| 释义 |
religion|rɪˈlɪdʒən|
Forms: 3–4 religiun(e, 4–5 -ioun(e, 5–6 -yon(e, -ione, 7 relligion; 3–6 relygyon, 4 -un, -ioun, 5–6 -ion; 4 riligioun, 6 relegioune; 3– religion.
[a. AF. religiun (11th c.), F. religion, or ad. L. religiōn-em, of doubtful etymology, by Cicero connected with relegĕre to read over again, but by later authors with religāre to bind, religate (see Lewis and Short, s.v.); the latter view has usually been favoured by modern writers in explaining the force of the word by its supposed etymological meaning.]
1. a. A state of life bound by monastic vows; the condition of one who is a member of a religious order, esp. in the Roman Catholic Church.
c1200Vices & Virtues 43 Ðo ðe ðese swikele woreld habbeð forlaten and seruið ure drihten on religiun, hie folȝið Daniele, ðe hali profiete. a1300Cursor M. 23049 Þai..went þaim in to religiun,..For to beserue vr lauerd dright. 1362Langl. P. Pl. A. ix. 82 Dobet..is Ronnen in-to Religiun..And precheþ þe peple seint poules wordes. 1390Gower Conf. III. 317 In blake clothes thei hem clothe,..And yolde hem to religion. c1449Pecock Repr. v. ii. 484 In oon maner religioun is..a binding vp or a bynding aȝen of a mannys fre wil with certein ordinauncis,..or with vowis or oothis. c1500Lancelot 1300 Non orderis had he of Relegioune. 1528Roy Rede me (Arb.) 66 Ware thou never in religion? Yes so god helpe me and halydom, A dosen yeres continually. 1586A. Day Eng. Secretary i. (1625) 126 Forsweare thou nothing good, but building of Monasteries and entring into Religion. 1663H. Cogan tr. Pinto's Trav. xxviii. 111 Those of the country [China] repute him for a Saint, because he ended his dayes in Religion. 1765H. Walpole Otranto iv, My father..was retired into religion in the Kingdom of Naples. 1825Southey in Q. Rev. XXXII. 364 We must enter into religion and be made nuns by will or by force. 1886H. N. Oxenham Mem. R. de Lisle 6 The two others..are in religion; the former entered the Order of the Good Shepherd in 1863.
transf.1535Lyndesay Satyre 3673 Mariage, be my opinioun, It is better Religioun, As to be freir or Nun.
†b. man, etc. of religion, one bound by monastic vows or in holy orders. Obs.
c1200Trin. Coll. Hom. 49 Þis loc ne haueð non to offren bute þese lif-holie men of religiun. a1300Cursor M. 29285 Qua smites preist or clerk,..or ani man of religion,..he is cursd. 13..E.E. Allit. P. B. 7 Renkez of relygioun þat reden & syngen. c1380Wyclif Wks. (1880) 7 Ȝif þei seyn þat þei ben most holy and best men of religion. 1426Lydg. De Guil. Pilgr. 3192 Somme folkys of relygyon. 1485Caxton Paris & V. (1868) 12 To become a man of religion.
†c. house, etc. of religion, a religious house, a monastery or nunnery. Obs.
13..Sir Beues (MS. A) 4613 An hous he made of riligioun, For to singe for sire Beuoun. 1340Ayenb. 41 Huanne me bernþ oþer brekþ cherches..oþer hous of relygioun. a1400Arthur 488 In Abbeys of Relygyoun Þat were cristien of name. c1460Fortescue Abs. & Lim. Mon. xix. (1885) 155 Oþer kynges haue ffounded byshopriches, abbeys, and oþer howses off relegyon. c1535in Speed Hist. Gt. Brit. ix. cxxi. §95 (1611) 773/1 Spoiled in like maner..as the housys of Religion hath bene. 1568Grafton Chron. II. 144 Many houses of relygion within the Citie..were searched for goodes of aliauntes.
