| 释义 |
▪ I. winder, n.1|ˈwaɪndə(r)|
[f. wind v.1 + -er1. (14th c. AF. had gyndour, gwynder in senses 1 and 2. Later Fr. had guindre ‘a reele, or wheel to wind silke on’, Cotgr.)]
A person or thing that winds, in various senses.
I. Senses denoting persons.
1. One who turns or manages a winch or windlass, esp. at a mine; a windlass-man.
1747Hooson Miner's Dict. K iij b, Upon the Stoblade which the Winder stands to draw at, there is a Hole bored through, just below the Spindle. 1809Ann. Reg. (1821) 867 The miners in the work, and the winders at the mouth of the pit. 1899Edin. Rev. Jan. 124 Coalowners cannot work their mines without hewers and winders.
2. An operative employed in winding wool, etc.
1552Huloet, Wynder of thread or yarne. 1599T. M[oufet] Silkwormes 69 What neede I count how many winders liue, How many twisters eke, and weauers thriue Vppon this trade? 1662Act 14 Chas. II, c. 15 §5 Whereas there is a necessity lying upon the Silke throwers to deliver to theire Winders or Doublers considerable quantities of silke. 1751G. C. Deering Nottingham 72 Almost every Seamer, Sizer, and Winder, will have her Tea. 1818Min. Evid. Committee Ribbon Weavers 7 What can a common winder earn?—Three shillings. What a quill winder?—Four shillings. 1828T. Allen York ii. 312 If they take away their work from carders and spinners, they return it them back ten-fold as winders, warpers, weavers. 1879Cassell's Techn. Educ. viii. 128/2 The winders, who put the silk, cotton, or thread on the bobbins.
3. One who winds a clock or other mechanism.
1823Mrs. Smyth in J. A. Heraud Voy. & Mem. Midshipman viii. (1837) 128 William aspired sometime ago to the honour of winding up the chronometers, when Mr. Graves, the regular winder, happened to be absent. 1881Instr. Census Clerks (1885) 46 Jobber and Winder (Clock).
II. Senses denoting things.
†4.
a. A tendril of a climbing plant.
b. A twining plant. Obs.
1577Googe tr. Heresbach's Husb. 33 b, The one sort [of Pease]..runneth vp vppon stickes, to whiche with little wynders he bindeth hym selfe. 1626Bacon Sylva §536 Winders, and Creepers; As Iuy, Briony, Hops, Woodbine. 1673–4Grew Anat. Pl. (1682) 136 The Wood of all Convolvula's [sic] or Winders.
5. An apparatus (of various kinds) for winding something, or upon which something is wound or coiled; e.g. a winch or windlass, or the crank or handle of one; a reel or spool, or a stick or strip of something serving as a substitute.
1585Higins Junius' Nomencl. 300/2 Succula,..a winder or rather the ouerthwart barrel turned with leauers. 1657T. Barker Art of Angling (1659) 25 You must have your winder within two foot of the bottom to goe on your [salmon-]rod made in this manner, with a spring. 1677Moxon Mech. Exerc. iii. 37 The Winch, or Winder, or Handle, the Iron part is the Winder, the Wood the Handle. 1773W. Emerson Princ. Mech. (ed. 3) 284 Winder, a winch or handle to wind about. 1825J. Nicholson Oper. Mech. 369 The reel or winder being now withdrawn, the coil of paper is cut on both sides. 1843Civil Eng. & Arch. Jrnl. VI. 213/2 Attached to the heads of these posts are a number of winders for stretching the wires.
6. A key for winding a jack, clock, or other mechanism. Also attrib. in winder-hole, the hole through which the key is passed in winding.
1606Chapman Gentl. Usher iii. ii. 25 Even as in that queint engine you have seene A little man in shreds stand at the winder. 1686Plot Staffordsh. 387 The coard i, that is wound round the wheel k, by a key or winder applyed to the Axis l. 1729Swift Direct. Serv. ii. (1745) 41 Always leave the Winder sticking on the Jack. 1837Barham Ingol. Leg. Ser. i. Look at the Clock, The two little winder-holes turned into eyes. 1884Britten Watch & Clockm. 293 Clock keys are often spoken of as winders.
7. A winding step in a staircase: usually in pl., opp. to flyers (see flyer 4 b).
1667[see flyer 4 b]. 1808P. Nicholson Carpenter's New Guide (ed. 2) Pl. 53 A dogleg Stair Case with Winders. 1823― Pract. Builder 185 When the treads of the steps diminish in breadth toward the well-hole, the steps are called winders. 1838Loudon Suburban Gard. 45 The best staircases are those without winders.
