| 释义 |
‖ kultur|kʊlˈtʊə(r)|
Also Kultur.
[G., ad. L. cultūra, or F. culture culture n.]
Civilization as conceived by the Germans; esp. used in a derogatory sense during the 1914–18 and 1939–45 wars, as involving notions of racial and cultural arrogance, militarism, and imperialism. Also attrib. and transf.
1914Punch 16 Sept. 239/1 (heading) The Imperial Prussian College of Culture. Telegrams: ‘Kultur, Berlin’. 1914Spectator 31 Oct. 589/1 The idea that the extension of the Kultur of a nation can be effected by the extension by arms of its Empire. 1915Times 30 Mar. 6/4 Kultur, in fact, has become the exact opposite of ‘culture’. 1915A. Huxley Let. Oct. (1969) 84 We have founded a club, chiefly for the purpose of self protection against Queen's and for the propagation of Kultur. 1916J. B. Cooper Coo-oo-ee xii. 170 People have no time for Germans after their kultur demonstration in Belgium. 1917A. G. Empey Over Top 305 A British rat resembles a bull-dog, while a German one, through a course of Kultur, resembles a dachshund. 1918Kipling Kipling's Message, It is the peculiar essence of German Kultur, which is the German religion, that it is Germany's moral duty to break every tie, every restriction that binds man to fellow-man, if she thinks it will pay. 1926C. H. Herford Mind of Post-War Germany v. 22 The stabilizing forces which post-war Germany derived from her inherited Kultur. 1939tr. C. Leiser's Nazi Nuggets 82 Since the Nazis and the Japanese have been getting cozy and have signed a pact to foster their Kultur. 1973L. Snelling Heresy i. i. 4 How ignorant I am of contemporary Kultur.
Also (with varying degrees of naturalization) ˈkulturbild [G. bild picture, image], a description of the culture (of a period, etc.); ˈkulturgeˈschichte [G. geschichte history], the history of the cultural development (of a country, etc.); history of civilization; ˈkulturgut [G. gut possession], a cultural asset; ˈkulturhund [G. hund dog], kultur-hound = culture vulture; ˈkulturkampf [G. kampf conflict], the conflict between the German government and the Papacy for the control of schools and church appointments (1872–87); also transf.; ˈkulturkreis [G. kreis circle], a cultural group; a cultural complex (the term is associated esp. with the German anthropologists F. Graebner and W. Schmidt); ˈkulturstaat [G. staat state], a civilized country; ˈkulturträger [G. träger carrier], an upholder or defender of civilization.
All usu. with capital initial in Eng. as in German.
1961Times 23 Nov. 16/4 This book had to be a Kulturbild rather than a biography. 1964English Studies XLV. 91 Professor Schirmer in his Kulturbild attempts to relate John Lydgate to his age by means of his poetry.
1876Mind I. 447 The novel facts and attractive generalisations of Culturgeschichte are insensibly casting discredit upon the thoughtful introspection of one's own adult experience. 1938Year's Work Eng. Stud. 1936 XVII. 29 Brandenstein's little monograph on the first Indo-European migration is a return to the study of comparative vocabulary as a means for re-imagining some aspects of Kulturgeschichte. 1968Listener 4 Apr. 448/1 English music historians have, on the whole, concentrated on the chronicling of technical matters and have avoided Kulturgeschichte, as it is practised elsewhere.
1952Man June 83 A member of a lower caste tends to imitate the ‘kulturgut’ of higher-caste people... At the same time he is attached to his own kulturgut. 1966Amer. N. & Q. June 158/1 No effort was made to segregate the demonstrably regional Kulturgut from that which is literary, and even worldwide. 1969Language XLV. 235 The later association of the term with the very poor may represent a sort of..Kulturgut.
1946Mezzrow & Wolfe Really Blues (1957) xi. 196 That Kultur-hound didn't know..that underneath the phony label was a genuine Victor one. 1963Listener 17 Jan. 138/3 So our provincial Kulturhunde had thirty minutes of that Vassar-educated Mona Lisa, Miss Mary McCarthy.
1879Dubin Rev. Oct. 350 History of the Prussian ‘Kulturkampf’. 1896W. Miller Balkans ii. v. 205 A regular Culturkampf raged for nearly twenty years, in which the Turkish officials were far less adverse than the Greek clergy to the Bulgarian demands. 1902Encycl. Brit. XXXII. 271/2 In Germany, when the Pontificate of Leo XIII. began, a disastrous conflict between the Imperial Government and the Church was in progress. It was called the Kulturkampf, as professing to be undertaken on behalf of civilization and culture. 1926C. H. Herford Mind of Post-War Germany i. 6 The Rhinelands, fervently Catholic, and still acutely mindful of Bismarck's Kulturkampf. 1936H. G. Wells Anat. Frustration xiii. 150 A vast Kultur-Kampf lies between mankind and peace. 1966New Statesman 18 Feb. 218/3 The kulturkampf between Flemish and Walloon French has now reached the Catholic University of Louvain.
[1897L. Frobenius in Petermann's Mitteilungen XLIII. 225 (title) Der westafrikanische Kulturkreis. Ibid. 225/2 Es mag deshalb die Bezeichnung ‘Westafrikanischer Kulturkreis’ zunächst beibehalten werden.] 1948A. L. Kroeber Anthropol. (rev. ed.) xvii. 770 Part of a wider theory advanced by the Kulturkreis (culture-sphere) movement or school of ethnology in continental Europe is that the Indonesian-Melanesian cultures are also characterized by the same block of culture traits that includes those enumerated for West Africa. 1971English Studies LII. 256 It will have important implications..for the whole theoretical question of genre study in literature and the whole historical one of Anglo-Irish relations in the early middle ages, indeed of all of the early Christian Kulturkreis, which included the British Isles, Iceland, Scandinavia, and parts of Germanic Europe.
1925Manch. Guardian Weekly 16 Oct. 311 There is no ‘Kulturstaat’ (civilised State) that would not punish political crimes. 1936Mind XLV. 295 A state must at least preserve its existence, as a condition of becoming a Kulturstaat. 1948J. Towster Political Power in U.S.S.R. i. i. 6 Such conceptions of the state as Rechtstaat or Kulturstaat.
1920D. H. Lawrence Women in Love i. 13 She was a Kulturträger, a medium for the culture of ideas. 1962N. & Q. May 190/2 Two types of borrowing situation are envisaged, the bilingual community with oral/aural mediation, and the unilingual community with Kulturträger and written mediation. |