| 释义 |
▪ I. winning, vbl. n.1|ˈwɪnɪŋ|
Forms: see win v.1
[f. win v.1 + -ing1.]
The action of win v.1; concr. something won.
1. Conquest, capture, taking (of a place); also, in early use, conquered territory (= conquest n. 4). Obs. or arch.
c1320Sir Tristr. 928 Rohand he left king Ouer al his wining þare. 1338R. Brunne Chron. (1810) 296 Þritti reames men tolde, þat kyng Arthur wan. He parted his wynnyng tille his men largely. 1419in Documents Français (1847) I. 227 Thei have wonne the forsaid toun by assaulte..thorought the whiche wynninge my forsaid lord hath passage to Parys. c1470Henry Wallace x. 577 Thow was gret caus off wynnyng off Scotland. 1577Holinshed Chron. I. 34/2 Caius Iulius Cesar..determined to assay y⊇ winning of Britain. 1622Peacham Compl. Gent. xv. (1906) 184 Knighted at the winning of Edenburgh in Scotland. a1660Contemp. Hist. Irel. (Ir. Archæol. Soc.) I. 280 This noble warrior was soe eager for the wininge of that place. 1871Freeman Norm. Conq. IV. xvii. 80 While the land which sent forth such goodly stores was in winning.
2. a. The action of gaining, getting, or obtaining; acquisition; † gain (in general, as opp. to loss); victory in a game or contest.
With various shades of meaning, in later use restricted as in the vb.
c1320Sir Tristr. 3006 In wining and in tin Trewe to ben ay. 1362Langl. P. Pl. A. v. 94 Of his leosinge I lauhwe..Ac for his wynnynge I wepe. c1374Chaucer Troylus i. 199 Swych labour as folk han yn wynnynge Of loue. c1449Pecock Repr. iii. xviii. 403 Bi biyng or bi wynnyng in waiouring or bi sum other fre maner of geting. 1508Dunbar Flyting 19 It is nowthir wynning nor rewaird, Bot tinsale [etc.]. 1549Coverdale, etc. Erasm. Par. James i. 1–12 To counte losse of goodes, for the richeste wynnynge. 1610Shakes. Temp. i. ii. 451 Least too light winning Make the prize light. 1611― Cymb. ii. iii. 8 Winning will put any man into courage. 1616Buccleuch MSS. (Hist. MSS. Comm.) I. 183 Your Honour may guess that winning of time is their chiefest aim. 1630J. Taylor (Water P.) Gt. Eater Kent Wks. i. 145/2 The vnexpected winning of the wager. 1667[see winner 2]. 1813Scott Rokeby iii. xxx, Allen-a-Dale has no fleece for the spinning, Yet Allen-a-Dale has red gold for the winning. 1860Löwenthal Morphy's Games Chess 140 Ensuring the advance of the Queen's Pawn, which is almost equivalent to the winning of the game. 1885–94Bridges Eros & Psyche Dec. ix, And in one winning all her woes redeem.
†b. Getting of money or wealth; gain, profit; money-making. Obs. as a specific sense.
a1300Cursor M. 25803 Man þou has ben to couetus Abote werlds wining fuus. c1382Pol. Poems (Rolls) I. 252 Mony for wynnyng wold bitraye Father and moder. a1450Myrc Par. Pr. (1868) 22/705 Vsureres that by cause of wynnyng lene her catall to her eine cristen. c1480Henryson Want of Wyse Men 22 (Bannatyne MS.) For warldly wonyng sic walkis, quhen wysar winkis. a1533Ld. Berners Gold. Bk. M. Aurel. (1546) N vij, Of the vnlawful winnyng of the fathers, there folowethe the iuste loss to theyr children. 1536Bellenden Cron. Scot. (1821) I. p. xxiv, To thair gret proffet and winning. c1730Ramsay Maltman iii, He may crack of his winning, When he clears scores with me.
c. Getting by labour, earning. Obs. exc. dial.
c1400Rule St. Benet (verse) 2058 If ony woman can oght do Þat ony wining falles vnto. 1545in Reg. Mag. Sig. Scot. 1546, 757/2 Concerning the wynning of thair leving.
†d. Profit (in general), advantage. Obs.
c1375Sc. Leg. Saints xl. (Ninian) 1151 Quhat wynnyng had ȝe, Þo ȝe had mycht to sla me? 1477Earl Rivers (Caxton) Dictes 6 b, Yf ye do so all your lyf, it shalbe to you a grete prouffitable wynnyng. a1578Lindesay (Pitscottie) Chron. Scot. (S.T.S.) I. 37 Regairding our awin prevat wining mair nor the weillfair of the realme.
