outside the wall.
Hence ˈlamaic a., of or pertaining to the lamas; believed or taught by the lamas. ˈlamaism (also lamism), the system of doctrine and observances inculcated and maintained by the lamas. ˈlamaist, one who professes lamaism; also attrib. lamaˈistic a., of or pertaining to the lamaists. ˈlamaite = lamaist. lamaˈitic a. = lamaistic.
1814tr. Klaproth's Trav. 115 This is the greatest festival of the Lamaites. 1817Edin. Rev. XXVIII. 313 Prayer is one of the principal duties enjoined by Lamaism. 1827H. E. Lloyd tr. Timbowski's Trav. II. 207 Before the introduction of the Lamaic religion among them [the Mongols]. 1834Good's Study Med. (ed. 4) III. 108 The cruel and senseless penances and punishments sustained in many of the convents and nunneries of Lamism. 1840Carlyle Heroes (1858) 188, I find Grand Lamaism itself to have a kind of truth in it. 1852Blackw. Mag. LXXI. 347 The Lamaitic worship. 1883Athenæum 24 Feb. 242/1 The Lamaistic deviations from the simplicity of Gautama's teaching. 1889Century Mag. Mar. 657/2 The great annual festival of the lamaists in July. 1895Waddell Buddhism of Tibet 287 The Lamaist temple is called ‘God's house’. Ibid. 298 The Lamaist sceptre or Dorje.
▪ II. ‖ lama2|ˈlɑːmə|
[Sp.; lit. ‘plate’.]
Gold or silver cloth, originally made in Spain.
1818La Belle Assemblée XVII. 133/2 A gold embroidered lama drapery..Borders of silver lama on crimson satin. 1821in Mrs. Armytage Old Crt. Customs (1883) 36 A dress of silver lama over French lilac.
▪ III. lama
erroneous form of llama. |