III. 8. winder-up: † (a) something that concludes an argument; (b) one who winds up a business.
1795Paine Age of Reason ii. 78 The lying imposition of Isaiah to Ahaz..has been perverted, and made to serve as a winder-up. 1921W. de Morgan Old Man's Youth xviii, I heard the expression ‘men of straw’ used more than once by winders-up, or victims.
▪ II. ˈwinder, n.2
[f. wind v.2 + -er1.]
1. |ˈwaɪndə(r)| One who blows a wind-instrument.
1611Florio, Cornettáro, a Cornet-maker or winder. 1818Keats Endym. i. 281 Winder of the horn, When snouted wild-boars routing tender corn Anger our hunts⁓men.
2. |ˈwɪndə(r)|
a. Something that takes one's breath away; a blow that ‘knocks the wind’ out of one; a run, climb, or other exertion that puts one out of breath. colloq.
1825C. M. Westmacott Engl. Spy (1907) I. 158, I did give her [sc. a mare] a winder,..to be sure, only one day's hunting, though, a good hard run over Somerset range. 1828Blackw. Mag. XXIV. 212 Do you put it [sc. your hand] across your breast in case of an unexpected winder from your apparently peaceable acquaintance? 1861Dickens Gt. Expect. v, It was a run indeed now, and what Joe called, in the only two words he spoke all the time, ‘a Winder’. 1866C. Brooke 10 Yrs. Saráwak I. 246 We had to ascend a hill of 500 feet high... This was a winder.
b. fig. † spec. a sentence of transportation for life (obs. slang).
1812J. H. Vaux Vocab. Flash Lang. in Mem. (1964) 279 A man transported for his natural life, is said..to have knap'd a winder. 1836J. F. O'Connell Residence in New Holland 37 Previous convictions and character must have affected his sentence, as it was, in flash phraseology, a winder. 1913D. H. Lawrence Sons & Lovers ix. 243 It's a winder when you have to pour your own tea out—an' nobody to grouse if you team it in your saucer and sup it up.
▪ III. ˈwinder, n.3 rare.
[f. wind v.3 + -er1.]
A winnower.
1570Drant Serm. D vij b, Mowers, threshers, winders and grinders.
▪ IV. winder, n.4 dial.|ˈwɪndə(r)|
Also 7 whinder, 9 windar.
[a. early Flem. winder, wender ‘anas mas’ (Kilian).]
A widgeon.
1542in Househ. Ord. (1790) 223 Item, Winders, the doz. 2 s. 4 d. 1668Charleton Onomast. 100 Boscas..the whinder. 1672Brasenose Coll. Oxf. Bills 23. 130 (MS.), Pulitz, 3 whinder 2 s. 9 d. 1719D'Urfey Pills III. 322 But George he cut the Dragon up, as 't had bin Duck or Winder. 1803–4in Col. Hawker Diary (1893) II. 358 Windar (i.e. wigeon diver or dunbird). 1887Kentish Gloss.
▪ V. winder, n.5|ˈwɪndə(r)|
Repr. dial. or slovenly pronunc. of window n. Also in Comb.
1683G. M[eriton] Yorks. Dial. 8 Nan steeke'th winder-board, and mack it darke. 1838Dickens Nich. Nick. (1839) viii. 69 We go upon the practical mode of teaching, Nickleby;..W-i-n, win, d-e-r, der, winder, a casement. 1877J. Hartley Halifax Clock Almanack 43 Sam made a grab at it, an it flew to th' winder-bottom. 1901M. Franklin My Brilliant Career xxxii. 272 Lizer, shut the winder quick. 1935D. L. Sayers Gaudy Night xvii. 372 Winderpane, we called 'im, along of the eyeglass, but meanin' no disrespect. 1976Trans. Yorks. Dial. Soc. XIV. 37 Ah've just been cleeanin' t'winders.
▪ VI. winder, v. Obs. exc. dial.|ˈwɪndə(r)|
Also 7 whinder.
[Origin unknown. Cf. windle v.3]
1. intr. To wither; to pine or waste away.
1600Holland Livy ii. xxiii. 58 Until at length his bodie also began to winder away in a consumption. 1601― Pliny vii. ii. I. 155.
†2. trans. To crush into fragments. Obs.
1610Holland Camden's Brit. ii. 154 By the fall of a towre [he] was crushed and whindred to death [orig. compressus & comminutus].
▪ VII. winder, winderous
see wonder, wondrous. |