3. concr. That which is won; a thing or amount obtained or gained; gain, profit (as acquired); † in early use occas. spoil, booty; emolument, earnings. Now rare or Obs. exc. as in 4.
a1300Cursor M. 968 O þi winning giue me þe tend. c1330Arth. & Merl. 8393 Whar ȝe schul win wining, Ȝe nold it ȝeue for no þing! c1386Chaucer Prol. 275 Hise resons he spak ful solempnely Sownynge alway thencrees of his wynnyng. c140026 Pol. Poems xix. 77 Þy wrong wynnyng aȝen restore. 14..Sc. Acts Parlt. (1814) I. 736/2 And þat of all his wynnying..he sal nocht halde bot .ij.d. c1450Merlin xiv. 224 Ther was founde grete wynnynge; and the kynge made it to be..presented to the sowdiours. 1488Burgh Rec. Edinb. (1869) I. 55 And thai to dele thairvpoun vyning and tynsell. 1509Barclay Shyp of Folys (1874) II. 83 Eche of them askyth Lucre and wynnynge. 1546J. Heywood Prov. (1867) 34, I might put my winnyng in mine eye. 1585Higins Junius' Nomencl. 321/2 Brauium,..the price or winning giuen to one that ouercommeth in plaies and games. 1860Pusey Min. Proph. 281 ‘Keep the winning, keep the sinning.’.. We cannot keep the gain, and escape the loss.
4. pl.: usually concr., as pl. of 3 (mostly in collective sense), Things or sums gained, gains, profits; earnings (obs. or dial.); in mod. use chiefly applied to money won by gaming or betting; more rarely in abstract sense, as pl. of 2, Acts of gaining, gains as opp. to losses.
c1380Wyclif Sel. Wks. I. 11 Defaute in al þis comiþ of ypocrisye of prelatis, þat shulden teche pleynly Goddis lawe and not þer erþly wynnynges. c1449Pecock Repr. iii. xvii. 391 Tithis going out fro her wynnyngis. 1557Tusser 100 Points Husb. xiii, But chopping and chaungeing, may make such a breck, That gone is thy winninges, for sauing thy neck. 1616T. Draxe Bibl. Scholast. 78 Hee may put his winnings into his eye, and see neuer the worse. 1697Dryden Virg. Georg. Ded. ¶ 2 b, One loss may be of more consequence to him, than all his former winnings. 1716Addison Freeholder No. 40 ⁋3 A Buttering-Gamester, that stakes all his Winnings upon every Cast. 1725J. Glanvill Poems 63 When hapless France shall meet with no Repair From Losings here, by healing Winnings there. 1838Dickens O. Twist xxxix, Mr. Toby Crackit swept up his winnings [at cribbage], and crammed them into his waist⁓coat pocket. 1885Law Rep. Weekly Notes 145/2 The defendant..having won on those bets received the winnings from the persons with whom he had betted.
5. spec. Getting, gathering, taking (of produce, fish, coal, stone, etc.); also, in Mining, the process of excavation and other preparation for working a bed of coal or other mineral: see win v.1 7 f, g.
1473Rental Bk. Cupar-Angus (1879) I. 192 To mak ma tenandis for wenyng and laboryng of the ground. 1501Reg. Privy Seal Scot. I. 100/1 To sustene ony skaith in the wynnyng of the saidis fischingis. 1506Acc. Ld. High Treas. Scot. III. 87 To Andro Matheson, to the colheuch wynnyng in Faukland v li. 1553–4Burgh Rec. Edin. (1871) II. 286 To Denne Morisoun for wynnyng of thre lintellis to the saids yeittis. 1630Burgh Rec. Glasgow (1876) 374 For the wyning and leiding of certane stonis for mending of the commoun loche. c1790Encycl. Brit. (1797) V. 99/1 Where a level can be drove..to drain a sufficient tract of coal, it is then the most eligible method of winning. 1825E. Mackenzie View Northumbld. (ed. 2) I. 87 The winning of a colliery is the draining of a field of coal, so as to render the several seams accessible. 1881Nature 27 Jan. 308 Deep winning of coal in South Wales. 1891Times 10 Oct., The winning of oats in the northern parts of England.
b. concr. (Mining.) A shaft or pit together with the associated apparatus for ‘winning’ the coal or other mineral; a portion of a coal-field or mine laid out for working.