2. a. A particular monastic or religious order or rule; † a religious house. Now rare.
a1225Ancr. R. 4 Rihten hire & smeðen hire is of euch religiun, & of efrich ordre þe god, & al þe strengðe. c1290S. Eng. Leg. I. 52/192 Seint Edward cam..To an holi man þat þere was neiȝ in an oþur religion. 13..E.E. Allit. P. B. 1156 His fader forloyne..feched hem wyth strenþe, & robbed þe relygioun of relykes alle. c1400Rom. Rose 6352 Somtyme am I prioresse,..And go thurgh alle regiouns, Sekyng alle religiouns. 1483Caxton Gold. Leg. 426/1 Saynt Rygoberte..ordeyned a relygyon of chanounes and clerkes. 1528Cromwell in Merriman Life & Lett. (1902) I. 322 The exchaunge to be made bitwene your colledge in Oxforde and his religion for Saundforde. a1548Hall Chron., Hen. VIII 143 This priest..was receiued into euery Religion with Procession, as though the Legate had been there. 1568Grafton Chron. II. 194 This Religion of Saint Iohns, was greatly preferred, by the fall and suppression of the Templers. 1631Weever Anc. Funeral Mon. 114 If any professed in the said Religion were negligently forgotten. 1687A. Lovell tr. Thevenot's Trav. i. 12 A Dagger, which the King of Spain sent as a Present to the Religion. 1769Ann. Reg. 147 Some ships of the religion of Malta. 1858Faber Foot of Cross (1872) 70 There were several false and counterfeit religions, which had troubled the church about this time.
transf.1497Bp. Alcock Mons Perfect. B iij, As hymself for his pryde and enuy was cast out of the holy relygyon of heuen.
†b. collect. People of religion. Obs.
1297R. Glouc. (Rolls) 2812 Þanne þe religion & holi chirche worþ ef sone ybroȝt al adoun. 1375Barbour Bruce xx. 162 Till religioune of seir statis, For heill of his saull, gaf he Siluir in-to gret quantite. c1450Holland Howlat 190 Alkyn chennonis eik of vther ordouris, All maner of religioun, the less and the mair.
†c. A member of a religious order. Obs.
13..Cursor M. 22001 (Gött), Quatkin man sum euer it es..Or laued or religiun. 1303R. Brunne Handl. Synne 7557 Specyaly þat comandeþ he.. to bysshopes, and persones, To prestys, an ouþer relygyons. c1325Chron. Eng. 527 in Ritson Metr. Rom. II. 292 That on partie he sende..To thilke that were povre in londe; That other to povre religiouns; The thridde to povre cleregouns.
3. a. Action or conduct indicating a belief in, reverence for, and desire to please, a divine ruling power; the exercise or practice of rites or observances implying this. Also pl., religious rites. Now rare, exc. as implied in 5.
a1225Ancr. R. 10 Cleane religiun..is iseon & helpen widewen & federlease children & from þe worlde witen him cleane & unwemmed. c1250Kent. Serm. in O.E. Misc. 29 Þer were vi. Ydres of stone..wer þo gius hem wesse for clenesse and for religiun. a1300Cursor M. 12676 Þis iacob..was o gret religiun, Hali liue he ladd al-wais. 1382Wyclif Lev. xvi. 31 The holiday forsothe of restyng it is, and ȝe shulen traueil ȝoure soules thurȝ perpetuel religioun. 1553Eden Treat. Newe Ind. (Arb.) 27 They eate that fleshe with great religion. 1577T. Vautrollier Luther on Ep. Gal. 151 They that trust in theyr owne righteousnes, thinke to pacifie the wrath of God by their..voluntarie religion. 1613Purchas Pilgrimage iii. i. (1614) 232 They vsed yet some Religion in gathering of their Cinamon,..sacrificing before they beganne [etc.]. 1667Milton P.L. i. 372 The Image of a Brute, adorn'd With gay Religions full of Pomp and Gold. 1726Leoni tr. Alberti's Archit. II. 21/2 The Ancients used to found the Walls of their Cities with the greatest religion, dedicating them to some God who was to be their guardian. 1788Gibbon Decl. & F. xlix. V. 89 The public religion of the Catholics was uniformly simple and spiritual. 1900R. W. Dixon Hist. Ch. Eng. xxxvi. (1902) VI. 5 The religions of the religious orders..were swept away under the condemnation of superstition and abuse.
†b. A religious duty or obligation. Obs.
1537St. Papers Hen. VIII, I. ii. 557 Thei thoght a religion to kepe secret, betwene God and them, certayn thinges. 1549Latimer 5th Serm. bef. Edw. VI (Arb.) 135 The dutye betwene man and wyfe, whiche is a holy religyon, but not religiouslye kepte.