1708J. C. Compl. Collier (1845) 42 How much to allow for a Winning. 1768Ann. Reg., Chron. 62 The vast quantity of water expected in this new winning. 1865Pall Mall Gaz. 26 Sept. 7/2 The construction of new winnings, the colliery population, and the production of coal have considerably augmented.
6. Gaining of a person's affection or allegiance; gaining of an adherent or convert; also with over.
c1375Sc. Leg. Saints xxxiii. (George) 864 For of a martyre þe pynynge Of a thousand wes wynnynge. c1380Wyclif Wks. (1880) 93 Þei loue more here owen worldly wynnynge.. þan wynnynge of soulis to blisse. a1586Sidney Apol. Poetrie (Arb.) 40 The winning of the mind from wickednesse to vertue. 1605Bacon Adv. Learn. i. iv. §2 The great labour that then was with the people..for the winning and perswading of them. 1643Milton Divorce viii. Wks. 1851 IV. 47 The uncertain winning of an obdur'd heretick. 1899Heddle Marget at Manse 91, I had forgotten all about Andrew and his proposed winning-over. 1918Nation (N.Y.) 7 Feb. 134/1 All the sordid details that counted in the winning over of Italy.
†7. Deliverance, redemption: cf. win v.1 8. Obs.
c140026 Pol. Poems xxiv. 281 In helle is no wynnyng, Ne non aȝeynbyynge to pes.
8. The action of making one's way or getting somewhere. Sc. and dial.
1651Sir A. Johnston Diary (S.H.S.) II. 89 [It] might prevent..his wining to my wyfe. 1818Scott Hrt. Midl. xiii, Ye'll find it's easier wunnin in than wunnin out here.
9. attrib. Pertaining to or connected with winning, or at which something is won (sometimes practically coincident with winning ppl. a. 2, q.v.): winning-chair, the umpire's seat at the goal of a race-course (cf. winning-post); winning-gallery (Real Tennis), the last gallery on the hazard-side of a tennis-court; winning headway (Coal-mining), see quots., and cf. sense 5 and win v.1 7 g; so winning mine, winning pit; winning opening (Real Tennis), see quots.; winning-post, a post set up at the goal of a race-course, the racer who first passes it being the winner; also fig.; winning streak: see streak n. 6 b.
1835W. Dyott Diary Oct. (1907) II. 212 A platform was erected in front of the *winning chair [on Lichfield Race Course] to accommodate the ladies who were to deliver the standards [to a regiment]. 1856‘Stonehenge’ Brit. Sports ii. i. x. §4. 358/1 They will not leave their horses when called upon, in order to pass the winning-chair first.
1857G. A. Lawrence Guy Liv. iv, His horse..came down heavily into the ditch of the *winning field.
1878*Winning-gallery [see gallery n. 9]. 1891[see hazard n. 6].
c1790Encycl. Brit. (1797) V. 101/1 The first working or excavation made from the coal⁓pit, commonly called the winning mine or *winning headway. 1846Brockett N.C. Gloss. (ed. 3), Winning head-ways, two parallel excavations... The principal exploring drifts of a colliery, for opening out the seams for the daily supply.
1878J. Marshall Ann. Tennis 160 *Winning-openings, the dedans, winning-gallery, and grille. Ibid. 163 (Laws §20) Either player wins a chase if he serve or return the ball so that it enter a winning opening.
1895Daily Tel. 12 Nov. 6/7 A *winning pit of the Blackwell Colliery Company.
1759A. Murphy Let. 22 July in D. Garrick Private Corr. (1831) I. 101 You must judge whether they [sc. horses] are marketable, or likely to tire before they come to the *winning-post. 1790T. Wilkinson Mem. II. 194 Miss Notable and Miss Prue from the archness and excellent acting of Mrs Abington, seemed to have the decision at the winning post for fame. 1820Combe Syntax xx. 164 In learned labours some proceed, But I prefer the racing steed:..Others some pow'rful station boast; But let me gain the winning-post. 1824Scott St. Ronan's x, The best horse ever started may slip a shoulder before he get to the winning-post. 1886C. E. Pascoe London of To-day xviii. (ed. 3) 170 The starting-point at Putney Bridge,..the winning-post at Mortlake. 1951Times (Weekly Ed.) 30 May 3 Meals are landmarks, milestones which must be passed before the winning-post of bed-time is finally and thankfully reached.
▪ II. † ˈwinning, vbl. n.2 Sc. Obs.
[f. win v.2 + -ing1.]
Dwelling, habitation. Also attrib.
c1375Sc. Leg. Saints xl. (Ninian) 1101 Ilkane a sere gat held away, Til þai come til þare wynny[n]g-place. c1425Wyntoun Cron. xxvi. 665 His wynnyng þare he thocht to ma. c1475Rauf Coilȝear 227 Quhair is thy maist wynning? 1513Douglas æneis v. iv. 103 Als swiftlie as the dow affrait doith fle Furth of hir hole, and rycht darn wynning wane. c1575Balfour's Practicks (1754) 541 His awin proper house, quhair he has his winning, rising, and lying day and nicht.
▪ III. ˈwinning, vbl. n.3 Sc. and dial.
[f. win v.3 + -ing1.]
The action of win v.3
1844H. Stephens Bk. Farm II. 242 Better it do that than become again damp after only a partial winning, when the meat loses much of its flavour.
▪ IV. ˈwinning, ppl. a.
[f. win v.1 + -ing2.]
That wins, in various senses.
†1. Gaining, or by which one gains, money or wealth; profitable, lucrative. Obs.
1435Misyn Fire of Love i. xi. 24 Full hard treuly it is a wynnynge craft or office to haue & not to be couetus. 1530Palsgr. 329/2 Wynnyng, gaynyng, questueux.
2. Gaining, or resulting in, victory or superiority in a contest or competition; victorious. In U.S. colloq. use also in superlative. winning hazard: see hazard n. 7 b. winning stroke, a stroke that gains a point in a game, or one by which the game is won.
1592Shakes. Rom. & Jul. iii. ii. 12 Learne me how to loose a winning match. 1609Holland Amm. Marcell. 290 Contemning that Emperour who everie where in civile warre went away on the winning hand. 1822Scott Nigel Introd. Epist., I am not displeased to find the game a winning one. 1855Poultry Chron. II. 486 Neither should I have given the first place to the winning Dorking cock. 1860Löwenthal Morphy's Games Chess 56 The winning move. 1884Marshall's Tennis Cuts 114 In playing against a fine player, it is imperative to go for a winning-stroke whenever there is a fair opening. 1974State (Columbia, S. Carolina) 5 Mar. 6-a/7 John Bates, coach of Maryland-Eastern Shore, at 26–1 the winningest college basketball team in the nation. 1979Tucson (Arizona) Citizen 20 Sept. 5d/1 Slota defeated Sarah Cap, the winningest active greyhound with 113 career victories. 1985Dirt Bike Mar. 23/2 (Advt.), That's the moment you know what the winningest racers and most satisfied riders know.
3. Persuasive (now rare or obs.); alluring, attractive, ‘taking’. † Also advb., winningly.
1596Edward III, i. ii. 140 What needs a tongue to such a speaking eie, That more perswads then winning Oratorie? c1620Fletcher False One iii. ii, Eyes that are the winningst Orators. 1667Milton P.L. iv. 479 Less faire, Less winning soft, less amiable milde. 1700T. Brown Amusem. Ser. & Com. Wks. 1720 III. 54 The Winning Air, the Bewitching Glance, the Amorous Smirk. 1713Addison Cato i. iv, While winning Mildness and attractive Smiles Dwell in her Looks. 1809Malkin Gil Blas vii. xii. ⁋6 You have very winning ways with you; you make me do just whatever you please. 1880‘Mark Twain’ Tramp Abr. xviii, There is a friendly something about the German character which is very winning.
Hence (in sense 3) ˈwinningly adv., ˈwinningness.
1663Cowley Cutter Colman St. iv. i, I know thou canst speak *winningly. 1803Jane Austen Susan vi. (1879) 213 Her voice and manner winningly mild. 1934G. B. Shaw On Rocks i. 208 Sir Arthur [winningly] And do you, Miss Brollikins, feel that you have got nothing? 1980Times Lit. Suppl. 20 June 702/2 Clothes and hair styles [of petty criminals in the 1870s] repay scrutiny: no one ever dressed up or posed winningly for these pictures.
1727Bailey vol. II, Insinuatingness..insinuating Nature,..*Winningness. 1796F. Burney Camilla i. ii, I think Camilla's [face] so much prettier; I mean in point of winningness. 1864Pusey Daniel viii. 541 Error has no intrinsic winningness for man. |