4. a. A particular system of faith and worship.
a1300Cursor M. 18944 In þat siquar was in þat tun Men of alkin religioun. 1340Hampole Pr. Consc. 4522 Þe Iewes and cristen men,..Sal þan..Assent in Crist als a religion. 1560J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 92 b, They neyther allure nor compelle any man unto their Religion. 1594Hooker Eccl. Pol. iv. xi. §2 The church of Rome, they say,..did almost out of all religions take whatsoever had any fair and gorgeous show. 1625B. Jonson Staple of N. ii. i, I wonder what religion he is of. 1662Stillingfl. Orig. Sacræ ii. vi. §15 Whereby we plainly see what clear evidence is given to the truth of that religion which is attested with a power of miracles. 1732Berkeley Alciphr. iv. §25 The Christian Religion, which pretends to teach men the knowledge and worship of God. 1791Paine Rights of Man (ed. 4) 79 If they are to judge of each others religion, there is no such thing as a religion that is right. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. vi. II. 65 All religions were the same to him. 1862Max Müller Chips (1880) I. ix. 186 All important religions have sprung up in the East.
transf.1849Longfellow Kavanagh xvi. 78 The memory of that mother had become almost a religion to her. 1872Liddon Elem. Relig. i. 23 We hear men speak of a religion of art, of a religion of work, of a religion of civilization.
†b. the Religion [after F.]: the Reformed Religion, Protestantism. Obs.
1577F. de Lisle's Legendarie G viij, There was a noise raised that the Admiral had endeuoured to expel the Masse, and to plant the Religion in France. 1601R. Johnson Kingd. & Commw. 106 They againe are deuided into 13 Cantons, 8 whereof are catholike, the residue of the religion. 1642Howell For. Trav. (Arb.) 46 They of the Religion, are now Town-lesse and Arme-lesse. a1674Clarendon Hist. Reb. xv. §153 Those of the Religion possessed them⁓selves with many arm'd Men of the Town-House.
c. religion of nature: the worship of Nature in place of a more formal system of religious belief.
1902W. James Var. Relig. Exper. iv. 91 In that ‘theory of evolution’ which..has within the past twenty-five years swept so rapidly over Europe and America, we see the ground laid for a new sort of religion of Nature, which has entirely displaced Christianity from the thought of a large part of our generation. 1961D. G. James Matthew Arnold i. 22 The essay itself is given up chiefly to a warm exposition of her religion of nature.
5. a. Recognition on the part of man of some higher unseen power as having control of his destiny, and as being entitled to obedience, reverence, and worship; the general mental and moral attitude resulting from this belief, with reference to its effect upon the individual or the community; personal or general acceptance of this feeling as a standard of spiritual and practical life.
c1535in Burnet Hist. Ref. (1679) I. Rec. iii. 140 That true Religion is not contained in Apparel,..singing, and such other kind of Ceremonies; but in cleanness of mind [etc.]. 1560J. Daus tr. Sleidane's Comm. 46 b, Amonges the Suyces encreased dayly contention for Religion. 1597Hooker Eccl. Pol. v. lxv. §16 The tribe of Reuben..were..accused of backwardness in religion. 1613Purchas Pilgrimage (1614) 20 True Religion is the right way of reconciling and reuniting man to God. 1651Hobbes Leviath. i. xii. 52 There are no signes..of Religion, but in Man onely. 1704Nelson Fest. & Fasts ix. (1739) 587 It keeps a lively Sense of Religion upon our Minds. 1776Adam Smith W.N. v. ii. (1869) II. 459 So slender a security as the probity and religion of the inferior officers of revenue. 1832H. Martineau Hill & Valley iii. 45 The best part of religion is to imitate the benevolence of God to man. 1849Macaulay Hist. Eng. ii. I. 176 About two thousand ministers of religion..were driven from their benefices in one day. 1877Sparrow Serm. vii. 90 True religion, in its essence and in kind, is the same everywhere.
personified.1597Shakes. Lover's Compl. 250 Religious love put out Religion's eye. 1607― Timon iii. ii. 83 Religion grones at it. c1652Milton Sonn. to Sir H. Vane, Therfore on thy firme hand religion leanes In peace, & reck'ns thee her eldest son. 1717Pope Eloïsa 39 There stern Religion quench'd th' unwilling flame. 1781Cowper Expost. 492 Religion, if in heavenly truths attired, Needs only to be seen to be admired. 1844A. B. Welby Poems (1867) 72 'Tis then that sweet Religion's holy wing Broods o'er the spirit.
b. to get religion: see get v. 12 d.
†c. Awe, dread. Obs. rare—1.
a1642Bedell Erasmus in Fuller Abel Rediv. (1867) I. 78 He took a general view of most parts of Italy as far as Cumae, where (not without some religion and horror)..he beheld the cave of Sibylla.
6. transf.
†a. Devotion to some principle; strict fidelity or faithfulness; conscientiousness; pious affection or attachment. Obs.
1592Shakes. Rom. & Jul. i. ii. 93 When the deuout religion of mine eye Maintaines such falshood, then turne teares to fire. 1600― A.Y.L. iv. i. 201 Ros... Keep your promise. Orl. With no lesse religion, then if thou wert indeed my Rosalind. 1630B. Jonson New Inn i. i, Out of a religion to my charge, And debt profess'd, I have made a self-decree. 1640Habington Edw. IV 182 The ancient league observ'd with so much Religion betweene England and the Low Countries. 1691Wood Ath. Oxon. I. Pref., An old Word is retain'd by an Antiquary with as much Religion as a Relick.
b. In phr. to make (a) religion of or to make (it) religion to, to make a point of, to be scrupulously careful († not) to do something.
(a)1599B. Jonson Cynthia's Rev. v. ii, Let mortals learn To make religion of offending heaven. 1622Peacham Compl. Gent. 44 Nor bee so foolish precise as a number are, who make it Religion to speake otherwise then this or that Author.
(b)1606Shakes. Ant. & Cl. v. ii. 199 By your command (Which my loue makes Religion to obey) I tell you this. 1869W. M. Baker New Timothy 199 (Cent.), Its acidity sharpens Mr. Wall's teeth.., yet, under the circumstances, he makes a religion of eating it.
†7. The religious sanction or obligation of an oath, etc. Obs.
a1619M. Fotherby Atheom. i. vi. §2 (1622) 42 Vnder the religion of an Oath. c1645Howell Lett. (1650) II. 117 According to the rules and religion of friendship. a1694Tillotson Serm. (1742) II. xxii. 65 If the religion of an oath will not oblige men to speak truth, nothing will. 1704J. Blair in W. S. Perry Hist. Coll. Amer. Col. Ch. (1870) I. 107, I shall under the same religion of an oath acquaint your Lordships with..what I remember.
8. attrib. and Comb., as religion-complex, religion-dresser, religion-game, religion-making, religion-mender, religion-monger, religion-shop; religion-arousing, religion-infectious, religion-masked, religion-raptured adjs.; † religion man = sense 1 b.
1957J. S. Huxley Relig. without Revelation (rev. ed.) vii. 174 Potential *religion-arousing objects.
1922Brit. Jrnl. Psychology Oct. 117 Such complexes clearly exist in the normal mind with perfectly free access to consciousness, e.g. the ‘*religion complex’.
a1640Day Peregr. Schol. (1881) 72 This new vicker was made out of an olde ffrier that had bene twice turnd at a *Religion-dressers.
1961J. Wilson Reason & Morals ii. 120 Thus J. R. Lucas..even puts in a good word for the *religion-game.
1706A. Shields Inq. Ch. Communion (1747) 51 Such as are..*religion-infectious, like to spread and leaven all in communion with such a congregation.
1888Mrs. H. Ward R. Elsmere xlix, We are in the full stream of *religion-making.
c1430Lydg. Min. Poems (Percy Soc.) 57 *Religioune men alwey wonnyng in the Court,..It may wele ryme, but it accordith nought.
1633Ford 'Tis Pity v. iii, Your *religion-masked sorceries.
1824W. E. Andrews Crit. Rev. Fox's Bk. Mart. I. 380 The irreligious and blasphemous pretentions of those *religion-menders.
1698Fryer Acc. E. India & P. 366 The Antiquaries..who have searched more narrowly into this up⁓start *Religion-Monger. 1718Entertainer 253 The Fathers [are represented as]..a Parcel of old passive Religion-Mongers.
1796Southey Lett. fr. Spain 341 The fervid soul of that blest Maid, *Religion-raptur'd.
1811L. M. Hawkins Countess & Gertrude (1812) II. xxvii. 79 Well may scoffers talk of the *religion-shops of London. |